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1. Expertise in surgical neuro-oncology. Results of a survey by the EANS neuro-oncology section

Author

K. Gousias, A. Hoyer, L.A. Mazurczyk, J. Bartek, Jr., M. Bruneau, E. Celtikci, N. Foroglou, C. Freyschlag, R. Grossman, C. Jungk, P. Metellus, D. Netuka, R. Rola, P. Schucht, C. Senft, F. Signorelli, A.J.P.E. Vincent, M. Simon, Rachit Agrawal, Luigi Albano, George A. Alexiou, Amanj Ali, Rafid Al-Mahfoudh, Michael Amoo, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Sven Bamps, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Damiano G. Barone, Fabio Barone, Sami Barrit, Felix Behling, Alin Blaga, Alexandros Boukas, Paul Brennan, Vicki M. Butenschoen, Mauro Campello, Areda Cara, Salvatore Chibbaro, Robert Chrenko, Pere J. Cifre Serra, Hans Clusmann, Alba Corell, Jan F. Cornelius, Marcello D'Andrea, Andreas K. Demetriades, Steven De Vleeschouwer, Richard Drexler, Johnny Duerinck, Ruben V. Fanarjyan, Alejandro Fernandez-Coello, Kostas Fountas, Thomas M. Freiman, Vadim Gadzhiagaev, Miltiadis Georgiopoulos, Nathalie Gilis, Jagos Golubovic, Eric Goulin Lippi Fernandes, Giovanni Grasso, Francesco Guerrini, Beste Gulsuna, Ciaran S. Hill, Julius Höhne, Markus Holling, Ievgenii Iarmoliuk, Florian Ioan-Alexandru, Tamara Ius, Kestutis Jacikevicius, Asgeir S. Jakola, Paweł Jakubowski, Georgios Kalantzis, Konstantina Karabatsou, Ramez Kirollos, Ralph König, Danil A. Kozyrev, Dietmar Krex, Barbara Ladisich, Ruth Lau, Yauhen Lizunou, Arnaud Lombard, Hu Liang Low, José Luís Alves, Yazid Maghrabi, Marco Mammi, Ala Marji, Luca Massimi, Ioannis Mavridis, Aaron Lawson McLean, Anna C. Lawson McLean, Bernhard Meyer, Malte Mohme, Pedro Moura Branco, Michael Müther, Issam Musleh, Danial Nasiri, Ramon Navarro, Ibrahim Omerhodzic, Marvin Darkwah Oppong, Nikolaos A. Paidakakos, Zoi Pantera, Mohammed A. Patel, Mateusz Pawlowski, Athanasios Petridis, Adrian J. Praeger, Stephen Price, Franz Ricklefs, Luigi Rigante, Florian Ringel, Pierre A. Robe, Karl Rössler, Eduarda Sá-Marta, Jose L. Sanmillan, Alba Scerrati, Matthias Schneider, Henry W.S. Schroeder, Michael Schwake, Mohamed Shoaib, Octavian Mihai Sirbu, Iñigo L. Sistiaga, Tomasz J. Skajster, Albertas Sliauzys, Vitaly Sokotukhin, Jehuda Soleman, Veit M. Stoecklein, Eric Suero Molina, Wojciech Świątnicki, Νikolaos Syrmos, Graziano Taddei, Avin Taher, Martin Tamarit, Mark ter Laan, Theocharis Theocharous, Dieter Thijs, Leonidas Trakolis, Monica Truffelli, Miriam Weiss, Eberhard Uhl, Laura Grazia Valentini, Dimitri Vanhauwaert, Bassel Zebian, Bojana Zivkovic, and Matteo Zoli

