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The development of pharmaceutical products brought a revolution in human health, but controlling the concentration of drugs in these products is essential to patient’s safety. In this study, a simple, sensitive and specific HPLC method is developed and validated to quantitatively estimate Gilteritinib in pharmaceuticals dosage form. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Hemochrom Intsil C18 Column (250 x 4.6 mm; 5µm) via isocratic elution with mobile phase consisting of 25mm Sodium Perchlorate (pH = 2.0 adjusted with Orthophosphoric acid): acetonitrile (65:35) with a flow rate of 1mL/min. The detection was achieved with UV/Vis detector with a detection wavelength of 310 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and limit of quantification tests. Gilteritinib can be successfully separated with good linearity (the regression equation is y=41928x + 108090, R2 = 0.9998 and perfect recovery with the results of accuracy were in the range 98-102%.

The principal objective of this study is to develop and validate a new, simple, accurate, fast, economical, precise, and reproducible Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the estimation of selumetinib in a capsule dosage form. The chromatographic separation was performed on the Inert Sustain C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) column and a mobile phase comprising of 0.1 % Trifluoroacetic acid in Water and Acetonitrile in the ratio of (60:40 % v/v) was used. The diluent consisting of water and acetonitrile in the ratio of (50:50 % v/v) was used. The flow rate was kept at 1.1 ml/min and detection was carried out at 258 nm. The retention time of selumetinib was found to be about 5.9 min. The parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness and LOD, LOQ were used for validating the developed method according to ICH guidelines. The method was linear over a concentration range of 50-175 μg/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.9998. Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation values for selumetinib was found to be 0.15 μg/ml and 0.47 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage RSD of every parameter was found within the limit. The stress testing studies were executed to give degradation products by exposing the drugs to hydrolytic, photolytic, oxidative, acid, alkali, and thermal degradation conditions. The acquired data showed that the degradation product successfully separated without any intrusion, which establishes the stability-indicating nature of a developed method. The accurate, simple, precise, economical, reliable, and easy for RP-HPLC method has been successfully developed and validated. The developed method was applied for routine quality control analysis of selumetinib in capsule dosage forms.

The Twinkle Space Mission is a space-based observatory that has been conceived to measure the atmospheric composition of exoplanets, stars and solar system objects. The satellite is based on a high-heritage platform and will carry a 0.45 m telescope with a visible and infrared spectrograph providing simultaneous wavelength coverage from 0.5 - 4.5 μm. The spacecraft will be launched into a Sun-synchronous low-Earth polar orbit and will operate in this highly stable thermal environment for a baseline lifetime of seven years. Twinkle will have the capability to provide high-quality infrared spectroscopic characterisation of the atmospheres several hundred bright exoplanets, covering a wide range of planetary types. Additionally, ultra-precise photometric light curves will accurately constrain orbital parameters, including ephemerides and TTVs/TDVs present in multi-planet systems. Twinkle is available for researchers around the globe in two ways: 1) joining its collaborative multi-year survey programmes, which will observe hundreds of exoplanets and thousands of solar system objects; and 2) accessing dedicated telescope time on the spacecraft, which they can schedule for any combination of science cases. I will present an overview of Twinkle’s capabilities and discuss the broad range of targets the mission could observe, demonstrating the huge scientific potential of the spacecraft. Furthermore, I will highlight the work of the Science Team of the Twinkle exoplanet survey, showcasing their science interests and the studies into Twinkle’s capabilities that they have conducted since joining the mission. Finally, I will discuss ongoing, and upcoming, early career programmes related to the Twinkle mission.

The Twinkle Space Mission is an upcoming 0.45 m space-based telescope that will deliver spectroscopic data sets in the visible and near-infrared, simultaneously covering a 0.5–4.5µm wavelength range. Twinkle is the inaugural mission from Blue Skies Space Ltd., a company that is forging a new class of space missions to bring the benefits of “New Space” to the academic community, increasing the provision of high-quality research data. The spacecraft will be launched into a Sun-synchronous low-Earth polar orbit and will operate in this highly stable thermal environment for a minimum operational lifetime of seven years. In the first three years of operation, the mission will conduct two simultaneous surveys: one will be dedicated to studying objects within our Solar System and the other to Extrasolar science. As part of this Solar System survey, Twinkle will have the capability to provide high-quality infrared spectroscopic characterisation of the surface composition of several thousand small bodies. This large, consistent dataset will reveal trends in the mineralogy of asteroid families and composition of comets, providing insights into the formation and evolution of our Solar System. In this presentation, I will give an overview of the Twinkle mission and its capabilities, provide scientific and technical updates, and discuss how researchers can participate in the mission to shape its science programme and access observational data.

