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Bu araştırmanın amacı, sulanabilir tarım alanlarında, hububat hasatından sonra (Temmuz-Ekim) ikinci ürün kaba yem veya yeşil gübre bitkisi olarak değerlendirilen bazı baklagil yem bitkilerinin kendinden sonra gelen ve kaba yem amacıyla yetiştirilen yulaf bitkisinin verimine etkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırma 2019-2020 ve 2020-2021 yıllarında Konya-Seydişehir İlçesi sulu şartlarda çiftçi tarlasında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada baklagil yeşil gübre/kaba yem bitkisi materyali olarak yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.), soya fasulyesi (Glycine max. L.), tüylü fiğ (Vicia villosa Roth.), adi fiğ (Vicia sativum L.) ve çemen (Trigonella foenum-graecum L), takip eden bitki olarak ise buğdaygiller familyasına ait olan yulaf (Avena sativa L.) kullanılmıştır. Her iki uygulamada da takip eden yulaf bitkisinde verim açısından kontrole (arazinin boş bırakılması) kıyasla yüksek değerler elde edilmiştir. Takip eden bitkide incelenen özelliklerden ham protein oranı hariç diğer özellikler arasında istatistiki olarak baklagil bitkileri açısından önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre yulafta en yüksek verim değerleri adi fiğ ve yem bezelyesinin her iki uygulamasından sonra yetiştirilen yulaf bitkisinde kaydedilmiştir.

Forage kochia, a naturally growing and semi-shrub in Türkiye's flora, tolerates adverse soil and climatic conditions. In the research, the morphological and yield values ​​of the forage kochia populations collected from 5 different locations in Konya were examined during 2018–2019. According to morphological and yield values, we determined 80 plants, 76 plants with excellent yield potential, and four outgroup plants for molecular studies. A total of 250 polymorphic fragments were obtained from these 80 plants. In our study, the average PIC value was 0.322, and the mean MI value was 8.99. Genetic diversity parameters of the populations were obtained using the GenAlEx program, and it was found that the mean He was 0.209, and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 81.20%. According to the results of AMOVA, among-population variation was 9%, while within-population variation was 91%. The dendrogram obtained as a result of the study determined that the genetic distance between plants varied between 0.63 and 0.90. According to the similarity index used in the study, it was stated that there was a high degree of similarity (90%) between 3212 and 5419 coded plants. Furthermore, it was noted that the markers related with plant height were associated with canopy diameter, number of main branches, and leaf color. The results show us that these populations are a treasured gene resource for plant breeding.

Aim: Description of patient characteristics, effectiveness and safety in Turkish patients treated with pazopanib for metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Patients and methods: This multicenter study is based on retrospective review of hospital medical records of patients (≥ 18 years) treated with pazopanib for non-adipocytic metastatic STS at 37 Oncology clinics across Turkey. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated with further analysis of data on the three most common histological subtypes (leiomyosarcoma [LMS], undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma [UPS], synovial sarcoma [SS]) in the cohort. Results: Data of 552 adults (57.6% women, median age: 52 years) were analyzed. DCR and ORR were 43.1% and 30.8%, respectively. Median PFS was 6.7 months and OS was 13.8 months. For LMS, UPS and SS, median PFSs were 6.1, 5.9 and 7.53 months and median OSs were 15.03, 12.87 and 12.27 months, respectively. ECOG ≥ 2 was associated with poor PFS and OS. Liver metastasis was only a factor for progression. Second-line use of pazopanib (vs. front-line) was associated with better PFS, its use beyond third line predicted worse OS. Adverse events (AE) occurred in 82.7% of patients. Most common AEs were fatigue (58.3%) and anorexia (52.3%) which were graded as ≥ 3 in 8.2% and 7.4% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Pazopanib is effective and well-tolerated in treatment of non-adipocytic metastatic STS. Its earlier use (at second-line), good performance status may result in better outcomes. Worldwide scientific collaborations are important to gain knowledge on rarer STS subtypes by conducting studies in larger patient populations.

Around the world in every single country rangeland considers the first animals feed source. Many years ago these sources contributing, supplying and securing animals' feed, besides of, its environmental benefits. Due to misused or unwise utilization; rangeland characters and features facing tremendous changes and degradation. Therefore, management sound and wise plans should be arising to protect, improve and develop its characters sustainably. Undoubtedly, rangeland managers and environmental activists must their mandate and task be in these trends. Rangeland's management and monitoring are based on the evaluation of vegetation attributes (cover, species frequency, species composition, plant density, and carrying capacity). To estimate these attributes their are so many techniques and approaches designed for this purposes. However, the application and selection of suitable methods depend on rangeland characters and vegetation types. Each of those methods has a special considerations. According to this and vegetation features it is being selected. Therefore, this paper is introducing and focusing on the most common using rangeland vegetation attributes sampling methods. That will help young scientists and rangeland managers to pursue their work easily.