Subjects
Expertise, Surgical neuro-oncology, EANS, CNS tumors, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Introduction: Technical advances and the increasing role of interdisciplinary decision-making may warrant formal definitions of expertise in surgical neuro-oncology. Research question: The EANS Neuro-oncology Section felt that a survey detailing the European neurosurgical perspective on the concept of expertise in surgical neuro-oncology might be helpful. Material and methods: The EANS Neuro-oncology Section panel developed an online survey asking questions regarding criteria for expertise in neuro-oncological surgery and sent it to all individual EANS members. Results: Our questionnaire was completed by 251 respondents (consultants: 80.1%) from 42 countries. 67.7% would accept a lifetime caseload of >200 cases and 86.7% an annual caseload of >50 as evidence of neuro-oncological surgical expertise. A majority felt that surgeons who do not treat children (56.2%), do not have experience with spinal fusion (78.1%) or peripheral nerve tumors (71.7%) may still be considered experts. Majorities believed that expertise requires the use of skull-base approaches (85.8%), intraoperative monitoring (83.4%), awake craniotomies (77.3%), and neuro-endoscopy (75.5%) as well as continuing education of at least 1/year (100.0%), a research background (80.0%) and teaching activities (78.7%), and formal interdisciplinary collaborations (e.g., tumor board: 93.0%). Academic vs. non-academic affiliation, career position, years of neurosurgical experience, country of practice, and primary clinical interest had a minor influence on the respondents’ opinions. Discussion and conclusion: Opinions among neurosurgeons regarding the characteristics and features of expertise in neuro-oncology vary surprisingly little. Large majorities favoring certain thresholds and qualitative criteria suggest a consensus definition might be possible.

Published
2024
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2. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between cyproterone acetate and intracranial meningiomas

Author

Keng Siang Lee, John J. Y. Zhang, Ramez Kirollos, Thomas Santarius, Vincent Diong Weng Nga, and Tseng Tsai Yeo

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The influence of exposure to hormonal treatments, particularly cyproterone acetate (CPA), has been posited to contribute to the growth of meningiomas. Given the widespread use of CPA, this systematic review and meta-analysis attempted to assess real-world evidence of the association between CPA and the occurrence of intracranial meningiomas. Systematic searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Controlled Register of Controlled Trials, were performed from database inception to 18th December 2021. Four retrospective observational studies reporting 8,132,348 patients were included in the meta-analysis. There was a total of 165,988 subjects with usage of CPA. The age of patients at meningioma diagnosis was generally above 45 years in all studies. The dosage of CPA taken by the exposed group (n = 165,988) was specified in three of the four included studies. All studies that analyzed high versus low dose CPA found a significant association between high dose CPA usage and increased risk of meningioma. When high and low dose patients were grouped together, there was no statistically significant increase in risk of meningioma associated with use of CPA (RR = 3.78 [95% CI 0.31–46.39], p = 0.190). Usage of CPA is associated with increased risk of meningioma at high doses but not when low doses are also included. Routine screening and meningioma surveillance by brain MRI offered to patients prescribed with CPA is likely a reasonable clinical consideration if given at high doses for long periods of time. Our findings highlight the need for further research on this topic.

Published
2022
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3. Global Perspectives on Task Shifting and Task Sharing in Neurosurgery

