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Agricultural fields are underproductive due to the lack of knowledge of the variety of crops available, resulting in a decrease in efficiency of crop manufacturing, which influences the agriculture financial system. Agricultural productivity can be improved by way of crop prediction. We use machine learning algorithms to predict the crop from the past data of crops using machine learning strategies.A comparative examination between machine learning algorithms is performed to decide which algorithm is the maximum accurate in predicting the first-class crop for efficient yield in the given area, increasing revenue for farmers.

Objective: Evaluation of outcomes and safety of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), which was recently introduced in Tanzania (Tz) as a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Design: Retrospective evaluation of procedural outcomes in patients who underwent PTBD between October 2018 until April 2021. Setting: Department of Interventional Radiology (IR) at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants: Patients with malignant biliary obstruction who were not surgical candidates and were referred to the IR service. Interventions:Depending on presentation, patients underwent biliary drain placement with or without biliary stenting. Pre- and post- procedural serum bilirubin levels and clinical evaluation of jaundice and pruritus were recorded. Main outcome measures: Laboratory, clinical, technical success, and complication rates were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Out of 49 total patients, external biliary drains were placed in 29, internal-external drains were placed in 19, and metallic stents were placed in 12. The technical success rate was 98% (48/49). There were 5 minor complications and no major complications. Average total bilirubin decreased from 268.8 umol/L pre-procedure to 175.7 umol/L two weeks post-procedure (p=0.017). 94% of patients reported improvement of jaundice and pruritus. Two patients were able to initiate chemotherapy following PTBD. The mean survival for all patients was 196 days. Conclusion: The introduction of PTBD in Tanzania provides patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction with new and effective treatment options resulting in improvement in quality of life.

Piscidinol A (1), a major compound isolated from Aphanamixis polystachya, showed modest anticancer activity against cancer cell lines. Subsequently, a series of analogues were synthesised by modification of the key structural functionalities of this high yield natural product and assessed for their anticancer potential against various cancer cell lines. Among the tested derivatives, the compounds 6e and 6i are significantly reduced the cell viability at 5.38 and 5.02 µM against DU145 prostate cancer cells, respectively. Additionally, both the compounds arrested the cell cycle at S phase and induced the late apoptosis in DU145 cells. Together, the results demonstrated that the compounds 6e and 6i could be a promising lead for the development of anticancer agents against DU145 and well worth further investigation aiming to generate potential anticancer agents.

In connection with our continuous efforts in the synthesis of derivatives from major compounds isolated from traditional medicinal plants, in the present study we have attempted to synthesize the furan-conjugated aloe-emodin derivatives (5a–j) using a three-component reaction. The synthesized derivatives were assessed for anticancer activity against five different cancer cell lines using the in vitro MTT assay and the results showed that most of the derivatives are potent against cancer cells comparing with the control. Compounds 5a and 5e showed excellent activity against all the cancer cells with less than 12.5 µM and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in both CAL27 and SCC9 cells. Compound 5e induces the early apoptosis in CAL27 cells and compounds 5a and 5e induce early and late apoptosis, respectively, in SCC9 cells. Moreover, compounds 5b, 5c, 5i, and 5j showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting IL-6 production. The molecular docking studies revealed that compound 5e has strong interaction with the CLK kinase and protein kinase II through hydrogen binding Asp325 and Lys290.