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Participants 350 participants of ages 57 and older will be recruited from a community sample from Bogotá, Colombia. Participants will be divided into two groups: 57-69 years old and 70 years and older. Sample will be balanced by gender and age-group. Exclusion Criteria Participants that are not Colombian and currently living in Bogotá, as well as participants younger than 57 (minimal age for retirement) will be excluded from the sample. In order to estimate the sample size required to achieve a power of .80, with an RMSEA threshold of

All participants will be initially directed to a secure online website, using Typeform to complete an anonymous survey entitled: “Health among older population during the Pandemic”. After a brief description of the purpose of the study, and information regarding consent, participants will be invited to answer the questionnaire. As part of screening for eligibility, participants will indicate their age, whether or not they are Colombian citizens, and live in Bogotá. Non-ellegible participants will be notified as to why they are ineligible for participation and will be redirected out of the survey. These questions will be repeated at the end of the survey in case there were any errors in reporting and participants need to be removed from analyses. Participants who consent to participate will answer the survey questionnaire which will take approximately 40 -50 minutes to complete. Ideally, people will answer the survey in one attempt. However, taking in consideration the length of the survey and people´s abilities to read and answer according to their age, the survey allows participants to stop and return to the survey without losing their previous answers. Finally, participants will complete demographic measures outlined above. At the end of the survey, participants will find contact information of the principal researcher in case they require further information regarding the survey or attention for emotional support. In addition to this, a token of our appreciation participants will be two online bonuses for 25.000 Colombian Pesos, equivalent to approximately 6 USD for their use. Those who accept will be directed to a secure online page where they will be asked for their contact information with the sole purpose of making the payment.

We will conduct a correlational study among a community sample of Colombian participants from Bogotá that currently meet the minimum retirement age (57 years of age).

The increase of ageism during the COVID-19 pandemic has been documented worldwide (Ayalon et al., 2020; Monahan et al., 2020), but there is only anecdotal evidence of increased intergenerational tensions and ageism in Colombia, where restrictions were so harsh. Hence, this project’s goal is to evaluate the associations between stereotyping ageism and aging anxiety; social support and neglect from family and health care providers; mental and physical health; religiosity and technological self-efficacy variables during the Pandemic among older population in Colombia.

We will test the following exploratory model that; (a) Overall, social support and social support during the Pandemic coming from family and healthcare providers and positive stereotyping, are positively associated with expected aging-related support in the future, more positive reports of physical and mental health, and negatively associated with aging anxiety, depression and negative impact of pandemic. (b) Overall, less social support and social support during the Pandemic coming from family and healthcare providers and negative stereotyping are negatively associated with expected aging-related support in the future, more physical and mental health, and positively associated with aging anxiety, depression, and negative impact of pandemic on their lives. (c) Religiosity and technological self-efficacy will moderate the relationship between aging stereotypes and expected aging-related support in the future, social support variables and physical and mental health, aging anxiety, depression and negative impact of pandemic on their lives.

Ayalon, L., Chasteen, A., Diehl, M., Levy, B., Neupert, S. D., Rothermund, K., Tesch-Romer, C., & Wahl, H. W. (2020). Aging in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: Avoiding ageism and fostering intergenerational solidarity. The Journals of Gerontology: Series doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa051 Bosma, H. & Marmot, M. G. (1997) Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in Whitehall ii (prospective cohort) study. British Medical Journal, 314,:7080 Bousfield, C., & Hutchison, P. (2010). Contact, anxiety, and young people’s attitude and behavioral intentions towards the elderly. Educational Gerontology, 36,452-466 Gietel-Basten S, Saucedo SEG, Scherbov S (2020) Prospective measures of aging for Central and South America. PLoS ONE 15(7): e0236280. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236280 Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of general internal medicine, 16(9), 606-613. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2010). The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: a systematic review. General hospital psychiatry, 32(4), 345-359. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of internal medicine, 146(5), 317-325. Levy, B. R. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(6), 332–336. Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., Kunkel, S. R., & Kasl, S. V. (2002). Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 261–270. https://doi. org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.261. Levy, S.R., & Macdonald, J.L. (2016). Progress on understanding ageism. Journal of Social Issues, 72(1), 5-25. doi:10.1111/josi.12153 Levy, B. R., Kasl, S. V., & Gill, T. M. (2004). Image of aging scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 99(1), 208-210. Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health and Wellbeing of Older People: A Comprehensive Review. Ann Geriatr Med Res. 2020;24(3):166-172. Published online July 6, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.20.0027 Minnotte, K.L. (2012) Perceived discrimination and work-to-life conflict among workers in the United States. The Sociological Quarterly, 53(2), 188-210. Monahan, C., Macdonald, J., Lytle. A., Apriceno, M., & Levy, S. R. (2020). COVID-19 and ageism: How positive and negative responses impact older adults and society. American Psychologist. Moreno Toledo, A. (2011). Viejismo (ageism). Percepciones de la población acerca de la tercera edad: estereotipos, actitudes e implicaciones sociales. Poiésis, 10 (19). https://doi.org/10.21501/16920945.101 Palloni, Alberto & Pinto, Guido. (2014). Family support networks and population ageing. International journal of sociology of the family. 40. Ramírez, L., & Palacios-Espinosa, X. (2016). Stereotypes about old age, social support, aging anxiety and evaluations of one’s own health. Journal of Social Issues, 72, 44–65. https://doi. org/10.1111/josi.12155. Ramírez, L., Palacios-Espinosa, X., Dyar, C., Lytle, A., & Levy, S.R. (2018). The Relationships among Aging Stereotypes, Aging Anxiety, Social Support, Religiosity, and Expected Health among Colombians. Journal of Adult Development. Advanced Online Publication. doi:10.1007/s10804-018-9299-8 Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of internal medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. Jun;30(6):473-83. PMID: 1593914. World Health Organization (2016, September) Elder abuse fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs357/en/