Author

Faith C. Robertson, Ignatius N. Esene, Angelos G. Kolias, Tariq Khan, Gail Rosseau, William B. Gormley, Kee B. Park, Marike L.D. Broekman, Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Naci Balak, Ahmed Ammar, Magnus Tisel, Michael Haglund, Timothy Smith, Ivar Mendez, Jannick Brennum, Stephen Honeybul, Akira Matsumara, Severien Muneza, Andres Rubiano, Patrick Kamalo, Graham Fieggen, Basant Misra, Gene Bolles, David Adelson, Robert Dempsey, Peter Hutchinson, Alexandrina Nikova, Osama Ghazala, Elubabor Buno, Shibashish Bhattacharjee, Takahiro Iizuka, Jafri Malin Abdullah, Bipin Chaurasia, Eghosa Morgan, Rodolfo E. Alcedo-Guardia, Lynne Lourdes N. Lucena, Kadir Oktay, Omar Ibrahim AbdAllah, Ahlem Saihi, Gacem Abdeldjalil, Mahi Asmaa, Claudio Yampolsky, Laura P. Saladino, Francisco Mannara, Sonal Sachdev, Benjamin Price, Vincent Joris, Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole, Edgar M. Carrasco, Mirsad Hodzic, Marcos Wagner de Sousa Porto, Robson Amorim, Igor Lima Maldonado, Bizoza Yves, Gonzalo Suarez, Felipe Constanzo, Johanna Cecilia Valdeblanquez Atencio, Karen Alexa Ruiz Mora, Juan Manuel Rodriguez Gil, Kiriakos Paraskeva, Emrah Egemen, Trevcsor Ngamasata, Jeff Ntalaja, Antoine Beltchika, Glennie Ntsambi, Goertz Mirenge Dunia, Mahmoud M. Taha, Mohamed Arnaout, Ramez Kirollos, Mohamed Kassem, Omar Elwardany, Ahmed Negida, Birhanu Dolango, Mikael Aseged, Alemu Adise Mldie, Tsegazeab Laeke, Abenezer Aklilu, Esayas Adefris, Teemu Luoto, Rezai Jahromi Behnam, Emmanuel De Schlichting, Bougaci Nassim, Pierre Bourdillon, Martin N. Stienen, Stephan Lackermair, Franziska Anna Schmidt, Juergen Konczalla, Adrien Holzgreve, Andre Sagerer, Dieter M. Weinert, Paulette Kumi, Aaron Lawson McLean, James Loan, Julian Cahill, Simon Dockrell, Fardad T. Afshari, Paul May, Alkinoos Athanasiou, Steven Papadopoulos, Edroulfo-Georgios Espinoza, Athanasios Chatzisotiriou, Pavlos Vlachogiannis, Konstantina Karabatsou, Thanasis Paschalis, Christos Tsitsipanis, Gabriel Mauricio Longo Calderan, Ronny Leiva, Harsh Deora, Sreenivas Mukkamala, Dipesh Batra, Arvind Sukumaran, Kanishk Parmar, Anuj Bahl, Amit Agrawal, Nirankar Dev, Nikhil Thakur, Sanjay Behari, Chandrasekhar B.V.K. Yandrapati, Ritesh Bhoot, Pragnesh Bhatt, Uday Bhaumik, Manish Agrawal, Antony Thomas, Harish Chandrappa, Ankit Mathur, Petra Wahjoepramono, Selfy Oswari, Rafid Al-Mahfoudh, Abbas Alnaji, Nidal Abuhadrous, Bakr Abo Jarad, Ibrahim Nour, Or Cohen-Inbar, Roberto Colasanti, Alfredo Conti, Giovanni Raffa, Corrado Castrioto, Matteo M. Baccanelli, Santino Ottavio Tomasi, Matteo Zoli, Andrea Veroni, Andrea Di Cristofori, Luigi Giannachi, Laura Lippa, Donatella Sgubin, Morgan Broggi, Marcello Barbato, Francesco Restelli, Mario Ganau, Graziano Taddei, Hamzeh Albadawi, Mohammed Salameh, Madieyva Gulmira, Muffaq Lashhab, Walid El Gaddafi, Mohammad Altoumi, S.M. Manvinder, Davendran Kanesen, Mario Teo, Prabu Rau Sriram, Sarah Atiqah M. Zamri, Vayara Perumall Vinodh, Moussa Denou, Adyl Melhaoui, Oumaima Outani, Mahjouba Boutarbouch, Armin Gretschel, Pradhumna Yadav, Balgopal Karmacharya, Fatih Incekara, Hugo den Boogert, Buccket Argvoello Lopez, Hassane Ali Amadou, Danjuma Sale, Sanusi Bello, Poluyi Edward, Alvan-Emeka Ukachukwu, Evaristus Nwaribe, Ikechukwu Aniaku, Aliyu Baba Ndajiwo, Olabamidele Ayodele, Gyang Markus Bot, Sunday David Ndubuisu Achebe, Bakht Jamal, Muhammad Tariq, Ghulam Farooq, Danyal Zaman Khan, Ahtesham Khizar, Zahid Hussain, Anisa Nazir, Marco Gonzales-Portillo, Jhosep Silvestre Bautista, Roland A. Torres, Abigail Javier-Lizan, Isagani Jodl G. de los Santos, Jr., Nuno Morais, Lydia Dias, Carolina Noronha, Jovelo Monteiro Silva, Alexandra Seromenho-Santos, Kiril Lozanche, Ionut Negoi, Alexandru Tascu, Danil A. Kozyrev, Dr. Menelas Nkeshimana, Claire Karekezi, Marcel Didier Ndayishyigikiye, Faisal Alabbass, Faisal Farrash, Rawan Alhazmi, Jagos Golubovic, Milan Lepifá, Rosanda Ilifá, Aleksandar Stanimirovifá, Sergio Garcia-Garcia, Carlos A. Rodriguez Arias, Ruth Lau, Juan Delgado-Fernandez, Miguel A. Arraez, C. Fernandez Mateos, Ana M. Castano Leon, Saman Wadanamby, David Bervini, Hamisi K. Shabani, Kriengsak Limpastan, Khalil Ayadi, Altay Sencer, Ali Yalcinkaya, Elif Eren, Recep Basaran, Abdulkerim Gokoglu, Vyval Mykola, Felicita Tayong, Mario Zuccarello, Carolyn Quinsey, Michael C. Dewan, Paul H. Young, Edward Laws, Jack Rock, David B. Kurland, Carrie R. Muh, Eri Dario Delgado Aguilar, Kenneth Burns, Jacob Low, Conor Keogh, Chris Uff, Alfio Spina, and Fayez Alelyani

