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This research investigates the efficacy of integrated Pest management (IPM) techniques in cucumber cultivation, focusing at the utilization of natural control strategies to reduce pest-associated losses and improve crop productivity. No matter the growing emphasis on biological strategies, their adoption remains limited because of several challenges, including market pressures, regulatory hurdles, and pest resistance. But, through promoting awareness, expertise, and collaboration among organic and IPM communities, barriers to adoption may be overcome. The study underscores the importance of monetary useful resource for natural control and advocates for its integration into sustainable crop protection practices. Through a comparative evaluation of IPM and non-IPM farming processes, the studies highlight the fee implications and profitability of implementing biological control measures in cucumber production. Findings reveal that even as IPM farmers incur higher initial expenses, they reap advanced internet returns and benefit-cost ratios in comparison to non-IPM counterparts, demonstrating the monetary viability and sustainability of IPM strategies in cucumber farming.

This research delves into the multifaceted repercussions of climate change on ecosystems and communities, employing a comprehensive assessment of empirical statistics and scholarly literature. Through meticulous analysis, it reveals that biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological patterns, and shifts in species distribution are resulting in huge ecological transformations. Considerably, the study finds that global warming has led to a amazing 8,532-unit reduction in deciduous forests and a remarkable 12,052-unit increase in shrublands from 1985 to 2019. Moreover, the increament in open water bodies by means of 1,151 units underscores the dynamic nature of environmental shifts. Those modifications have profound implications for human health and well-being, with the capacity to disrupt livelihoods and socio-economic systems.

Internet of Things isn’t always approximately about the things themselves; it’s approximately being clever. IoT is real and helpful because of its ability to apply intelligence to sense facts, especially in the context of construction engineering. A smart building’s architecture is a great place to start as IoT is reshaping every aspect of a building, from design to occupancy to maintenance. The experience of workers, control, and tenants is being optimized through the use of IoT data to inform decision-making. Better facilities may simplify corporate processes and increase revenue in smarter homes. The goal of intelligent houses is sustainability. There are several methods for automating tasks with the Internet of Things. It is necessary to address every single facet of the building architecture. This article discusses the problems and technologies of IoT-based smart building architecture. The Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded systems provide the foundation of the “Smart Building” idea. Together with smart lighting in smart buildings and seismic detection, the model that is being shown has several features. When the smart lighting system turns on and off, it is determined by the amount of natural light available and the presence of people within the building. In order to reduce the amount of maintenance needed, smart dustbins that open up when they sense a person are available. Watering systems that are designed to measure the moisture content of the soil are extremely useful for the maintenance of lawns. A seismic activity detection module allows for early warnings of earthquakes and other seismic activity that may occur in the future. It has been successfully developed a smart building concept that uses Arduino and a cloud server to analyze the data gathered from the smart building.

The discharge of wastewater into the ecosystem has an impact on fish and human health, therefore the toxins needs to be removed. It is sustainable to remove pollutants from wastewater by utilizing biochar made from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) that has undergone thermal degradation. Because of it's large surface area, hollow structure, the oxygen groupings, and relatively low cost, bio Char is now known as a change rival in catalytic processes. Biochar was used in conjunction with a number of cutting-edge, creative technologies to treat wastewater efficiently. Details collected soil sampling, such as facts about the toxins current, the nature of the soil, its surrounding circumstances, and the efficacy of various rehabilitation methods, can be used to training machine learning methods. Through data analysis, machine learning models are able to spot relationships and trends which human beings might miss, which improves the accuracy of projections regarding the results of soil cleanup. The review paper outlines the challenges facing biochar-based enzymes using immediate and new technologies, along with emphasizes the application of algorithmic learning in pollution removal. Limitations and likelihoods for additional investigation are examined.