Günümüzde değişen iklim şartlarına adapte olabilecek potansiyele sahip olan yabani rokanın (D. tenuifolia (L.) DC), sebze, tıbbi bitki, yağ bitkisi, yem bitkisi olarak kullanımı söz konusudur. Ayrıca sahip olduğu bitkisel özellikleri ile su erozyonu olan bölgelerde hızlı bitki örtüsü geliştirerek toprak ve su korumasında faydalanabileceğimiz bitki türlerindendir. Hızla değişen iklim şartlarında, sürdürülebilir bir tarımı sağlayabilecek bitkilerin ıslahının daha kısa sürede yapılabilmesi için verim ile arasında ilişki bulunan özelliklerin tespit edilmesi gerekir. Bu sebeple, bu çalışmada 2015-2016 yıllarında Konya şartlarında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak üç farklı sıra arlığında yabani roka yem bitkisi olarak kullanım amacıyla yetiştirilmiştir. Araştırmamızda, farklı sıra aralığında yetiştirilen bitkilerin 2016 yılındaki ham protein oranı, verimi ve protein verimi ile bitkisel özellikler ve besin elementleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada bitki başına en yüksek protein verimi, 30 ve 40 cm sıra aralığından sırasıyla 1.82 g ve 1.96 g olup istatistiki olarak bu değerler aynı grupta yer almaktadır. Araştırmada en yüksek protein verimi 30 cm sıra aralığında 404.42 kg ha-1 elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmada incelenen özellikler arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak amacıyla yapılan path model sonucuna göre, farklı sıra aralığında yetiştirilen yabani rokaların bitki başına protein verimi, protein verimi varyasyonun % 37’si tek başına açıklamaktadır. Dahası, bitki başına yem verimi, bitki boyu ve ham protein oranı birlikte bitki başına protein verimi varyasyonun % 97.6’sını açıklamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, yüksek protein verimine sahip kaba yem elde etmek amacıyla yapılacak yetiştiriciliklerde 30 cm ve 40 cm sıra aralığı tavsiye edilebilir. Bununla birlikte, yem bitkisi amacı ile geliştirilecek tiplerin seçiminde ise kriter olarak bitki başına yem verimi, bitki boyu, kanopi çapı ve ham protein oranı özellikleri üzerinde durulması gerektiğini ifade edebiliriz., The wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC), which has adapted to changing climate conditions, uses vegetables, oil, medicinal, and forage crops. Furthermore, the species is one of the plants that are benefited from soil and water conservation by rapidly developing vegetation in areas with water erosion having botanical properties. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the characteristics related to the yield to the practical plant breeding in plants providing sustainable agriculture in a rapidly changing climate. For this reason, in this research, the wild rocket was grown for use as a fodder crop at three-row spacing according to Randomized Complete Block Design with three replication during 2015-2016 in Konya conditions. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between crude protein, yield, protein yield, botanical properties, and nutrient content of plants grown in different row spacing in 2016. 30 cm and 40 cm row spacing, 1.82 g, and 1.96 g, respectively, had the maximum protein yield per plant; these values were statistically in the same group. In research, we obtained the highest protein yield from 30 cm row spacing with 404.42 kg ha-1. Moreover, the protein yield per plant of wild rocket grown at different row spacing individually explained 37% of the protein yield’s variation as the result of the path model clarifying the relationship between traits investigated in the search. Also, the plant fodder yield per plant, plant height, and crude protein explained 97.6% of the protein yield’s variation. Consequently, 30 cm and 40 cm row spacing are suggested in farming for obtaining roughage with high protein yield. However, we can state that the plant fodder yield per plant, plant height, canopy diameter and crude protein should be considered as selection criteria for the selection of types for developed forage crops.