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Background: Neurosurgical task shifting and task sharing (TS/S), delegating clinical care to non-neurosurgeons, is ongoing in many hospital systems in which neurosurgeons are scarce. Although TS/S can increase access to treatment, it remains highly controversial. This survey investigated perceptions of neurosurgical TS/S to elucidate whether it is a permissible temporary solution to the global workforce deficit. Methods: The survey was distributed to a convenience sample of individuals providing neurosurgical care. A digital survey link was distributed through electronic mailing lists of continental neurosurgical societies and various collectives, conference announcements, and social media platforms (July 2018–January 2019). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and univariate regression of Likert Scale scores. Results: Survey respondents represented 105 of 194 World Health Organization member countries (54.1%; 391 respondents, 162 from high-income countries and 229 from low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]). The most agreed on statement was that task sharing is preferred to task shifting. There was broad consensus that both task shifting and task sharing should require competency-based evaluation, standardized training endorsed by governing organizations, and maintenance of certification. When perspectives were stratified by income class, LMICs were significantly more likely to agree that task shifting is professionally disruptive to traditional training, task sharing should be a priority where human resources are scarce, and to call for additional TS/S regulation, such as certification and formal consultation with a neurosurgeon (in person or electronic/telemedicine). Conclusions: Both LMIC and high-income countries agreed that task sharing should be prioritized over task shifting and that additional recommendations and regulations could enhance care. These data invite future discussions on policy and training programs. Key words: Global health, Global neurosurgery, LMIC, Neurotrauma, Task sharing, Task shifting, Workforce

Published
2020
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4. Tablets at the bedside - iPad-based visual field test used in the diagnosis of Intrasellar Haemangiopericytoma: a case report

Author

Nisha Nesaratnam, Peter B. M. Thomas, Ramez Kirollos, Algis J. Vingrys, George Y. X. Kong, and Keith R. Martin

Subjects
Melbourne rapid field (MRF), Intrasellar haemangiopericytoma, Bitemporal hemianopia, Translational technology, Case report, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Abstract Background In the assessment of a pituitary mass, objective visual field testing represents a valuable means of evaluating mass effect, and thus in deciding whether surgical management is warranted. Case presentation In this vignette, we describe a 73 year-old lady who presented with a three-week history of frontal headache, and ‘blurriness’ in the left side of her vision, due to a WHO grade III anaplastic haemangiopericytoma compressing the optic chiasm. We report how timely investigations, including an iPad-based visual field test (Melbourne Rapid Field, (MRF)) conducted at the bedside aided swift and appropriate management of the patient. Conclusions We envisage such a test having a role in assessing bed-bound patients in hospital where access to formal visual field testing is difficult, or indeed in rapid testing of visual fields at the bedside to screen for post-operative complications, such as haematoma.