Predictor Variables: Current and expected overall social support. This section measure based on Bosma, H. & Marmot, M. G. (1997) and was translated to Spanish and validated by Ramírez and Palacios (2016). Treatment by family members and healthcare providers during the pandemic. This measure was built for the purpose of this study. It has been previously piloted and shows good internal reliability. Treatment by healthcare system. This measure was built for the purpose of this study. It has been previously piloted and shows good internal reliability. Stereotyping measure. Based on Levy, Kasl, and Gill, (2004), we created a measure of stereotyping that has been previously used and validated in Ramírez and Palacios (2016). In light of the current situation we added two more traits resulting in an 9 positive (loving, enjoys life moments, experienced, wise, patient, calm, family oriented, generous, that contributes to society) and 9 negative traits (sick, stubborn, lonely, grumpy, forgetful, sad, tired, dying, a burden to society). In the past, both scales have shown good internal reliability. Attitudes toward aging. 5-item measure from Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., Kunkel, S. R., & Kasl S. V. (2002). Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(2): 261-270. Outcome variables. Aging anxiety. This measure was created and validated by Bousfield and Hutchison (2010). It was used and validated in our previous 2016 and 2019 studies and has shown good internal reliability. Neglect during the pandemic.This measure was built for the purpose of this study. It has been previously piloted and shows good internal reliability. Perceived discrimination. This measure was adapted from similar measures (see Minnotte, K.L., 2012). It was used and validated to assess perceived discrimination in our previous 2016 and 2019 studies. Physical and mental health Status. This 2-item measure has been used and validated in prior studies including our own. (see Ware, & Sherbourne, 1992). Depression. 9-item measure taken from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) developed by Spitzer, Williams and Kroenke. It is a questionnaire for cross-cultural use, translated into various languages. We use the Spanish version. It has been piloted and shown good internal reliability. Each item is scored 0 (not at all), 1(several days), 2 (more than half the days) or 3 (nearly every day) and providing a severity score (0-27). Cut points are: 5 (mild), 10 (moderate), 15 (moderately severe) and 20 (severe). It’s a scale with sensibility to change. (see Kroenke et al., 2001; Kroenke et al., 2010). Anxiety. 9 item measure (GAD-7) developed by Spitzer, Williams and Kroenke, . It has been piloted and shown good internal reliability. It is a measure in worldwide use, translated into several languages. We use the Spanish version. Each item is scored 0 (not at all), 1(several days), 2 (more than half the days) or 3 (nearly every day) and providing a severity score (0-21). Cut points are: 5 (mild), 10 (moderate), 15 (moderately severe) and 20 (severe) (see Kroenke et al., 2007; Kroenke et al., 2010; Spitzer et al., 2006). Intervening variables Religiosity. This 5-item Likert measure was built for the purpose of this study. Items include: “My religion has helped me face the difficulties posed by the Pandemic” “Believing in God has protected me during the Pandemic” “God has protected me during the Pandemic” My spiritual life has strenghtened during the Pandemic”. It has been previously piloted and shows good internal reliability. Self-efficacy or technology concerns will be tested. This 8-item measure was built for the purpose of this study. Items ask participants to self-evaluate whether their technological skill on 8 fronts (social networks, video-conference, information-search, deliveries, gaming and leisure, banking, staying informed and participating in communities have improved). It has been previously piloted and shows good internal reliability. Sociodemographic variables Age, marital status, SES, gender, and employment status (working full-time, part-time, retired, partially retired) will be controlled for.