INVESTIGATIONS ON FORAGE YIELD OF OAT GENOTYTPES UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF KONYA

Su sertliği; özellikle içme suları, endüstri suları ve hizmet suyu alanlarında kullanım hususunda önemli bir kalite özelliğidir. Kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg) ve bikarbonat (HCO3) tuzları ile suyun geçici sertliği; klor (CL), fosfat (PO43), nitrat (NO3), sülfat (SO4) ve silikat tuzlarıyla da suyun kalıcı sertliği oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, Fırat Havzası üzerinde bulunan 2119 nolu Kemahboğazı akım gözlem istasyonu (AGİ) için Anfis modelleri ile su sertliğinin tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Na, K, CO3, HCO3, CL, SO4, EC, sıcaklık (T), pH ve su miktarı (SM) verileri girdi olarak kullanılmıştır. Ancak modeller oluşturulurken parametre sayısının fazla olması kurulacak Anfis modellerinin sayısını arttırmakta ve bu modeller içerisinden en iyi modeli seçmeyi de zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu zorluğun üstesinden gelebilmek için Anfis modellerinde kullanılacak etkili parametrelerin belirlenebilmesi için çoklu regresyon modeli kurulmuştur. Oluşturulan çoklu regresyon modeline her parametre sırası ile eklenerek Düzeltilmiş R² değerlerindeki değişmeler gözlemlenerek Anfis modelinde kullanılacak etkili parametreler belirlenmiştir. Çoklu regresyon sonucu girdi parametrelerinin CL, EC, HCO3 ve SO4 olarak seçilmesine karar verilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında bu parametrelerin farklı kombinasyon ve alt küme sayıları ile Anfis modellemeleri oluşturulmuştur. Tüm sonuçlar eğitim ve test verileri için R², ağırlıklı karesel hata ve Wilcoxon testi değerleri belirlenmiş ve su sertliğinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek modeller gösterilmiştir., Water hardness; It is an important quality feature especially for use in drinking water, industrial water and service water areas. Temporary hardness of water occurs with calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and bicarbonate (HCO3) salts; Permanent hardness of water occurs with chlorine (CL), phosphate (PO43), nitrate (NO3), sulfate (SO4) and silicate salts. In this study, it is aimed to predict water hardness with Anfis models for Kemahboğazı flow observation station (AGI) no 2119 on the Euphrates Basin. For this purpose, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, CL, SO4, EC, temperature (T), pH and water content (SM) data were used as inputs. However, when the models are created, the high number of parameters increases the number of Anfis models to be installed and makes it difficult to choose the best model among these models. In order to overcome this difficulty, a multiple regression model was established to determine the effective parameters to be used in the Anfis models. The effective parameters to be used in the Anfis model were determined by observing the changes in the adjusted R² values by adding each parameter to the created multiple regression model in order. As a result of multiple regression, it was decided to choose the input parameters as CL, EC, HCO3 and SO4. In the second part of the study, Anfis models were created with different combinations and subset numbers of these parameters. R², weighted square error and Wilcoxon test values were determined for all results, training and test data, and models that can be used to determine water hardness are shown.

Aim of the present research was evaluation of growing some legume forage crops as second crop following to cereal harvest under irrigated conditions. Field trial was realized under Seydişehir Town – Konya City / Turkey ecological conditions for 2 years during the both vegetation periods of 2019-2020 years by 4 replications according to randomized blocks design. As material; forage pea (Pisum sativum L.), soybean (Glycine max. L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), common vetch (Vicia sativum L.), and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were used. According to the results of the research, statistically significant differences were found for plant height and green herbage yield as mean of the years. The obtained data also showed that the highest plant height and green herbage yield were taken from forage pea and common vetch. Additionally, plant height was between 126.76-117.94 cm values for pea and common vetch, while green herbage yield was 3085.50-1 and 2788.63 kg da-1 for pea and common vetch, respectively. Consequently, legume forage crops as second crop following to the harvest of cereals may be successfully grown under irrigated conditions.

Perioperative FLOT regimen is a standard of care in locally advanced operable gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma. We aimed to determine the efficacy, prognostic factors of perioperative FLOT chemotherapy in real-life gastric and GEJ tumors.The data of patients who were treated with perioperative FLOT chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed from 34 different oncology centers in Turkey. Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, pretreatment laboratory values, histological and molecular characteristics were recorded.A total of 441 patients were included in the study. The median of age our study population was 60 years. The majority of patients with radiological staging were cT3-4N(+) (89.9%, n = 338). After median 13.5 months (IQR: 8.5-20.5) follow-up, the median overall survival was NR (95% CI, NR to NR), and median disease free survival was 22.9 (95% CI, 18.6 to 27.3) months. The estimated overall survival at 24 months was 62%. Complete pathological response (pCR) and near pCR was achieved in 23.8% of all patients. Patients with lower NLR or PLR have significantly longer median OS (p = 0.007 and p = 0.033, respectively), and patients with lower NLR have significantly longer median DFS (p = 0.039), but PLR level did not affect DFS (p = 0.062). The OS and DFS of patients with better ECOG performance scores and those who could receive FLOT as adjuvant chemotherapy instead of other regimens were found to be better. NLR was found to be independent prognostic factor for OS in the multivariant analysis. At least one adverse event reported in 57.6% of the patients and grade 3-4 toxicity was seen in 23.6% patients.Real-life perioperative FLOT regimen in operable gastric and GEJ tumors showed similar oncologic outcomes compared to clinical trials. Better performance status, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy as same regimen, low grade and low NLR and PLR improved outcomes in real-life. However, in multivariate analysis, only NLR affected OS.