A simple and novel isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for quantitative determination of lemborexant in bulk as well as in its tablet dosage form. The developed HPLC method was validated as per ICH (Q2R1) guideline. The results of validation parameters indicate that developed HPLC method was specific, accurate, precise, rapid, reliable and reproducible. Therefore, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Lemborexant in bulk and tablet dosage form. Materials and Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on Thermoscientific BDS Hypersil (C18, 15 cm × 4.6 mm id, 5μ) column. The mobile phase consisting of buffer (triethylamine (0.1% v/v) adjusted to pH 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid) and acetonitrile in the ratio of (60:40) was passed through the column maintained at 40 °C with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Approximately 20 µl of the solution was injected and the analyte was eluted at 265 nm. Results:The retention time of lemborexant was around 7.77 min. The percentage RSD of each parameter was found within the limit. The recovery of lemborexant was found to be 100.71%. LOD and LOQ values of lemborexant were found to be 0.54 µg/ml and 1.6 µg/ml respectively. The method was linear over the range of 10-70 µg/ml with a regression coefficient 0.9996. All the verification parameters were within the range according to ICH guidelines. Conclusion:The developed RP-HPLC method is economical, simple, and practical and useful in routine analysis of Lemborexant in bulk and tablet dosage form.&nbsp

A simple, suitable, rapid, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for estimation of Remdesivir in sublingual tablets. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Inertsustain C18 (4.6 mm X 100 mm, 3 µm) column and Ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 % v/v was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min in isocratic mode. The diluent used was Methanol and Water in the ratio of 50:50 % v/v. The detection was carried out at 245 nm by injecting 10 µl solution. Retention time of Remdesivir was found to be around 7.3 min. The method validation was carried out in accordance with ICH guidelines. The method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 5-100 µg/ml and the Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9996. Mean percent recovery of Remdesivir sample solutions was found to be 100.19 %. LOD and LOQ values for Remdesivir were 1.08 and 3.26 µg/ml respectively. Forced degradation studies were also conducted by subjecting the drug to stress conditions such as acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic, oxidative and photolytic degradation to establish specificity of the method.

The conventional solar water heater is always use the flat plate collector along with straight tubes for heating of water using solar rays which is having efficiency of low. This efficiency is directly linked to dimension of the flat plate collector which is critical to both cost of the equipment and also high carpet area requirement in buildings for installment. To overcome this dimensional criticality we propose to change the flat plate collectors into bend type tubes. In general in-creasing the surface area of the collector will increase the heat transfer capability of the solar collector and possibly its efficiency. Conventional solar water heaters have longitudinal flat surface collector tubes for reaping the benefits of solar heating. Water temperature increases 10-12°C than existing water heater and also payback period less than the existing one.

Introduction: Surgeons face unique challenge in the management & prognosis related issues with intracranial gunshot injuries. These injuries are more commonly seen in military conflict zone. With easy availaibility of weapon and increase in the conflict between civilian and paramilitiary forces, clinician are facing more numbers of civilian gunshot injuries. In India the presentation and prognosis of gunshot injuries is different as many of these gunshot injuries are by country made weapons. Country made weapons have low velocity and caliber; henceforth the outcome and the management issues are different. We present our experience with 23 patients who sustained intracranial gunshot injuries, and identify the factors determining the outcome and management Material and Methods: From March 2016 to September 2019 data was collected from 23 cases who were treated for intracranial gunshot injuries in Department of Neurosurgery at J. N. Medical College, Aligarh. History, type of weapon used, clinical condition and radiological findings were noted. Outcome was assessed by Glasgow’s Outcome scale. Results: Overall mortality was 26.08% (6/23). Of the 4 patients in GCS (3-7) group there was 100% mortality. Of the 5 patients in GCS group (8-12) mortality was 2 and one patient in persistent vegetative stage. All patients survived in GCS group (13-15). 5 patients underwent surgery; there was one mortality in the surgical group. Better outcome was noted in single lobe involvement and trajectory involving supratentorial noneloquent areas. Conclusion: Early aggressive resuscitative measures may help in better management. GCS at presentation is the most important factor affecting outcome. CT scan offers to be an important predictor of prognosis and also help in planning the management. Suicidal wound, hypotension and midline shift has poor prognosis. We don’t recommend aggressive exploration of the bullet tract & pellet removal for every patient. Keywords: Intrac

