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A summary of the parasitic nematodes of reptiles from Argentina is presented. It is a compilation of 29 parasitological papers published between 1992 and May 2020. This review includes information about 40 species of reptiles (4 snakes, 3 turtles, 1 anfisbaenian and 32 lizards). Twenty-six nematodes species have been reported from reptiles. The present review provides data on hosts, geographical distribution and site of infection. A host/parasite list is also provided. Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina Fil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina Fil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina Fil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentina

The nematode parasites can cause mechanical injuries such as irritation or atrophy of tissue and occlusions of the digestive tract, blood vessels or other ducts in their hosts. Some species belonging to the family Camallanidae have been the focus of histopathological studies because they lacerate the host´s intestinal wall with their buccal capsule. In this study, we describe the histopathological effects produced by Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi in the small fish Corydoras micracanthus from Lesser River, in the northwest of Argentina, South America. The samples were processed with routine histology techniques. At light microscopy, specimens of P. (S.) pintoi were observed occupying the lumen of the gut. The histopathological sections revealed damage to the host intestine with the total destruction of the mucosa and submucosa, observed mainly in the region which is surrounding the buccal capsule of parasites. Moreover, an inflammatory reaction was observed with lymphatic accumulations in the affected tissue. This kind of degenerative and necrotic changes in the mucosa could affect negatively the absorption function of the host intestine, which may have adverse effects of the health status of fish. The present study provides the firs data about the histopathological effects of P. (S.) pintoi in C. micracanthus. Fil: Ailan Choke, Lorena Gisela. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina Fil: Roberto Sánchez. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cremonte, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; Argentina Fil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentina Fil: Davies, Dora Ana. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina

Key to species of the subgenus Sprentascaris parasitic in Neotropical freshwater fishes 1 Males with caudal alae and six pairs of postanal papillae.......................................................2 - Males without caudal alae and less than six pairs of postanal papillae.............................................3 2 Ventricular appendix/oesophageal length ratio in males and females is 1:0.16. Caudal alae well-developed. Vulva situated at 1.82–3.94 mm from anterior extremity, approximately at 1/3 of body length........................... R. (S.) mahnerti - Ventricular appendix/oesophageal length ratio in males is 1:0.34 and in females 1:0.36. Caudal alae rudimentary. Vulva at short distance below oesophagus, at 0.40–1.06 mm from anterior extremity............................... R. (S.) lanfrediae 3 Lateral alae well developed (broad). In males, three pairs of postanal papillae......................................4 - Lateral alae absent or rudimentary. In males, five pairs of postanal papillae........................................5 4 Symmetrical and equal lips. In males, 22 pairs of preanal papillae. In females, mature eggs embryonated, thin-shelled................................................................................................ R. (S.) marano - Dorsal lips smaller than ventrolateral ones. In males, 16 pairs of preanal papillae. In females, mature eggs embryonated with rough shell and membranous striations................................................. R. (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. 5 Narrow oesophagus. Rounded tail in both sexes. Posterior end of males with ventral cuticular ornamentation. Length of spic- ules 0.14 mm. Parasites of Pimelodidae fishes................................................... R. (S.) pimelodi - Oesophagus markedly broad. Pointed tail tip in both sexes. Males with smooth posterior ventral surface. Length of spicules between 0.15–0.25 mm.................................................................... R. (S.) hypostomi

