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We report a correlation outcome for mechanical and gamma-ray transmission properties of tellurite glasses by increasing tungsten(vi) oxide concentration in glass structure. The mechanical properties as well as Poisson’s ratio (σ) of the studied glasses are estimated by applying Makishima–Mackenzie model. Gamma-ray attenuation properties using various fundamental parameters are determined in 0.015–15 MeV energy range. Poisson’s ratio (σ) decreased from 0.43017 to 0.42711, while all elastic moduli increased linearly with the molar increment of either [WO3] or [TeO2] in the molecular structure of the glass network. Moreover, gamma-ray attenuation properties are enhanced as a function of increasing WO3 substitution amount from 30 to 50% mol in the glass structure. Half-value layer values at 15 MeV are found to be between 2.648 and 2.8614 cm. I4 samples with a composition of 20TeO2–50WO3–30GdF3 and density of 6.0530 g/cm3 was found to have superior material properties in terms of elastic and gamma-ray attenuation properties. It can be concluded that maximized WO3 contribution into the tellurite glasses may be considered as a critical tool in terms of establishing a symmetry between mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties for high-density tellurite glasses for their potential utilization in nuclear waste management, radiation shielding, and radioactive source transportation purposes.

Fluoroboro tellurite glasses containing La2O3 with nominal composition of 43B2O3 + 33TeO2 + (12−x)BaF2 + 12Na2O + xLa2O3x = 0 (La0.0), 0.5 (La0.5), 1 (La1.0), 2 (La2.0), and 3 (La3.0) mol% were fabricated using the melt quenching technique. The effects of La3+ ion content inclusion in the prepared glass matrices, including the structural, physical, and optical properties and γ-ray protection efficacy, were then explored. The amorphous state of the La-glasses was verified by the broad and diffuse dispersion of all XRD patterns at low angles. As La2O3 additives were added from 0 to 3 mol%, the density (ρ) increased from 3.6243 g/cm3 to3.8743 g/cm3 and the molar volume (Vm) decreased from 30.6488 cm3/mol to 29.8364 cm3/mol. Lanthanum ion concentrations (NLa) increased from 0 for La0.0 glasses to 312.1103 × 1020 cm−3 for La3.0 glasses. The polar radius decreased from 0 Å to 3.7813 Å, whereas the ligand field strength between La ions and their surroundings increased from 0 Å−2 to 18.1839 Å−2. Values of optical gap (Eg) varied from 3.07 eV to 2.82 eV. The values of linear refractive index (n0) varied from 2.383 to 2.443, whereas values of nonlinear refractive index (n2) changed from 5.16 × 10−11 esu to 6.40 × 10−11 esu for La0.0 and La3.0 glass specimens. Mass (MAC) and linear (LAC) attenuation coefficients were lowest in La0.0 glasses and highest in La3.0 glasses. The trend of the mean free path (MFP) of La-glasses was inverse to that of the LAC and MAC. The order of the MFP trend, which indicates the influence of La2O3 in the glass matrix, was typically (MFP)La0.0 > (MFP)La0.5 > (MFP)La1.0 > (MFP)La2.0 > (MFP)La3.0. Results show that the recommended glasses appear to be promising materials for various optical devices and radiation protection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desired target of the current report was to examine the efficiency of MnO-based glass systems against x- or g-rays, and mechanical properties with varying amounts of MnO incorporation. The focus was on evaluating their radiation shielding performance and determining their elasto-mechanic intrinsic characteristics. Various gamma and neutron shielding factors, including HVL (half-value layer), Zeff (Zeff: effective atomic number), Zeq (equivalent atomic number), EBF (exposure buildup factor), EABF (energy absorption buildup factor), ACS (atomic cross-section), ESC (electronic cross-section), and SAFE* (specific absorbed fraction of energy) were planned to assess the radio-protection capabilities of the probed glass systems. Exemplified at E = 15 keV, the MAC (mass attenuation coefficient) values are: 13.99 cm2/g, 14.03 cm2/g, 14.18 cm2/g, 14.36 cm2/g, and 14.55 cm2/g for the glass blocks encoded as LZBP, 0.1Mn:LZBP, 0.5Mn:LZBP, 1.0Mn:LZBP, and 1.5Mn:LZBP respectively, while the SAFE values vary between 31907 g−1 and 32013 g−1 as Mn2+ is increased from 0.0 mol% to 1.5 mol%. The outcomes indicate