Introduction: Endoscopic excision of colloid cysts a minimally invasive and highly effective technique in management of third ventricular colloid cyst. Materials and Methods: Clinical and radiological data of patients undergoing endoscopic colloid cyst excision were retrospectively analyzed in the period July 2017 to August 2018. Operative video were analyzed for the colloid cyst anatomy and the surgical technique used. Results: Five cases underwent endoscopic surgery during the study period. Three patients had dilated foramen, two patients had retroforaminal type and coapted type of morbid endoscopic anatomy. Gross total excision could be achieved in two patients, two patients had near total excision and one patient had partial excision who had intraventricular bleed which was managed. There was no mortality. All the patients return to their respective jobs postoperatively. Conclusion: Endoscopic excision is a safe and effective surgical technique for colloid cyst excision. The extent of excision depends on the experience of surgeon and the endoscopic anatomy of the colloid cyst. Keywords: Colloid CYST, Third Ventricle, Endoscopic, Neuroendoscopic excision

A simple precise and rapid Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for quantitative determination of Regorafenib in tablet dosage form. In this method Hypersil Gold (C18, 150mm× 4.6mm id, 3μ) column with mobile phase consisting of Trifluoroacetic acid (0.2% v/v) and Acetonitrile in the ratio of (50: 50 v/v) at 400C in an isocratic mode was used. The detection was carried out at 260 nm and 20μL injection volume was selected with the flow rate 1mL/min. The linearity range of Regorafenib shows concentration between 5-200 μg/mL. The regression coefficient obtained was 0.999. Retention time of Regorafenib was found to be 6.49 minutes. Acetonitrile and Water in the ratio of (3:1) was used as a diluent. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and is simple, fast, accurate, precise and can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Regorafenib in tablet dosage form.

A simple precise and rapid Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method has been developed for quantitative determination of antineoplastic drug bexarotene and its capsule formulation. In this method Synchronis (C18, 25cm×4.6mm id , 5μ) column with mobile phase consisting of buffer (25mM ammonium acetate w/v solution adjusted to pH 4.0 with diluted acetic acid) and acetonitrile in the ratio of (20: 80 v/v) in an isocratic mode was used. The detection was carried out at 262 nm and 20.0 μL injection volume was selected, with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min being used. The linearity range of bexarotene shows concentration between 5-200 μg/mL. Retention time of bexarotene was found to be 12.58 minutes. Mobile phase itself was used as a diluent. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and is simple, fast, accurate, precise and can be applied for routine quality control analysis of bexarotene in its formulation.

Background: Isolated intraventricular neurocysticercosis (NCC) is less frequently seen and can be missed on plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence is an extremely helpful sequence in identifying the lesion but is rarely used routinely. Case Description: Here, we report a case of young male adult who presented with diminution of vision and headache. MRI of the brain revealed hydrocephalus, and on using CISS sequence only, the lesion could be identified in the fourth ventricle. He was treated with medical management, and ventriculoperitoneal shunting of cerebrospinal fluid was done to relieve the hydrocephalus. It resulted in immediate relief with aggravation of headache few days later. Repeat MRI revealed intraventricular migration into the left foramen of monro leading to left lateral ventricle dilatation necessitating endoscopic removal of the lesion. Conclusion: CISS sequence is definitely the sequence of choice in identifying intraventricular NCC. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting can result in the intraventricular migration of the cyst due to sudden decompression necessitating repeat surgery. Endoscopic removal of NCC has a high success rate with limited complications.

Aims The spinal stab injuries being very rare, there have been no established management guidelines. Our aim is to establish an algorithm for management of this injuries. Methods We in our study report three cases of spinal stab injury which were managed individually. All of them were managed by different modalities of treatment with satisfactory results. Analyzing the different management protocols applied to each case, we try to formulate an algorithm for management of these rare injuries. Results Out of three cases reported, one of the spinal stab injury patient was managed conservatively as there was no CSF leak. Other patient was managed with CSF diversion as patient had delayed wound CSF leak following wound repair. In contrast our third patient underwent direct primary repair of dural defect as he presented early with CSF wound leak. Analyzing these three patients we propose an algorithm for management of spinal stab injuries. Conclusion The spinal stab injuries are very rare without established management protocols. In this case series we emphasize on individualized management. The simple algorithm proposed here can be useful in managing spinal stab injuries. A timely appropriate intervention can improve the outcome in spinal stab injury patients and unnecessary interventions can be avoided.