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) saltaensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–2) Type material. Holotype: female CH-FML # 07663; paratypes: eight males and five females, of which nine specimens were used for SEM, CH-FML # 0 7665. Type host. Rineloricaria steinbachi Regan, (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) (IBIGEO-I # 355–422). Type locality. La Caldera River (24°35´40.07”S; 65°22´11”W), La Caldera Department, province of Salta, Northwest Argentina. Etymology. The new species is named for its geographical location in the province of Salta. Site of infection. Intestine. Infection parameters. Prevalence: 11.94% (8/67); media intensity: 2.63 per fish. Measurements. Table 1. General description. Medium sized nematodes. Cuticle bearing transverse striations. Mouth aperture triangular, two ventrolateral lips and one dorsal lip. Lips well-developed and oval-shaped; dorsal lip slightly smaller than the two ventrolateral ones. Dorsal lip bearing two double papillae, ventrolateral lips with one double papilla, one single papilla and one amphid. Lips with lateral membranous margins forming finger-shaped protrusions at each side. Membranous extensions at base of lips. Interlabia absent (Figs. 1 A–C; 2A–C). Excretory pore slightly posterior to nerve ring level. Lateral alae present in both sexes, beginning in lateral region below lips and reaching almost to tail tip. Muscular oesophagus short with expanded posterior half. Caudal alae absent in both sexes. Ventriculus shorter than wide, ventricular appendix longer than wide. Both sexes with conical tail, its distal tip slender and sharply pointed. Adult males (eight specimens): Spicules equal, simple with pointed distal tips. Twenty pairs of caudal papillae. Preanal papillae: Sixteen subventral pairs; counting from cloaca opening, the first until the seventh pair are closer to each other than the remaining pairs. Adanal papillae: only one subventral pair. Postanal papillae: three small subventral pairs. Lateral alae present, without the partition in the caudal region. Caudal alae absent. Conical tail (Fig. 1 G). Adult female (six specimens): Vulva preequatorial, posterior to oesophagus end level (Fig. 1 E). Eggs ovalshaped, with thick and rough shell provided with membranous striations, mature eggs larvated (Figs. 1 D). Conical tail (Figs. 1 F; 2D). Remarks. Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) saltaensis sp. nov. is distinguished from their congeners, by possessing 16 pairs of preanal papillae, membranous elevations below the lips, mature eggs with striated shell and the size of spicules (0.24 mm). For more detailed description of morphometric differences between the new species and other species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) see Table 2. Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. differs from R. (S.) mahnerti and R. (S.) lanfrediae by the absence of caudal alae in the males; but shares this feature with R. (S.) pimelodi, R. (S.) hypostomi and R. (S.) marano. The new species presents lateral alae, which begins in the base of ventrolateral lips and extends almost to tail tip; no partition of this structure is observed, hence caudal alae are not present. Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov differs from R. (S.) pimelodi and R. (S.) hypostomi by the presence of lateral alae, and by the number of postanal papillae pairs; R. (S.) saltaensis possess three pairs, while R. (S.) pimelodi and R. (S.) hypostomi present five pairs and lack lateral alae (Moravec 1998). Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. resembles R. (S.) marano, both species have lateral alae and three pairs of postanal papillae; but can readily be distinguished by the number of preanal papillae (16 vs. 22), the shape and size of lips (smaller and different lips with protrusions vs. longer, symmetrical, simple and equal lips), shape of eggs (rough-shelled vs. thin-shelled) and the spicule length (0.24 vs. 0.27) (Moravec 1998; Ramallo 2009). Discussion. Five genera of Anisakidae have been reported from the intestine of Neotropical freshwater fishes: Goezia (Zeder, 1800), Hysterothylacium (Ward and Magath, 1917), Terranova (Leiper and Atkinson, 1914), Raphidascaroides (Yamaguti, 1941) and Raphidascaris (Railliet and Henry, 1915). Goezia, Hysterothylacium and Raphidascaris show a broad geographical distribution including Mexico, Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru and Argentina; in contrast Raphidascaroides and Terranova were only recorded in Brazil and Venezuela (Moravec 1998). Raphidascaris has two subgenera: Raphidascaris (not in the Neotropical region), and Sprentascaris whose members are restricted to South America and were only reported in freshwater fishes (Ramallo 2009). Species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) are characterized by possessing a cuticular ring without spines, the presence of small postlabial or interlabial cuticular elevations, absence of true interlabia; the excretory pore slightly posterior to nerve ring level, a muscular oesophagus with ventriculus and ventricular appendix; and no intestinal caecum (Moravec 1998). All species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris), except R. (S.) lanfrediae, have Siluriformes fishes as hosts. Raphidascaris (S.) hypostomi was isolated from specimens of the subfamilies: Hypostominae and Ancistrinae (all Loricariidae) (Moravec 1998). Eiras et al. (2010) found nematodes identified as R. (S.) hypostomi and R. (S.) mahnerti in Metynnis lippincottianus Cope (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from Brazil. Raphidascaris (S.) mahnerti was also reported in Loricariidae fishes; moreover Moravec et al. (1993) recorded the third larval stage of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) in the intestine of the cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard, (Perciformes, Cichlidae). The larva is probably conspecific with R. (S.) mahnerti and G. brasiliensis could be a paratenic host (Moravec 1998). This is not the only time Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) was detected in cichlids; Melo et al. (2011) reported the adults of R. (S.) lanfrediae in Satanoperca jurupari. Possibly, this species share the host spectrum with R. (S.) mahnerti. Both species might be closely related but they can be differentiated by morphological features and their geographical distribution (Melo et al. 2011). Raphidascaris (S.) pimelodi is distinguished from other known species of the subgenus, because it was only detected in a pimelodid species. Although R. (S.) marano and Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. have both been recorded in Northwest of Argentina, they inhabit different fluvial systems; R. (S.) marano in Marapa River (basin of Sali River, provinces of Tucumán and Catamarca), and R. (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. in La Caldera River (basin of the Bermejo River, province of Salta). Ramallo (2009) proposed that R. (S.) marano would be an endemic species in Argentina, following the endemic character of its host, H. cordovae (Loricariidae). However, H. cordovae is synonymous of H. paranensis, thus the geographical distribution was extended to include Paraguay (Paraguay River basin, the main tributary of Paraná River) (Ferraris 2007). The new parasite species was found from Rineloricaria steinbachi (Loricariidae), whose geographical distribution is limited to southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, including the basins of the Bermejo (Rivers Bermejo, San Andrés, La Caldera, Mojotoro and Vaqueros and streams Gallinato and Pucheta), Juramento (Rivers Salado, Piedras, Arias Arenales, Rosario, Aguas Negras and Calchaquí), Pilcomayo River, and also the Dorado River basin (La Sala stream and Popayan River). In this paper, we propose the erection of the sixth species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) from the Neotropical region and the second from Argentina. Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. differs from all congeners in the number of preanal papillae, the shape and size of lips, the egg’s shell and the spicules length. The new identification key presented in the article incorporates R. (S.) lanfrediae , R. (S.) marano and R. (S.) saltaensis sp. nov.

Key to species of the subgenus Sprentascaris parasitic in Neotropical freshwater fishes 1 Males with caudal alae and six pairs of postanal papillae.......................................................2 - Males without caudal alae and less than six pairs of postanal papillae.............................................3 2 Ventricular appendix/oesophageal length ratio in males and females is 1:0.16. Caudal alae well-developed. Vulva situated at 1.82���3.94 mm from anterior extremity, approximately at 1/3 of body length........................... R. (S.) mahnerti - Ventricular appendix/oesophageal length ratio in males is 1:0.34 and in females 1:0.36. Caudal alae rudimentary. Vulva at short distance below oesophagus, at 0.40���1.06 mm from anterior extremity............................... R. (S.) lanfrediae 3 Lateral alae well developed (broad). In males, three pairs of postanal papillae......................................4 - Lateral alae absent or rudimentary. In males, five pairs of postanal papillae........................................5 4 Symmetrical and equal lips. In males, 22 pairs of preanal papillae. In females, mature eggs embryonated, thin-shelled................................................................................................ R. (S.) marano - Dorsal lips smaller than ventrolateral ones. In males, 16 pairs of preanal papillae. In females, mature eggs embryonated with rough shell and membranous striations................................................. R. (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. 5 Narrow oesophagus. Rounded tail in both sexes. Posterior end of males with ventral cuticular ornamentation. Length of spic- ules 0.14 mm. Parasites of Pimelodidae fishes................................................... R. (S.) pimelodi - Oesophagus markedly broad. Pointed tail tip in both sexes. Males with smooth posterior ventral surface. Length of spicules between 0.15���0.25 mm.................................................................... R. (S.) hypostomi, Published as part of Ail��n-Choke, Lorena Gisela, Ramallo, Geraldine & Davies, Dora, 2017, New species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Rineloricaria steinbachi (Actinopterygii: Loricariidae) from Northwest Argentina, pp. 129-136 in Zootaxa 4231 (1) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/293599