Published
2017
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9. Key Illustrative Cases

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Abdullah Al-Haddad, and Peter Alwyn Bodkin

Published
2023

10. Landmark Publications

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Abdullah Al-Haddad, and Peter Alwyn Bodkin

Published
2023

12. How to Succeed

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Abdullah Al-Haddad, and Peter Alwyn Bodkin

Published
2023

13. Key Terms

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Abdullah Al-Haddad, and Peter Alwyn Bodkin

Published
2023

14. Neurosurgery

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Abdullah Al-Haddad, and Peter Alwyn Bodkin

Published
2023

16. Neurosurgery : The Essential Guide to the Oral and Clinical Neurosurgical Exam

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Abdullah Al-Haddad, Peter Alwyn Bodkin, Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Abdullah Al-Haddad, and Peter Alwyn Bodkin

Subjects
Nervous system--Surgery--Examinations--Study guides, Nervous system--Surgery--Examinations, questions, etc
Abstract

This new edition of Neurosurgery: The Essential Guide to the Oral and Clinical Neurosurgical Exam provides a concise and practical guidebook of the core knowledge and principles for the International and Intercollegiate FRCS Specialty Examination in Neurosurgery. It is a vital resource for the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) and other neurosurgical examinations around the world. Written by neurosurgeons at the top of their field and based on new guidelines, this book takes students through how to succeed in the FRCS neurosurgery exams and provides an overview of crucial short and intermediate cases designed to mirror the exam's testing of a candidate's clinical knowledge, diagnostic acumen, investigation and interpretation, treatment options and taking consent. Including 72 vital online revision flash cards, covering critical and diverse examination cases from trauma to paediatric spine exams, this edition also contains crucial guidance to Vivas on the following: Operative surgery and surgical anatomy Investigation of the neurosurgical patient The non-operative clinical practice of neurosurgery This book is a must-read for candidates preparing for the final Intercollegiate Specialty Examination in Neurosurgery (UK), International FRCS Specialty Examination in Neurosurgery (UK) International FRCS Specialty Examination in Neurosurgery as well as the American, Canadian, European and Australasian exams. In addition to helping candidates pass their final exams, the book provides wonderful insight into Neurosurgery for Medical Students, Surgical Residents and Neurosurgical Consultants.

Published
2023

17. Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery

Author

Ramez Kirollos, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, Peter Hutchinson, Ramez Kirollos, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, and Peter Hutchinson

Subjects
Nervous system--Surgery
Abstract

Neurosurgery is a rapidly developing and technically demanding branch of surgery that requires a detailed knowledge of the basic neuro-sciences and a thorough clinical approach. The Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery is an up-to-date, objective and readable text that covers the full scope of neurosurgical practice. It is part of the Oxford Textbooks in Surgery series, edited by Professor Sir Peter Morris. The book is split into 20 overarching sections (Principles of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology of Intrinsic Tumours; Extra-axial Tumours and Skull Lesions; Cerebro-Pontine Angle Tumours; Sellar and Supra-Sellar Tumours; Posterior Fossa Tumours; Pineal tumours; Uncommon Tumours and Tumour Syndromes; Neurotrauma and Intensive Care; Vascular Neurosurgery; Principles of Spinal Surgery; Spinal Pathology; Spinal Trauma; Peripheral Nerve Surgery; Functional Neurosurgery; Epilepsy; Paediatric Neurosurgery; Neurosurgery for Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders and Neurosurgical Infection). Each section takes a dual approach with,'Generic Surgical Management'chapters that focus on specific clinical problems facing the neurosurgeon (e.g. sellar/supra-sellar tumour, Intradural Spina Tumours etc.) and'Pathology-Specific'chapters (e.g. Glioma, Meningeal Tumours, Scoliosis and Spinal Deformity, Aneurysm etc.). Where appropriate, this division provides the reader with easily accessible information for both clinical problems which present in a regional fashion and specific pathologies. The generic chapters cover aspects such as operative approaches, neuroanatomy and nuances. Specifically each chapter in the book incorporates several strands. Firstly the fundamental neuroscience (anatomy, pathology, genetics etc.) that underlies the clinical practice. Secondly, a review of the requisite clinical investigations (e.g. angiography, electrodiagnostics, radiology). Thirdly, a thorough evidence based review of clinical practice. Following this a consideration of the key debates and controversies in the field with'pro-'and'con-'sections (e.g. minimally invasive spine surgery, microsurgical treatment of aneurysms) is provided. A summary of the key papers and clinical scales relevant to neurosurgery form the concluding part. The book is a'one-stop'text for trainees and consultants in neurosurgery, residents, those preparing for sub-specialty exams and other professionals allied to surgery who need to gain an understanding of the field. It acts as both a point of reference to provide a focussed refresher for the experienced neurosurgeon as well as a trusted training resource.