Establecer la incidencia de la aplicación de estrategias pedagógicas de autorregulación del aprendizaje con alto componente metacognitivo en el desarrollo de la conciencia medioambiental en estudiantes de educación básica secundaria de tres instituciones educativas de los departamentos de Huila, Meta, y de Bogotá, D.C. Las problemáticas ambientales son todas aquellas que impiden que los seres vivos puedan disfrutar un medioambiente saludable, sin embargo, las consecuencias de esto son derivadas de las relaciones antrópicas con los ecosistemas. Sobre esa base, se establece una serie de relaciones asimétricas de poder, donde el actuar de los seres humanos se configura como desencadenante de una realidad que afecta a todos los individuos en diversos contextos sociales en el planeta. La preservación de los ecosistemas y el cuidado medioambiental requieren de una acción participativa que involucre a estudiantes y docentes, esto a través de una educación ambiental que permita reconocer las relaciones que se establecen entre economía, ambiente y sociedad para que el docente desde su praxis favorezca un aprendizaje significativo que involucre a los actores vinculados a la problemática ambiental y desde el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, generar tópicos orientadores en relación con la interacción con el medioambiente, de esta manera estudiantes, docentes y comunidad educativa tendrán una mayor sensibilidad ambiental que puede mejorar las condiciones ambientales de sus contextos.

El presente documento desarrolla la contribución en la implementación de un sistema alternativo de segunda línea para el aumento de afiliaciones por parte de empresas Pymes en el área comercial de la Cámara Colombo Japonesa de comercio e industria con el objetivo de obtener el título de profesional en Negocios Internacionales. Algunas de las causas de este problema en la separación de afiliados de la cámara se relacionan con la coyuntura actual del COVID-19, el desconocimiento de un adecuado manejo de información y la falta de una efectiva relación con las medianas y pequeñas empresas con un potencial exportador. A través de esta implementación en la ampliación de las afiliaciones de empresas Pymes, se espera contribuir al aumento de afiliados de la cámara y así mismo dar un enfoque amplio a empresas colombianas para que exporten hacia Japón. El proyecto contempla dos etapas: la primera con un comienzo a partir del segundo semestre del 2020, a realizarse en la ciudad de Bogotá, mediante una estrategia de incentivos para la atracción de estas Pymes y su permanencia en la cámara. La segunda etapa contempla la adecuación y corrección del proyecto, de manera de ser replicado, en la ciudad de Medellín, en un lapso de 2 años. Palabras Claves: Pymes, Afiliaciones, incentivos, Exportación. This document develops the contribution in the implementation of an alternative second-line system to increase affiliations by(Small and médium-sized companies in the commercial area of the Colombian Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry with the aim of obtaining the title of professional in Business International Some of the causes of this problem in the separation of affiliates from the Chamber are related to the current situation of COVID-19, the lack of adequate information management and the lack of an effective relationship with medium and small companies with a export potential Through this implementation in the expansion of the affiliations of SME companies, it is expected to contribute to the increase of members of the chamber and also give a broad approach to Colombian companies to export to Japan. The project contemplates two stages: the first with a beginning from the second semester of 2020, to be carried out in the city of Bogotá, through an incentive strategy for the attraction of these SMEs and their permanence in the chamber. The second stage contemplates the adaptation and correction of the project, in order to be replicated, in the city of Medellín, in a period of 2 years. Keywords: Small and medium-sized companies, affiliations, incentives, Exportation Profesional en Negocios Internacionales http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Pregrado