Objective:Unlike left testicular vein, right testicular vein drains into inferior vena cava. Consequently, the systemic spread of testicular cancers in each side is expected to differ based on the vascular structures of the right and left testis. In this study, we investigated the effect of tumour localization on survival of nonseminomatous testicular cancer patients.Materials and Methods:We included three hundred and twenty-one (321) non-seminomatous testicular cancer patients who were followed-up at Gülhane Training and Research Hospital between January 1981 and December 2015.Results:The primary tumour found in the left testis in 152 (47.2%) patients, while 170 (52.8%) patients had the primary tumour in the right testis. The lungs (n=62, 42.5%) was the most common site of metastasis. During follow-up and primary treatment, 74 (23.1%) patients had recurrence, which was common in retroperitoneal lymph nodes (10.3%) and lung (5%). Median follow-up period was 88.3 (range: 1-386) months, while median survival was 337 months in all cases. Median 10 year survival rate was 74.1%, while median 20 year survival rate was 70.7%. We found that survival of patients with the primary tumour was significantly different between the left and right testis (337.6 months vs denotes not reached, p=0.001). The recurrence rate was significantly higher (84.7% vs 68.2%; p=0.002) in patients with right testicular tumour when compared to patients with left testicular tumour.Conclusion:The survival of the patients with tumour localized in the right testis was higher than patients with tumour localized in the left testis.

To determine the survival endpoints and treatment-related adverse events after the use of the gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and oxaliplatin (GemPOx) protocol in relapsed/refractory germ cell tumours (GCTs) who had previously received multi-line systemic treatments including high-dose chemotherapy.Observational study.Clinic of Medical Oncology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, between January 2017 and August 2021.Clinical characteristics of adult patients with relapsed/refractory GCTs treated with the GemPOx protocol were recorded from the hospital's patient registry database. Patients without a medical record were not included in the study. Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), one-year PFS rate, one-year OS rate, and treatment-related haematological side effects were determined after GemPOx.Fifty-three adult patients were included (47 of them were male). Seventy-eight percent had Stage 3 at initial diagnosis. Twenty-four percent of the patients received more than four lines of systemic chemotherapy. Ninety-six percent of the patients received high-dose chemotherapy prior to GemPOx. ORR, which is the sum of the complete and partial response rates, was 69.8%. PFS was determined as 8.5 ± 5.4 months. The one-year PFS rate was 30.3%. OS was 15.9 ± 10.6 months. The one-year OS rate was 72.6%. Febrile neutropenia was observed in 15.1% of the patients.In patients with relapsed/refractory GCTs receiving multi-line systemic chemotherapy, significant PFS and OS are achievable, and a manageable spectrum of haematological side effects is observed with GemPOx.Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel, Oxaliplatin, Germ cell tumour.

Dust transport is important for ecosystems (land, marine ecosystems) and human activities in the World. The main causes of dust transportation are drought and desertification. Negative effects of transported dust on plants; when the dust particles that are deposited on the plants cover the surface of the leaves, they can prevent the vital functions of plants such as photosynthesis and transpiration. It is stated that it can be caused by the feeds/fodders that are affected by them and by the licking of the body hair that holds them rather than not direct effects of dust or air pollutants damage to the animals in natural pasture areas. Naturally, this causes decreases in animal welfare and productivity. In addition, dusts make the administration of animals difficult.

This study investigated the acaricidal and insecticidal effect of local lupin seed extract against Tetranychus urticae Koch, Callosobruchus maculatus F., Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) and metabolite content of seeds. In tests for T. urticae were employed the leaf-disk bioassay. Two μl of the L.albus extract using a micro-applicator were topically applied using a micro-applicator on C. maculatus and P. interpunctella. In the assays of T. urticae , the concentrations of 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12, 1.56, 0.78 % (w/w) of the plant extracts were used. Furthermore, the concentrations of 10, 5, 2.50, 1.25, 0.625% (w/w) were applied to P. interpunctella and C. maculatus . Mortality data was collected 24, 48 and 72 hours after application . L. albus extract was found to be quite effective to T. urticae adults with the death rate of 98% mortality in 48 hours and at 12.5% concentrations. The mortality rate (%64) of P. interpunctella larvae were found for the highest value at 72 hours and at 25% concentration. The mortality rate values of C. maculatus adults from L. albus extract at 72 hours were 96, 96 and 100% .at concentrations of %2.5, 5 and 10 %, respectively. In seeds were detected metabolite content, which 686.99 mg GAE / 100 mg total phenol, 22.06 mg QE / 100 mg total flavonoid, DPPH 26.04 mg TE / 100 g antioxidant activity. The toxic effect and bitterness of the plant is due to its high secondary metabolites content. Results indicated that Lupin seed extract had the high toxic effect on T. urticae and C. maculatus.