During a few extremely distressing earthquakes in India, R.C.C. elevated water tanks suffered significant damage or collapsed. This may have been brought on by incorrect staging geometry as well as ignorance of how the tank's supporting system should behave in the event of an earthquake. The elevated water tank is made up of structural components such as footings, beams, columns, and slabs. Subjected loads are passed between these components and ultimately to the soil's sub-grade. When an overhead tank is advantageously analysed, the elevated water tank behaves differently for distinct types of loadings (Dead, Live, and Seismic). Various combinations of loads that support the possibility of occurrence are indicated by the codes for Indian standards. The primary goal of this research is to improve performance during earthquakes and complement conventional staging by better understanding the behaviour of various bracing systems. Equivalent static analysis of various bracing system types applied to the elevated circular water tank staging in the seismic zone are carried out using STAAD Pro. The axial force and maximum bending moment of the circular water tank are examined in the X, Y, and Z axes. Several models are used to calculate the axial force and maximum bending moment for staging with cross bracing, diagonal bracing, and alternating diagonal bracing.

Climate change is widely acknowledged as a prominent obstacle that significantly impacts agricultural productivity and the wellbeing of individuals. Farmers bear the brunt of the impact since they must consistently adapt to changes in climate. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in Bhopal, India to ascertain farmers' perspectives of climate change and its implications. The research was conducted out in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. M.P. possesses a range of meteorological conditions, soils, and a variable cropping pattern. This study utilises cross-sectional household survey data collected from farmers residing in Bhopal. The study employed a multi-stage sampling process to choose respondent houses for the sample. Ultimately, the study's sample size was established at 97 household heads. The study employed quantitative data. Data collection was conducted using household surveys. The researchers employed both structured and unstructured questionnaires to examine the farmers' impression of climate change. Given the nature of their work, researchers asked the farmers who took part in it what they thought about climate change. The findings imply that a variety of factors, including age, level of learning, and prior agrarian expertise, influence farmers’ perceptions of global warming.

The process of changing a soil’s physical characteristics to provide it long-term, permanent improvements in strength is known as soil stabilisation. Increasing a soil’s overall bearing capacity and shear strength is how stabilisation is achieved. After stabilisation, a solid monolith forms, reducing permeability and hence the possibility for shrinkage and swelling as well as the damaging impacts of freeze-thaw cycles. The goal of this study is to improve the physical characteristics of soils for better building results by investigating the potential of cement and rice husk ash (RHA) as soil stabilizing materials. Using RHA, a byproduct of milling rice, this study investigates alternate, environmentally friendly stabilization techniques with respect to the limits of traditional cement-based stabilization. The study assesses the impacts of different RHA and cement mixtures on soil’s Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index using a thorough experimental approach. The factorial experiment provides important insights into changes in soil plasticity over a 3x3 matrix under nine distinct settings. The results show that while larger RHA percentages considerably lower the Plasticity Index, indicating improved soil stability, increasing cement concentration generally rises the Liquid and Plastic Limits. The satisfactory combination, determined to be 15% RHA and 8% cement, presents a possible path closer to producing soil that is less plastic and more durable. This obseravtion helps to broaden sustainable, low-cost techniques of stabilizing soil at the same time as also shedding light on the synergistic impacts of cement and RHA on soil parameters.

Engineered soil qualities can be modified mechanically, chemically, or biologically to achieve soil stabilisation. Soil stabilisation is a method used in civil engineering to enhance and enhance a soil’s structural qualities. Mechanical strength, permeation, compressibility, resilience, and plasticity are some of these attributes. The systematic investigation of soil stabilization with fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binders is presented in this work. The goal of using geopolymer technology is to enhance the mechanical qualities of clay soils for the building of road pavement by substituting conventional cementitious materials. The ideal ratio of Fly Ash to GGBS is found using a Taguchi experimental design technique, more precisely a L9 Orthogonal Array, with the goal of improving soil liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index. The effectiveness of various Fly Ash and GGBS ratios is assessed, as well as their influence on soil behavior. In order to develop models for predicting soil parameters, regression analysis is used. Diagnostic plots show a reasonable fit but also highlight small amounts of unexplained variability. These discoveries have important ramifications for sustainable construction methods and are essential for improving soil stabilizing procedures, especially when it comes to road pavement engineering.