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most commonly used pesticides in Colombia, being the most commonly used in the department of Norte de Santander, where its usefulness has been proven to protect crops of rice, coffee, etc. However, due to improper use by farmers, this has brought negative consequences for the environment and the health of people, which is why in 2014 there were 715 cases of poisoning by this substance in the department. In order to generate a technically viable alternative for the treatment of agricultural wastewater containing Chlorpyrifos and advancing in the decontamination of receiving water bodies, the effectiveness of the heterogeneous photocatalysis coupling in a Composite Parabolic Collector - CPC and an aerobic biological process of activated sludge in batch. The photocatalysis was performed in a CPC of 0.83 m2, using sunlight as a source of energy (20, 40 and 60 KJ.L-1 ) and titanium dioxide - TiO2 Degussa P25 as a catalyst (100, 350 and 600 mg. L-1 ), at a pH of 3, 6 and 9 and as an aerobic biological process the Zahn-Wellens Test was used. The photocatalytic process achieved a maximum DQO removal of 44.2% and COD of 35.3%, for optimal conditions 159.19 mg.L-1 of TiO2 and 3.47 pH units. The biological process managed to degrade 17.0% of DQO and 9.3% of COD for wastewater without pretreatment. After pretreatment by photocatalysis, the removal of the biological process increased to 88.2% DQO and 67.8% COD. From the results obtained, it is established that the coupling of heterogeneous photocatalysis and an aerobic biological process is a viable alternative for the treatment of agricultural wastewater with the presence of Chlorpyrifos. El Clorpirifos es uno de los plaguicidas que más se utiliza en Colombia, siendo el de mayor uso en el departamento de Norte de Santander, en donde su utilidad ha sido comprobada para proteger cultivos de arroz, café, etc. No obstante, debido al uso inadecuado por parte de los agricultores, este ha traído consecuencias negativas para el medio ambiente y la salud de las personas, es así como para el año 2014 se registraron 715 casos de intoxicación por esta sustancia en el departamento. Con el fin de generar una alternativa técnicamente viable para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales agrícolas con contenido de Clorpirifos y avanzar en la descontaminación de los cuerpos de agua receptores, se evaluó la eficacia del acople de fotocatálisis heterogénea en un Colector Parabólico Compuesto - CPC y un proceso biológico aerobio de lodos activados en batch. La fotocatálisis se realizó en un CPC de 0.83 m2 , usando luz solar como fuente de energía (20, 40 y 60 KJ.L-1 ) y dióxido de titanio - TiO2 Degussa P25 como catalizador (100, 350 y 600 mg.L-1 ), a pH de 3, 6 y 9 y como proceso biológico aerobio se utilizó el Test de Zahn-Wellens. El proceso fotocatalítico alcanzó una remoción máxima de DQO del 44.2% y COD del 35.3%, para condiciones óptimas 159.19 mg.L-1 de TiO2 y 3.47 unidades de pH. El proceso biológico logró degradar el 17.0% de DQO y 9.3% del COD para el agua residual sin pretratamiento. Después del pretratamiento mediante fotocatálisis, la remoción del proceso biológico aumentó a un 88.2% de DQO y 67.8% de COD. De los resultados obtenidos se establece que el acople de fotocatálisis heterogénea y un proceso biológico aerobio, es una alternativa viable para el tratamiento de aguas residuales agrícolas con presencia de Clorpirifos.

Como parte del curso Seminario de Graduación el presente trabajo investigativo titulado: Promoción de valores en los estudiantes del sexto grado del turno matutino del colegio Público República de el Salvador en el distrito VII de Managua en el II semestre del año 2019. El trabajo realizado sobre los valores es una investigación mixta que nos dio las herramientas útiles para ampliar conocimientos respecto al comportamiento de los estudiantes de sexto grado y sus relaciones con los demás. A partir de distintas definiciones y pensamientos de autores para generar conceptos propios del diario vivir y relacionarlos con el contexto sociocultural en que vivimos. Continuamente estamos valorando las acciones de los demás, a los integrantes de la familia, compañeros de clases y los objetos que nos rodean; las conclusiones, nos llevan a que los valores son un conjunto de creencias que nos dictan la forma de conducta más aceptada socialmente. En relación de las entrevistas aplicadas a los estudiantes de sexto, sus respuestas y su forma de actuar afirman que ellos tienen conocimiento y dominio en gran parte de los valores, pero no los están practicando en su totalidad, se puede afirmar que hay debilidad en cuanto a la práctica de ellos. En este contexto el concepto de los valores abarca contenidos y significados diferentes y ha sido abordado desde diversas perspectivas y teorías. En sentido humanista. La educación en valores es educarse moralmente, esto significa que el alumno sepa elegir entre algo que importa, por ende, formar una vida adecuada que le haga crecer como persona y relacionarse con los demás, recomendamos que tanto padres y docentes sean el modelo y ejemplo en todo momento para que los alumnos imiten la conducta de las personas que quieren y respetan