that as the manganese (II) oxide mol% increases, then the MAC, Zeff, Zeq, ACS, and ESC values also increase. Among the samples, 1.5Mn:LZBP exhibited the least HVL, EBF, EABF, and SAFE values. This glass, which contains 1.5 mol% of MnO and has the highest interconnecting bonding/volume, may be deemed as an advanced glass for ray protection in the different fields, providing valuable insights into their radiation shielding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the symmetry of mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties for some tellurite glasses through elastic moduli, mechanical, and transmission properties as a function of varied WO3 amount in glass configuration. Four glass samples, along with different molar compositions as well as WO3/GdF3 substitution ratios, are investigated. Transmission properties using several essential parameters, such as attenuation coefficients, half-value layers, effective atomic numbers, effective conductivity, and buildup factors, are calculated in the 0.015–15 MeV energy range. Moreover, elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios (σ) of the studied glass are calculated using the Makishima–Mackenzie model. The M4 sample with the highest WO3 addition is found with superior photon attenuation properties among the glasses investigated. Poisson's ratio (σ) is increased, while all elastic moduli are decreased. Young's modulus is reported as 62.23 GPa and 36.45.37 GPa at the highest and lowest WO3 mol%, respectively. It can be concluded that WO3 is a functional and monotonic tool in ternary-tellurite glasses for multiple modifications and enhancement purposes on gamma-ray attenuation, elastic moduli, and mechanical properties. It can also be concluded that increasing the WO3 amount in tellurite glasses may be considered a tool in terms of providing symmetry for mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the present work was to assess the gamma radiation shielding competencies and gamma radiation transmission factors (TFs) for some tellurite glasses in the form of Bi2O3–TeO2–Na2O–TiO2–ZnO. MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code (version 2.6.0) was utilized for the determination of TF values at various well-known radioisotope energies for different glass thicknesses from 0.5 cm to 3 cm. Moreover, some important gamma ray shielding properties were also determined in the 0.015–15 MeV energy range. The results show that glass densities were improved from 5.401 g/cm3 to 6.138 g·cm3 as a function of Bi2O3 increment in the glass composition. A S5 glass sample with the maximum Bi2O3 additive was reported with superior gamma ray shielding properties among the studied glasses. It can be concluded that Bi2O3 can be used as a functional tool in terms of improving glass density and, accordingly, gamma ray shielding attenuation properties of tellurite glasses, where the role Bi2O3 is also critical for other material properties, such as structural, optical, and mechanical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt quenching technique is used for preparing glasses with chemical formula (70P 2 O 5 )-(16 - x)CdO-(14ZnO)-(xEr 2 O 3 ), (x = 1-6 mol%). These glasses were named Er1, Er2, Er3, Er4, Er5, and Er6, respectively. Photon buildup factors, fast neutron absorption, and electron stopping of the prepared glasses were examined. Glasses' density was varied from 3.390 ± 0.003 for the Er1 glass sample to 3.412 ± 0.003 for the Er6 glass sample. The Buildup factor (BUF) spectra have relatively higher values in the Compton Scattering (CS) dominated areas compared to both Photoelectric effect (PE), and Pair Production (PP) dominated energy regions. The highest BUF appeared at the Er atom K-absorption edge, whose intensity increases as the molar concentration of Er 2 O 3 in the glasses increases. The photon absorption efficiency (PAE) of the glasses increases according to the trend (PAE) Er1 < (PAE) Er2 < (PAE) Er3 < (PAE) Er4 < (PAE) Er5 < (PAE) Er6 . Fast neutron removal cross-section, FNRC (ΣR) values of the glasses obtained via calculation varied from 0.1045-0.1039 cm -1 for Er1-Er6. Furthermore, the continuous slowing down approximation mode (CSDA) range enhances the kinetic energy of electrons for all glasses. Generally, results revealed that the investigated glasses could be applied for radiation shielding and dosimetric media.