This paper presents an impressive design of a convergent divergent (C-D) nozzle using the method of characteristics for a Mach number 2 test section. The nozzle’s geometry was meticulously crafted in SolidWorks, and its performance was evaluated through a CFD simulation in Ansys Fluent R22 software. Results showed excellent agreement between the simulation and analytical data, with the Mach number ranging from 1.78 to 2. The study also compared turbulence modeling techniques, concluding that the k-omega model produced superior results. The supersonic wind tunnel achieved remarkable efficiency, completing a run at 1.8 Mach number in just 6 seconds. Overall, the study showcased exceptional accuracy and meticulousness.

Equivalent lateral forces are used in earthquake engineering to build structures that can survive seismic shocks. Considering seismic waves affect how the Earth moves, buildings in India’s seismically active areas must be built to withstand earthquakes. This study examines how multistorey reinforced concrete building frames function seismically while taking into account different soil types, loading scenarios, and seismic Zones IV. For a twelve-storey skyscraper, the analysis includes earthquake reaction storey displacement. This study looks into how soil changes in seismic zone IV affect buildings’ responses, as well as how seismic zones themselves affect them. The building’s natural time periods were evaluated using both response spectrum analysis and time history analysis methods. These results provide insightful information about the complex interaction between soil type and seismic zone, Member stresses and maximum displacement are calculated using static and dynamic analysis. In India’s seismically active region, the necessity for earthquake-resistant structures is highlighted by seismic waves that alter the motion of the earth. Response spectrum analysis combines modal responses via techniques including SRSS, CQC, and ABS, taking into account a variety of response modes. This study compares earthquake loads using various soil types in Zone IV to evaluate building performance during earthquakes. This project’s primary goal is to analyse a multistorey building’s seismic response. Staad Pro Software does load calculations in order to analyse the entire structure. Staad-Pro analysis employs the Limit State create approach, which complies with the Indian Standard Code of Practice.

The properties and compressive strength of hardened concrete are examined by destructive and non-destructive testing methods. There was no direct relationship between non-destructive testing results for existing concrete structures. This article describes the comparison between rebound and compression hammer tests of hardened concrete. It also describes the comparison of strength and cube compressive strength as well as the comparison of modulus of elasticity according to different standards.Destructive and non-destructive techniques were used in an experimental programme on various concrete mixtures, including M20, M25, and M30. A comprehensive technique was used for evaluating the compressive strength properties of concrete grades M20, M25, and M30, using both destructive and non-destructive testing methods. The impact strength, maximum load, Schmidt hammer, and uniaxial compression test findings have been also reviewed within the examination. The study’s primary purpose was to clarify the connections between specific evaluations technique and actual grades. Similarly, those connections were subjected to an in-depth validation technique using previously advanced formulation from previous research, which produced precious statistics about the assessment of concrete strength. These findings increase our understanding of concrete’s behaviour and provide essential path for destiny packages inside the engineering and construction industries, enabling properly-informed decision-making in those domains.

In India’s seismically active region, the necessity for earthquake-resistant structures is highlighted by seismic waves that alter the motion of the earth. Response spectrum analysis combines modal responses via techniques including CQC, and ABS, taking into account a variety of response modes. This study compares earthquake loads using various soil types in Zone III and evaluates building performance during seismic events. The primary goal of the entire project is to analyse the seismic response of multistory buildings. Staad Pro Software does load calculations in order to analyse the entire structure. The outcomes turned out to be incredibly exact and precise. A G+7 and G+10 storey building was examined for every potential load combination (seismic, live, and dead loads) during my analysis and design process. The highly interactive and user-friendly user interface of Staad. Pro allows. Numerous factors that may impact earthquake ground movements and associated reaction spectra are included in analytical approaches for site response analysis. To ensure that assessments of earthquake ground motons at the site are reliable, it is crucial to look into how these parameters affect site reaction analysis. The parametric study presented in this work looks into how site factors affect ground motion during earthquakes. We calculated the response reduction of the common moment-resisting body case and the unique moment-resisting frame values Tall Construction’s seismic reaction using the Staad Pro programme.