Purpose: Taxane-containing combinations are recommended for the first-line therapy of advanced gastric cancer. It is not known which chemotherapy regimen is the best with trastuzumab for HER2-positive patients. The aim of this study was to compare taxane-containing intensified chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab in the first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: This study is a retrospective multicenter study of the Turkish Oncology Group. A total of 130 HER2-positive patients with inoperable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma being given chemotherapy plus trastuzumab as the first-line treatment were included from 16 different oncology centers. Trastuzumab combination with intensified chemotherapy including taxane or standard chemotherapy was compared in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Results: There were 108 patients in the standard and 22 patients in the intensified chemotherapy group. PFS of the standard and intensified group were 5.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8–6.4) and 5.3 months (95% CI 2.6–8), respectively ( p = 0.70). OS of the standard and intensified group were 11.1 months (95% CI 8.3–13.9) and 15.2 months (95% CI 12.7–17.7), respectively ( p = 0.03). Repeated analysis excluding patients given any previous therapy revealed similar results. The intensified group had more fever and febrile neutropenia. Conclusion: Trastuzumab combination with intensified chemotherapy provides better OS in first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Further large-scale studies should be performed in HER2-positive patients.

Forage kochia, a subshrub forage plant, grows naturally in the pastures of dry areas in Turkey. Their seeds grow slowly in nature, and being short duration of seed viability could be caused by limitations on the cultivation of forage kochia in Turkey. Forage kochia seedlings can be produced serially quickly with cutting propagation as vegetation propagation method. Therefore, forage kochia cuttings were exposed to 12 different IBA concentrations (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 10000, and 15000 mg kg-1) at four holding times (5, 30, 180, and 900 s) in this research carried out Completely Randomized Design in the greenhouse. We investigated the percentage of rooting, the number of the root, shoot and root length, shoot and root weight, dry root weight, and leave yellowing of these cutting. The best developments in the percentage of rooting (100%), number of roots (> 7), shoot length (> 20 cm), root length (>10 cm), root weight (>0.60 g), dry root weight (>0.1 g) and leave yellowing (score >1.60) were obtained from 500 mg kg-1 IBA at 900 s, 5000 mg kg-1 IBA at 180 s, and 10000 mg kg-1 IBA at 5 s interactions. As a result, we advised 500 mg kg-1 IBA at 900 s, 5000 mg kg-1 IBA at 180 s and 10000 mg kg-1 IBA at 5 s for the quick and economically cutting propagation of forage kochia., Yarı çalı bir yem bitkisi olan bozkır otu, Türkiye’nin kurak alanlarındaki meralarda doğal olarak yetişmektedir. Bozkır otunun doğada tohum ile büyümesi çok yavaş ve tohum canlılığı süresinin kısa olması ülkemizde bozkır otu tarımında kısıtlamaya neden olmaktadır. Vejetatif çoğaltma yöntemi olarak çelikle çoğaltma ile bozkır otu fidesi daha kısa sürede seri bir şekilde üretilebilir. Bu sebeple, Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Desenine göre serada yürütülen bu çalışmada 4 adet sürede (5, 30, 180 ve 900 s) ve 12 farklı IBA konsantrasyonlarına (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 10000 ve 15000 mg kg-1) bozkır otu çelikleri maruz bırakıldı. Bu çeliklerin köklenme yüzdesi, kök sayısı, fide ve kök uzunluğu, yaş fide ve kök ağırlığı, kuru kök ağırlığı ve yaprak sararması incelenmiştir. Çeliklerde köklenme yüzdesi (%100), kök sayısı (>7 adet), fide uzunluğu (>20 cm), kök uzunluğu (>10 cm), kök ağırlığı (>0.60 g), kuru kök ağırlığı (>0.1 g) ve yaprak sararması (Skor >1.60) açısından en iyi gelişim 900 saniyede 500 mg kg-1 IBA, 180 saniyede 5.000 mg kg-1 IBA ve 5 saniyede 10.000 mg kg-1 IBA konsantrasyonlarından elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bozkır otunun ekonomik ve hızlı bir şekilde çelikle çoğaltılması için 900 saniyede 500 mg kg-1 IBA, 180 saniyede 5.000 mg kg-1 IBA ve 5 saniyede 10.000 mg kg-1 IBA konsantrasyonları önerilmektedir.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial chronic disease, in which patients need to be treated with insulin in some conditions. Capillary growth is regulated by growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endogenous inhibitors such as the splice variant of VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1). We aimed to show the levels and the clinical significance of VEGF, sVEGFR-1 in patients with DM on insulin treatment. Materials and methods A total of 83 subjects consisting of patients with the diagnosis of DM (n=47) and healthy control (n=36) were included the study. Plasma levels of VEGF and sVEGFR-1, were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results The average sVEGFR-1 levels of DM group was significantly higher than the control group (0.106±0.052 and 0.073±0.049, respectively; p=0.005). Significantly lower sVEGFR-1 levels were determined in patients receiving metformin vs. without metformin using (0.065±0.016 and 0.118±0.053, respectively; p=0.001). Conclusion This is the first study evaluating and demonstrating the importance of plasma VEGF and sVEGFR-1 levels together in DM patients receiving insulin. Using metformin may have positive effect on angiogenesis in DM. Further studies are required to understand these effects.

