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Some studies have demonstrated the involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. The aim of our study was twofold: (1) to analyze the prognostic value of NF-kB expression in primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and (2) to compare the results of NF-kB expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and southwestern histochemistry (SWH). We analyzed 62 patients diagnosed with IgAN from 1987 to 2003. We used monoclonal antibodies to CD68 and mast cell tryptase and polyclonal antibodies to TGF-β1, α-SMA and NF-kB p65. We used SWH for thein situdetection of activated NF-kB. The results showed that NF-kB expression (mainly by SWH) correlated with clinical and histological parameters. An unfavorable clinical course of IgAN was significantly related to tubular NF-kB expression by SWH, but not by IHC. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that increased NF-kB expression, which was measured by IHC and SWH, decreased renal survival. In conclusion, the increased expression of NF-kB in the tubular area may be a predictive factor for the poor prognosis of patients with IgAN. Compared with IHC, NF-kB expression determined by SWH was correlated with a larger number of parameters of poor disease outcome.

Clinical trial registries are one of the main sources of information concerning health research interventions that have been or are being carried out throughout the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a minimum data set to be recorded (20 items), which was agreed upon internationally with the stakeholders, and established a network of primary and associated records. In addition to the register ClinicalTrial.Gov (of the United States of America), there are currently two primary registries in the Americas (from Brazil and Cuba) that meet WHO requirements and provide data to WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Furthermore, there are important advances in the region related to the regulations, development and implementation of national registries and to the support of the ethics committees and editors to this initiative. Los registros de ensayos clínicos (EC) constituyen una de las mayores fuentes de información de investigaciones en intervenciones en salud que se han o se están llevando a cabo en el mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud estableció un conjunto mínimo de datos que se deben registrar (20 ítems), consensuado a nivel internacional con las partes interesadas, y estableció una red de registros primarios y de registros asociados. Existen actualmente dos registros primarios en las Américas (Brasil y Cuba) avalados por la OMS, además del registro ClinicalTrial.Gov (de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica) que aportan datos a la plataforma internacional de registros de EC de la OMS (ICTRP). Adicionalmente, hay avances importantes en la región relacionados con las regulaciones, el desarrollo e implementación de registros nacionales y la adhesión de comités de ética y editores a la iniciativa.

A existência de um inventário nacional de património geológico é fundamental para se poderem implementar estratégias de geoconservação. Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia usada no desenvolvimento do mais completo inventário de geossítios. realizado até ao momento em Portugal, assim como os principais resultados obtidos. O inventário vai integrar o Sistema de Informação do Património Natural e o Cadastro Nacional dos Valores Naturais Classificados, ambos geridos pelo Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade.

A existência de um inventário nacional de património geológico é fundamental para se poderem implementar estratégias de geoconservação. Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia usada no desenvolvimento do mais completo inventário de geossítios, realizado até ao momento em Portugal, assim como os principais resultados obtidos. O inventário vai integrar o Sistema de Informação do Património Natural e o Cadastro Nacional dos Valores Naturais Classificados, ambos geridos pelo Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade., The existence of a national inventory of the geological heritage is of paramount importance for the implementation of a geoconservation strategy. This paper presents the methodological approach used to produce the most complete geosites inventory in Portugal, so far, and the obtained results. This inventory will be uploaded into the National Database of Natural Heritage managed by the Portuguese authority for nature conservation., Este trabalho é apoiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, através do financiamento plurianual do CGUP e do projecto de investigação “Identificação, caracterização e conservação do património geológico: uma estratégia de geoconservação para Portugal” (PTDC/CTE-GEX/64966/2006)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

During the last three years geoscientists of various institutions have developed a project aiming the setup of a geoconservation strategy in Portugal (Brilha, 2009). One of the main goals of the project was the establishment of an inventory of the most important Portuguese geosites, under the scientific point of view. In a near future, national authorities will consider this inventory as a technical support for the implementation of nature conservation policies and land-use strategies., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/CTE-GEX76496672006 "Identification, characterisation and conservation of geological heritage : a geoconservation strategy for Portugal"