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) saltaensis sp. nov. (Figs 1���2) Type material. Holotype: female CH-FML # 07663; paratypes: eight males and five females, of which nine specimens were used for SEM, CH-FML # 0 7665. Type host. Rineloricaria steinbachi Regan, (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) (IBIGEO-I # 355���422). Type locality. La Caldera River (24��35��40.07���S; 65��22��11���W), La Caldera Department, province of Salta, Northwest Argentina. Etymology. The new species is named for its geographical location in the province of Salta. Site of infection. Intestine. Infection parameters. Prevalence: 11.94% (8/67); media intensity: 2.63 per fish. Measurements. Table 1. General description. Medium sized nematodes. Cuticle bearing transverse striations. Mouth aperture triangular, two ventrolateral lips and one dorsal lip. Lips well-developed and oval-shaped; dorsal lip slightly smaller than the two ventrolateral ones. Dorsal lip bearing two double papillae, ventrolateral lips with one double papilla, one single papilla and one amphid. Lips with lateral membranous margins forming finger-shaped protrusions at each side. Membranous extensions at base of lips. Interlabia absent (Figs. 1 A���C; 2A���C). Excretory pore slightly posterior to nerve ring level. Lateral alae present in both sexes, beginning in lateral region below lips and reaching almost to tail tip. Muscular oesophagus short with expanded posterior half. Caudal alae absent in both sexes. Ventriculus shorter than wide, ventricular appendix longer than wide. Both sexes with conical tail, its distal tip slender and sharply pointed. Adult males (eight specimens): Spicules equal, simple with pointed distal tips. Twenty pairs of caudal papillae. Preanal papillae: Sixteen subventral pairs; counting from cloaca opening, the first until the seventh pair are closer to each other than the remaining pairs. Adanal papillae: only one subventral pair. Postanal papillae: three small subventral pairs. Lateral alae present, without the partition in the caudal region. Caudal alae absent. Conical tail (Fig. 1 G). Adult female (six specimens): Vulva preequatorial, posterior to oesophagus end level (Fig. 1 E). Eggs ovalshaped, with thick and rough shell provided with membranous striations, mature eggs larvated (Figs. 1 D). Conical tail (Figs. 1 F; 2D). Remarks. Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) saltaensis sp. nov. is distinguished from their congeners, by possessing 16 pairs of preanal papillae, membranous elevations below the lips, mature eggs with striated shell and the size of spicules (0.24 mm). For more detailed description of morphometric differences between the new species and other species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) see Table 2. Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. differs from R. (S.) mahnerti and R. (S.) lanfrediae by the absence of caudal alae in the males; but shares this feature with R. (S.) pimelodi, R. (S.) hypostomi and R. (S.) marano. The new species presents lateral alae, which begins in the base of ventrolateral lips and extends almost to tail tip; no partition of this structure is observed, hence caudal alae are not present. Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov differs from R. (S.) pimelodi and R. (S.) hypostomi by the presence of lateral alae, and by the number of postanal papillae pairs; R. (S.) saltaensis possess three pairs, while R. (S.) pimelodi and R. (S.) hypostomi present five pairs and lack lateral alae (Moravec 1998). Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. resembles R. (S.) marano, both species have lateral alae and three pairs of postanal papillae; but can readily be distinguished by the number of preanal papillae (16 vs. 22), the shape and size of lips (smaller and different lips with protrusions vs. longer, symmetrical, simple and equal lips), shape of eggs (rough-shelled vs. thin-shelled) and the spicule length (0.24 vs. 0.27) (Moravec 1998; Ramallo 2009). Discussion. Five genera of Anisakidae have been reported from the intestine of Neotropical freshwater fishes: Goezia (Zeder, 1800), Hysterothylacium (Ward and Magath, 1917), Terranova (Leiper and Atkinson, 1914), Raphidascaroides (Yamaguti, 1941) and Raphidascaris (Railliet and Henry, 1915). Goezia, Hysterothylacium and Raphidascaris show a broad geographical distribution including Mexico, Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru and Argentina; in contrast Raphidascaroides and Terranova were only recorded in Brazil and Venezuela (Moravec 1998). Raphidascaris has two subgenera: Raphidascaris (not in the Neotropical region), and Sprentascaris whose members are restricted to South America and were only reported in freshwater fishes (Ramallo 2009). Species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) are characterized by possessing a cuticular ring without spines, the presence of small postlabial or interlabial cuticular elevations, absence of true interlabia; the