Objective In this study, our aim was to investigate the clinical significance of VEGF, sVEGFR-1 in HFpEF patients. Materials and methods Seventy-two participants enrolled in this cross-sectional case-control study including HFpEF patients (n=41) and healthy (n=31) subjects. Blood samples were collected and serum VEGF, sVEGFR-1 analysis, and transthoracic echocardiography were performed. Results and discussion The average sVEGFR-1 level of HFpEF patient group was significantly higher than the control group (respectively 0.136 ng/L (0.04–0.34), 0.06 ng/L (0.01–0.25); p Conclusion Our study is the first study demonstrating the relations among HFpEF, accompanying morbidities, VEGF and sVEGFR-1 levels. Statins and beta blockers may have positive effects on angiogenesis in HFrEF patients via increasing VEGF levels.

Purpose: In the ToGA trial for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer, cisplatin plus fluoropyrimidine was given for 6 cycles; trastuzumab was given until disease progression. However, there is a lack of real-life data about trastuzumab maintenance after 6 cycle chemotherapy. This study aims to present real-life data of trastuzumab ± capecitabine maintenance after 6 cycles of platinum, fluoropyrimidine, and trastuzumab in non-progressive patients. Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter study of the Turkish Oncology Group. A total of 35 HER2-positive, inoperable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma patients being non-progressive at the end of 6 cycle chemotherapy and being given trastuzumab ± capecitabine as maintenance treatment were included from sixteen oncology centers. Baseline characteristics, objective tumor responses, progression free and overall survival data, and toxicities were determined. Results: About 68% of the patients were given CF, and 32% were given FOLFOX with trastuzumab as the first-line treatment. The best response in 6 cycle chemotherapy was complete 8 (22%), partial 24 (68%), and stable disease 3 (8%). All patients had trastuzumab maintenance (median cycle 13; range 7–51), and 49% of the patients had capecitabine with trastuzumab (median capecitabine cycle 6; range 2–30). The median PFS of the patients was 12.0 months (95% CI 10.3–13.7), and median OS was 17.4 months (95% CI 15.2–19.5). There were 2 patients with grade 1 cardiotoxicity. Conclusion: Trastuzumab maintenance ± capecitabine after 6 cycles of trastuzumab plus combined chemotherapy treatment revealed efficacy and safety in non-progressive HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. © 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Purpose COVID-19 will continue to disrupt the diagnosis-treatment process of cancer patients. Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Hospital has been considered as a ‘non-pandemic’ center (‘clean’) in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. The other state hospitals that also take care of cancer patients in Ankara were defined as ‘pandemic’ centers. This study aimed to evaluate hospital admission changes and the precautionary measures in clean and pandemic centers during the pandemic. The effect of these measures and changes on COVID-19 spreading among cancer patients was also evaluated. Methods The patients admitted to the medical oncology follow-up, new diagnosis, or chemotherapy (CT) outpatient clinics during the first quarter of pandemic period (March 15–June 1, 2020) of each center were determined and compared with the admissions of the same frame of previous year (March 15–June 1, 2019). COVID-19 PCR test results in clean and pandemic centers were compared with each other. Telemedicine was preffered in the clean hospital to keep on follow-up of the cancer patients as ‘noninfected’. Results In the clean hospital, COVID-19-infected patients that needed to be hospitalized were referred to pandemic hospitals. COVID-19 test positivity rate was eight-fold higher for outpatient clinic admissions in pandemic hospitals (p < 0.001). The number of patients admitted new diagnosis outpatient clinics in both clean and pandemic hospitals decreased significantly during the pandemic compared with the previous year. Conclusion We consider that local strategic modifications and defining ‘clean’ hospital model during infectious pandemic may contribute to protect and treat cancer patients during pandemic.