Published
2019

18. Neurosurgery : The Essential Guide to the Oral and Clinical Neurosurgical Exam

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Al-Haddad, Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, and Syed Al-Haddad

Subjects
Nervous system--Surgery--Examinations, questions, etc, Nervous system--Surgery--Examinations--Study guides
Abstract

Neurosurgery: The Essential Guide to the Oral and Clinical Neurosurgical Examination is the first book of its kind to cover the International and Intercollegiate FRCS Specialty Examination in Neurosurgery. It will also help you prepare for the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) examination and other neurosurgical examinations around the

Published
2014

19. How to plan for specific scenarios

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, and Syed Al-Haddad

Subjects
Computer science, Operations management, Plan (drawing)
Published
2014

20. Neurosurgery

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, and Syed Al-Haddad

Published
2014

24. Key terms

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, and Syed Al-Haddad

Published
2014

25. Long and short cases

Author

Ramez Kirollos, Vivian A. Elwell, and Syed Al-Haddad

Published
2014

26. The viva: operative surgery and surgical anatomy

Author

Vivian A. Elwell, Syed Al-Haddad, and Ramez Kirollos

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Surgical anatomy, business.industry, General surgery, medicine, Operative surgery, business
Published
2014

27. Neurosurgery cases

Author

Jane Sturgess and Ramez Kirollos

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Perioperative nursing, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Anti emesis, Post operative care, Surgery, Endocrine surgery, Anesthesia, Intensive care, Perioperative care, medicine, Intubation, Neurosurgery, business
Published
2014

28. A 5-year study of the outcome of surgically treated depressed skull fractures

Author

Syed A, Al-Haddad and Ramez, Kirollos

Subjects
Adult, Male, Skull Fracture, Depressed, Epilepsy, Adolescent, Infant, Middle Aged, Neurosurgical Procedures, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Age Distribution, Treatment Outcome, Debridement, Child, Preschool, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Child, Research Article
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Many changes and improvement have taken place in the management of head injured patients in the last 20 years. There have been few recent studies analysing the overall outcomes including early complications of depressed skull fractures. The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine the factors influencing the surgical outcome of patients with depressed skull fractures. METHODS: We reviewed case notes of 73 consecutive surgically treated depressed skull fractures during the period from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1998 admitted to the Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool. RESULTS: There was a male preponderance of 9:1. Alleged assault was the most common cause of depressed skull fractures followed by road traffic accidents. Postoperative infection rate was 8.2%. More than 80% of patients received prophylactic antibiotics. We failed to show any statistically significant association between the use of antibiotics and reduction of the rate of infection. However, prevalence of infection was significantly associated with brain contusion, low GCS score and dural tear (P < 0.05). Prevalence of early post-traumatic epilepsy was 12.3%. No patients received prophylactic anticonvulsants. There was no significant association between dural tear and prevalence of post-traumatic epilepsy. Mortality rate was 1.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric populations have better outcome; 7 out of 10 patients in this series progressed to full recovery. Use of prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce the infection rate. Presence of dural tear was not associated with an increase risk of post-traumatic epilepsy.

Published
2002

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