excretory pore slightly posterior to nerve ring level, a muscular oesophagus with ventriculus and ventricular appendix; and no intestinal caecum (Moravec 1998). All species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris), except R. (S.) lanfrediae, have Siluriformes fishes as hosts. Raphidascaris (S.) hypostomi was isolated from specimens of the subfamilies: Hypostominae and Ancistrinae (all Loricariidae) (Moravec 1998). Eiras et al. (2010) found nematodes identified as R. (S.) hypostomi and R. (S.) mahnerti in Metynnis lippincottianus Cope (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from Brazil. Raphidascaris (S.) mahnerti was also reported in Loricariidae fishes; moreover Moravec et al. (1993) recorded the third larval stage of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) in the intestine of the cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard, (Perciformes, Cichlidae). The larva is probably conspecific with R. (S.) mahnerti and G. brasiliensis could be a paratenic host (Moravec 1998). This is not the only time Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) was detected in cichlids; Melo et al. (2011) reported the adults of R. (S.) lanfrediae in Satanoperca jurupari. Possibly, this species share the host spectrum with R. (S.) mahnerti. Both species might be closely related but they can be differentiated by morphological features and their geographical distribution (Melo et al. 2011). Raphidascaris (S.) pimelodi is distinguished from other known species of the subgenus, because it was only detected in a pimelodid species. Although R. (S.) marano and Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. have both been recorded in Northwest of Argentina, they inhabit different fluvial systems; R. (S.) marano in Marapa River (basin of Sali River, provinces of Tucum��n and Catamarca), and R. (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. in La Caldera River (basin of the Bermejo River, province of Salta). Ramallo (2009) proposed that R. (S.) marano would be an endemic species in Argentina, following the endemic character of its host, H. cordovae (Loricariidae). However, H. cordovae is synonymous of H. paranensis, thus the geographical distribution was extended to include Paraguay (Paraguay River basin, the main tributary of Paran�� River) (Ferraris 2007). The new parasite species was found from Rineloricaria steinbachi (Loricariidae), whose geographical distribution is limited to southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, including the basins of the Bermejo (Rivers Bermejo, San Andr��s, La Caldera, Mojotoro and Vaqueros and streams Gallinato and Pucheta), Juramento (Rivers Salado, Piedras, Arias Arenales, Rosario, Aguas Negras and Calchaqu��), Pilcomayo River, and also the Dorado River basin (La Sala stream and Popayan River). In this paper, we propose the erection of the sixth species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) from the Neotropical region and the second from Argentina. Raphidascaris (S.) saltaensis sp. nov. differs from all congeners in the number of preanal papillae, the shape and size of lips, the egg���s shell and the spicules length. The new identification key presented in the article incorporates R. (S.) lanfrediae , R. (S.) marano and R. (S.) saltaensis sp. nov., Published as part of Ail��n-Choke, Lorena Gisela, Ramallo, Geraldine & Davies, Dora, 2017, New species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Rineloricaria steinbachi (Actinopterygii: Loricariidae) from Northwest Argentina, pp. 129-136 in Zootaxa 4231 (1) on pages 130-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/293599, {"references":["Moravec, F. (1998) Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the Neotropical Region. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, 464 pp.","Ramallo, G. (2009) A new species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Hypostomus cordovae (Pisces: Loricariidae) from Argentina. Zootaxa, 2045, 60 - 64.","Eiras, J. C., Takemoto, R. M. & Pavanelli, G. C. (2010) Diversidade dos parasitas de peixes de agua doce do Brasil. ClicheTec Editora, Maringa, 333 pp.","Moravec, F., Kohn, A. & Fernandes, B. M. M. (1993) Nematode parasites of fishes of the Parana River, Brazil. Part. 2. Seuratoidea, Ascaridoidea, Habronematoidea and Acuarioidea. Folia Parasitologica, 40, 115 - 134.","Ferraris, C. J. Jr. (2007) Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa, 1418, 1 - 628."]}

https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/admin/static/img/broom.pngA total of 158 species of the genus Liolaemus occur in Argentina (Abdala and Quinteros 2014. Cuad. Herpetol. 28:55–82). In Argentina, Liolaemus ruibali is distributed across Mendoza and San Juan provinces (Abdala et al. 2012. Cuad. Herpetol. 26:215–248). This small species is predominantly insectivorous (Villavicencio et al. 2005. Multequina 14:47–52), and has a bimodal activity pattern (Castillo et al. 2015.Multequina 24:19–31)... Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentina Fil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentina Fil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina

Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina Fil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentina Fil: Bursey, Charles. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Goldberg, Stephen R.. Whittier College; Estados Unidos Fil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Argentina

Los géneros Kalicephalus Molin, 1861 y Diaphanocephalus Diesing, 1851 constituyen la familia Diaphanocephalidae; parásitos del tubo digestivo de reptiles (Lichtenfels, 1980). Schad (1962) revisó el género Kalicephalus y observó una marcada variabilidad intraespecífica relacionada con la distribución geográfica y los hospederos. Este autor aplicó el concepto de especies politípicas y redujo el número de especies válidas de 50 a 23, algunas de las cuales presentan subespecies., Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (AHA)

En ríos y otros cursos de agua de la provincia de Salta se capturaron ejemplares de Trichomycterus spegazzini (Berg, 1897) y Jenynsia alternimaculata (Fowler, 1916); ambos resultaron parasitados por los nematodes Contracaecum sp. y Cucullanus (Cucullanus) pinnai pinnai (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928); el cestode Nomimoscolex sp. y metacestodes no identificados. El nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi (Kohn & Fernandes, 1988) y el digeneo Genarchella sp. infectaron sólo ejemplares de Trichomycterus spegazzini (Berg, 1897). A su vez, los nematodes Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii (Vaz & Pereira, 1934) y Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) acuminata (Molin, 1860) fueron exclusivos de los ejemplares de Jenynsia alternimaculata (Fowler, 1916). De este modo, se extendió la distribución geográfica de P (S.) hilarii, P (S.) pintoi, Contracaecum sp., Rhabdochona (R.) acuminata, C. (C.) pinnai pinnai, Nomimoscolex sp. y Genarchella sp., y se registraron como nuevos hospedadores a Trichomycterus spegazzini y Jenynsia alternimaculata, respectivamente. Specimens of Trichomycterus spegazzini (Berg, 1897) and Jenynsia alternimaculata (Fowler, 1916) were collected in rivers and other water courses in the province of Salta. Both species were parasitized with the nematode Contracaecum sp. and Cucullanus (Cucullanus) pinnai pinnai (Travassos, Ar tigas & Pereira, 1928), the cestode Nomimoscolex sp. and unidentified metacestodes. However, the nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi (Kohn & Fernandes, 1988) and the digenean Genarchella sp. infected only specimens of Trichomycterus spegazzini (Berg, 1897). Moreover, the nematodes Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii (Vaz & Pereira), 1934 and Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) acuminata (Molin, 1860) were exclusive of specimens of Jenynsia alternimaculata (Fowler, 1916). In addition, the geographical distribution of the following species was enlarged: P. (S.) hilarii, P (S.) pintoi, Contracaecum sp., Rhabdochona (R.) acuminata, C. (C.) pinnai pinnai, Nomimoscolex sp. and Genarchella sp. Furthermore, we recorded Trichomycterus spegazzini and Jenynsia alternimaculata as new hosts for these species. Fil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ailan Choke, Lorena Gisela. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Nieva, Lucia. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; Argentina Fil: Davies, Dora Ana. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Se registra por primera vez a Lernaea cf. cyprinacea (L.), copépodo ectoparásito en Astyanax hermosus Miquelarena, Protogino y López, 2005 (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). El hospedador fue capturado en el río Cosquín (Depto. Punilla), provincia de Córdoba. Si bien el parásito está registrado en varios ambientes de la provincia mediterránea es el primer registro del parásito en el hospedador mencionado. New host for Lernaea cyprinacea (L.) (Copepoda, Lernaeidae) in Argentina’. Lernaea cf. cyprinacea (L.) is recorded for the first time as ectoparasite of Astyanax hermosus Miquelarena, Protogino y López, 2005 (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). The hosts were captured in the Cosquín River (Department Punilla), Province of Córdoba. Although the parasite has been recorded in various localities of this mediterranean province, it is the first record of the parasite in this host. Fil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Fundacion Miguel Lillo. Direccion de Zoologia. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Teran, Guillermo Enrique. Fundacion Miguel Lillo. Direccion de Zoologia. Instituto de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) marano sp. nov. (Figures 1���15), Published as part of Ramallo, Geraldine, 2009, A new species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Hypostomus cordovae (Pisces: Loricariidae) from Argentina, pp. 60-64 in Zootaxa 2045 on page 61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186432