Background: Immunotherapy improves overall survival (OS) in the second and later lines of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment. Recent studies have suggested that antibiotic (ATB) use either shortly before or after the start of immunotherapy could lead to decreased OS. Herein, we evaluate the impact of ATB use on OS in RCC patients treated with nivolumab in a multi-center cohort from Turkey. Methods: The data of 93 metastatic RCC patients treated with nivolumab in the second line or later were retrospectively collected from 6 oncology centers. Previous treatments, sites of metastases, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk classification, and ATB use in the three months before (-3) or three months after (+3) the start of immunotherapy were recorded together with survival data. The association of clinical factors with OS and progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed with univariate and multivariable analyses. Results: The median age was 61 (interquartile range 54-67), and 76.3% of the patients were male. The median OS of the cohort was 23.75 ± 4.41, and the PFS was 8.44 ± 1.61 months. Thirty-one (33.3%) patients used ATBs in the 3 months before (-3) or 3 months after (+3) nivolumab initiation. In the multivariable analyses, ATB exposure (HR: 2.306, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.155-4.601, P = 0.018) and the presence of brain metastases at the baseline (HR: 2.608, 95% CI: 1.200-5.666, P = 0.015) had a statistically significant association with OS, while ATB exposure was the only statistically significant parameter associated with PFS (HR: 2.238, 95% CI: 1.284-3.900, P = 0.004). Conclusion: In our study, patients with ATB exposure in the 3 months before or 3 months after the start of immunotherapy had shorter OS. Our findings further support meticulous risk–benefit assessments of prescribing ATBs for patients who are either receiving or are expected to receive immunotherapy. WOS:000723830400020 34130864 Q3

Introduction and aim To demonstrate the real-life data about patients who underwent AHSCT due to GCT. Methods Between November 2016 and April 2020, 64 patients who received CE as high-dose chemotherapy for AHSCT in the Gulhane Education and Research Hospital were included in the study. Sixty-one patients received one AHSCT with CE chemotherapy regimen. Survival data and clinical characteristics were evaluated retrospectively. Results The mean age of the patients were 31.9 ± 9 (min-max:18–55). With a median follow-up of 10.7 ± 8.7 months, the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 57.8%, and the 1-year overall survival rate was 77.5%. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) times were 21.5 ± 1.8 (95% CI: 14.5–33.4) and 20 ± 2 months, respectively. The response rate was 72%. There were three treatment-related deaths. Conclusion This sizeable single-centre study shows that patients with relapsed metastatic GCT are curable by CE as high dose chemotherapy plus AHSCT with reliable toxicity even for a single cycle.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether primary tumor localization may be a risk factor for relapse and survival in seminomatous germ cell tumors (GCT) patients.In our study, 612 seminomatous GCT patients diagnosed in 22 centers between 01.01.1989 and 03.02.2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Patient interview information, patient files and electronic system data were used for the study.The primary tumor was localized in the right testis in 305 (49.9%) patients and in 307 (50.1%) in the left testis. Mean age of the patients was 36 years (range 16-85±10.4). The median follow-up period was 47 months (1-298). Recurrence was observed in 78 (12.7%) patients and 29 (4.7%) died during the follow-up period. Four-year overall survival (OS) was 95.4% and 4-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 84.5%. The relationship between localization and relapse was significant in 197 patients with stage 2 and stage 3 (p=0.003). In this patient group, 41 (20.8%) relapses were observed. Thirty (73.2%) of the relapses were in the right testis and 11 (26.8%) in the left testis. Four-year OS was 92.1% in patients with right tumor; and 98.7% in patients with left tumor (p=0.007). When 612 patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 4 years, there was a 6.6% survival advantage in patients with left testicular tumor and this difference was significant (p=0.007).Survival rates of patients with primary right testicular localization were worse compared with left testicular localization, and relapse rates were higher in stage 2 and 3 patients with right testicular localization.

Testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid organ malignancy in 15 to 35 year-old men with 1% incidence among all malignancies. Sixty percent of patients with mild and poor-risk factors need additional treatments. Starting in 1980s, high dose chemotherapy regimens (HDCT) that were not applicable before due to hematological toxicity have been brought into use, and survival and cure possibility have increased. To date, no randomized trial has been conducted to demonstrate superiority of high-dose chemotherapy protocols used for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Our study aims to compare two commonly used HDCT regimens for a long period, with real-life data.Approval for thiss retrospective study was obtained from the ethics committee of Gülhane Training and Research Hospital. Fifty refractory testicular cancer patients above 18 years were treated with HDCT and ASCT at Gülhane Training and Research Hospital (January 2011-July 2018).Fifty metastatic, refractory testicular carcinoma patients with a median age of 34 were included in the study. Ninety per cent of the cases had stage III disease at diagnosis. Except for 8 patients (16%) at mild risk group, all the other patients were at high risk. CE was used as salvage treatment for half of the patients and ICE was used for the other half. Four patients responded completely and 30 responded partially to ASCT. Post transplantation median progression-free survival (PFS) was 22 months. Median overall survival (OS) in the general population was 223.4 months (76.1-370.7). Although there was a difference in OS between chemotherapy groups, the difference was not statistically significant. The mean duration of engraftment in patients treated with CE was 11.2 ± 2.3 days, while in patients receiving ICE it was 15.5 ± 2.1 days. This difference between chemotherapy groups was statistically significant (p0.001).

Aims: The addition of aflibercept to the fluorouracil and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) regimen significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) previously treated with oxaliplatin. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of second-line FOLFIRI and aflibercept combination in patients with metastatic CRC in real-life experience. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and thirty-three patients who treated with FOLFIRI and aflibercept in the second-line were included in the study. The clinical and pathological features of the patients were recorded retrospectively. Survival (overall and progression-free survival [PFS]), response rates, and safety data were analyzed. Results: The median age was 61. Majority of patients (87.5%) received first-line bevacizumab and 10.1% of patients received anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents. About 80% of patients had KRAS, 18.6% of patients had NRAS, and 6.4% of patients had BRAF mutations. The median OS was 11.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.6-12.6) and the median PFS was 6 months (95% CI, 5.5-6.5). About 4.6% of patients had complete response and 30.6% of patients had partial response as best tumor response. Grade 1-2 toxicities were seen in 33.4% of patients, while grade 3-4 toxicities were recorded in 27% of patients. Eight patients (2%) died due to treatment toxicity. Conclusions: Overall and PFS were similar in routine clinical practice compared to phase III pivotal VELOUR trial. However, response rates were found to be higher. It was observed that there were fewer adverse events compared to the VELOUR trial. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Due to recent increasing water demand, planning and projecting of water resources has resulted in increased costs. Therefore, it is important to obtain optimum results in project planning. In this study, dimensioning of open channels used especially for irrigation purposes has been studied using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to investigate optimum base width, channel height, and slope angles. The results are summarized in graphs and tables. In the study, it was found that the optimum slope angle varied between 0.2(0) (boolean OR) 0.45(0) . Furthermore, it was found that increasing the slope angle significantly increased costs. Finally, the increase in flow increases costs but the rate of increase diminishes.

İçme suyu ile kullanma suyunun temini, akarsulardaki kirlilik seviyesi ve baraj, bağlama gibi su yapılarının projelendirilmesi gibi çalışmalarda sediment miktarının tahmini çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Fırat Havzası üzerindeki Göynük Çayı, Murat Nehri ve Peri Suyu gibi nehirler sediment taşınımı konusunda irdelenmiştir. Bölgedeki istasyonlar için yapay sinir ağları (YSA) ve uyarlamalı ağ tabanlı bulanık çıkarım sistemi (ANFIS) gibi yöntemler denenmiştir. Bu üç istasyona ait uygulamalarda debi(Q), sediment(Qs), sıcaklık(T) ve yağış(P) verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Bu veriler ile üç istasyon için sediment tahmin modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan bu modeller hem eğitim hem de test aşamalarında regresyon katsayısı (R2) ve ortalama yüzde hatası (OYH) bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Regresyon katsayısı bakımından eğitim ve test aşamalarında en başarılı sonuç yapay sinir ağlarından elde edilmiştir. Ortalama yüzde hatası bakımından ise YSA ve ANFIS yöntemlerinden hem eğitim hem de test aşamalarında birbirlerine yakın sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.

The plant formation destroyed by giving way difficult conditions resulted from high evaporation, lack of rainfall in summer season developing depending on spring precipitation is known as steppe. The tree with short plant height or the bush species are run across more or less amount with these steppe sometimes. The steppe of the Turkey have got marvelous biodiversity. But also the areas to have the most genetic erosion and ecocide are these steppe rangelands. These rangelands are worthful and rich areas in terms of medicinal and aromatic plants like Astragalus sp ., Thymus sp., Salvia sp., etc. It’s have an importance about particularly the preservation of the steppe areas had local endemic plants. The secondary metabolite of medicinal and aromatic plants which are grown in these areas can be have various and richer content. There are a large number of medicinal and aromatic plants within plants which are determined in the vegetation survey. For this reason, these steppe rangeland should be prevented, and the medicinal and aromatic plants in there should be agricultural production.