In the current study, the investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow Characteristics of Pure water when pass through a double tube heat exchanger (DTHX). this investigation has been conducted across various Reynolds Number to gain insights into their performance also conducted a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using the ANSYS-FLUENT 22 R1 software. Result obtained was validated by comparing to empirical correlation data found in the existing literature. The investigation considered various operating variable as Reynolds Number and temperature across the inner, and outer tubes. Specifically, the Reynolds Number of a range of 2500 to 5500 at 333 K, and 2500 at 303 K for the respective tubes. Key findings are that friction factor is increase by 6.38% as compared to correlation (Blasius) in existing literature. And Nusselt number (Nu) increase by 40.84% as compared to correlation at the Reynolds Number (Re) of 2500. The heat transfer coefficients (hi) were increased by 8.30% as compared to existing literature.

The primary focus of this study is the application of friction stir processing to produce surface composites of in situ AA5083-H111/Al–Fe. These composites were fabricated by mixing mechanically alloyed Fe–40 wt% Al powder for 40 h. The AA5083 substrate underwent a two-pass friction stir processing with changes in the tool's movement direction during fabrication. This experiment used Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array design to gather and analyse data efficiently. Following each friction stir processing pass, the fabricated aluminium metal matrix composite microstructure, hardness and ultimate tensile strength were conducted. In this study, the maximum tensile strength of 225.8 MPa after the first pass and 253.6 MPa after the second pass. Additionally, microhardness measurements indicated values of 123.3 and 128.3 Hv after the first and second passes, respectively. These impressive mechanical properties were achieved by optimizing specific process parameters, including a tool shoulder diameter of 21 mm, a tool rotational speed of 900 rpm, a tool traverse speed of 63 mm/min and a tilt angle of 1.5°. Furthermore, examining the fracture surface of the friction stir processed sample revealed ductile failure behaviour, suggesting that the material experienced deformation and stretching before fracture. This observation aligns with the inherent ductile nature of the AA5083/Al–Fe composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The actual incidence and demographic profile of hematological malignancies are unknown in Bihar because of lack of population-based cancer registry (PBCR) data and specialized tertiary cancer center facilities. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, clinico-hematological profile and subtyping of acute leukemia cases by retrospective medical records. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, over 2 years from July 2019 to June 2021. A total of 176 cases with relevant clinical features and hematological findings were involved in the study. Medical records were studied and data were retrieved. Statistical Analysis Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results A total of 176 cases with relevant clinical features and hematological findings were involved in the study. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was most prevalent (52.8%), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (34.1%) and unclassified acute leukemia cases (13.1%). Flow cytometry correlation was available in 150 cases. The ratio of males (62.5%) to females (37.5%) is 1.6:1. There was statistically significant difference in physical examination findings between AML and ALL patients. Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and sternal tenderness were more often seen in ALL than in AML patients (p < 0.05). Pallor was more significantly associated with AML than with ALL patients (p < 0.05). Anemia and leucocytosis were found to be significantly associated with acute leukemia patients (p < 0.000). Conclusion AML M2 was the most common subtype of AML, and B-ALL was the most common subtype of ALL cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a newly emergent coronavirus, first recognized in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Early identification of laboratory indicators helps in distinguishing severe patients from mild to moderate counterparts and can facilitate medical interventions, thereby lowering the mortality rate. The present study was done to evaluate the role of hematological parameters and basic coagulation parameters in the assessment of the severity of COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective observational study was done at a tertiary care institute from May 2020 to May 2021. Hematological and coagulation profile was studied in 200 confirmed COVID-19 cases. Data related to age, gender, and clinical features were retrieved from patients’ records. Laboratory findings such as complete blood count neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and coagulation parameters in different categories were compared. Results: The majority of patients were males (59.5%) and with mild illness (52.5%). Moderate and severe illness was present in 30% and 17.5% of cases, respectively. The frequency of anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia was 62.5%, 6%, and 5.5%, respectively. Overall neutrophilia was seen in 40.5% of cases, whereas lymphopenia was seen in 39% of cases. Coagulation parameters were also much deranged in moderate and severe cases as compared to mild cases. Conclusion: The hematopoietic and hemostatic systems are significantly affected by COVID-19. Careful evaluation of laboratory parameters assists clinicians in formulating a tailored treatment approach and in predicting disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]