Exidmonea zagorseki sp. nov. (Figs 3B–C, 5A–F) Material examined. Type material. MNRJ-183 (holotype), MNRJ-238 (paratype), Região dos Lagos, Rio de Janeiro State, 23°47.629’S, 041°42.514’W, 20 July 2004, collector D.C. Savi, depth 341 m. Diagnosis. Colony arborescent, dichotomously branched, autozooidal apertures isolated or grouped into pairs or threes, alternating on each side of branch midline; peristome elongate, slightly curved; branch dorsal side flattened with small pseudopores and arcuate growth bands; gonozooid on frontal side, forked at branch bifurcation; ooeciostome short, unicuspate, with circular ooeciopore. Description. Colony arborescent, dichotomously branched, in some parts with branches twisted around their longitudinal axes, strongly calcified, originating from well-developed and wide base (Fig. 5A, B). Sterile branch diameter (average 441 µm) usually slightly smaller than distance between autozooidal series (average 588 µm). Flattened dorsal side of branches with arcuate growth bands, lacking kenozooidal overgrowth. White in colour. Autozooids tubular with long (at least 200 µm) well-developed peristomes, these slightly curved outwards and upwards (Fig. 5C–D); frontal wall transversely wrinkled; apertures disposed alternately in connate series comprising 2–3 apertures, sometimes solitary, opening on frontal side of colony (Fig. 5B–E), zooidal boundaries marked by fissures; aperture circular (Fig. 5C). Basal, frontal and dorsal walls perforated by small pseudopores, rounded or slightly longitudinally elongate (10–(11)–12.5 µm long x 5–(6.75)–10 µm wide) (Fig. 5E–F). Gonozooid located on branch frontal side, extending between autozooidal apertures; originating proximal to bifurcation and extending into both daughter branches as far as 2nd or 3rd autozooidal series. Gonozooid large (2370 µm long x 437 µm wide), diffuse; frontal wall densely pseudopores (Fig. 3B); ooeciostome short, ending in a circular, unicuspate ooeciopore (Fig. 3C). Etymology. In honour of Dr Kamil Zagorsek, bryozoan specialist at the Narodni Museum, Prague. Remarks. The genus Exidmonea contains a large number of species, the majority of which are Cretaceous or Cenozoic fossils. There are, however, many recent species known from, for example, the Mediterranean, the Philippines and the Antarctic. Of the Exidmonea species described previously from Brazil, E. foresti (Buge, 1979) has one to three autozooids per series and a gonozooid located close to the branch bifurcation, as in E. zagorseki sp. nov. The width of the branch (140–200 µm), however, and the distance between fascicles (200–320 µm) are appreciably larger than in E. zagorseki sp. nov. Exidmonea atlantica (Forbes in Johnston, 1847) differs from E. zagorseki in having three to five autozooids per series, wider branches (280–350 µm), and gonozooids not associated with branch bifurcations. The presence of secondary calcification at the colony base, obscuring the older autozooids and the general form of the colony, recalls E. hula (Borg, 1944), which normally has, however, up to four autozooids in each series and shorter peristomes. The Antarctic species E. arcuata Ostrovsky & Taylor, 1996 is similar to E. zagorseki but differs in having a weakly calcified colony, branches that bend strongly backwards (dorsally), and two to five autozooidal apertures per series (normally three to four). According to Ostrovsky and Taylor (1996), the colony begins from a Stomatopora -like base, followed by a supporting disc from which two or three new branches originate. This is not observed in E. zagorseki where the base produces a single erect stem. Another Antarctic species, E. curvata (Borg, 1944), resembles E. zagorseki in having a well-developed colony base and branches that are slightly curved backwards. Exidmonea curvata differs, however, in having three to five autozooids per series, a long, ooeciostome with bilabiate ooeciopore that is almost slit-like, and gonozooids that do not fork at branch bifurcations. Ecology. Colonies were found on calcareous rocks in deeper waters (341 m). Geographic distribution. Região dos Lagos (23°47.629’S, 41°42.514’W), Rio de Janeiro State.

Disporella pila Marcus, 1955 (Fig. 9A–F) Disporella pila Marcus, 1955: 277; Buge 1979: 243. Material examined. MNRJ-191, MNRJ-365: Arraial do Cabo Farol beach, Cabo Frio Island, 1 March 2002, collector L. V. Ramalho, depth 5 m. Description. Colony almost circular, encrusting, small, up to 5 mm diameter, white; basal lamina free, sometimes elevated from substratum, growing edge thick (Fig. 9A). Autozooids tubular, apertures circular (50–(63)–80 µm), grouped in uniserial rows (Fig. 9A, B); orientated at low angle to colony surface, their tubular walls clustered into radial ridges, some central autozooids growing freely and irregularly; apertures bicuspate, opening laterofrontally, mostly close to growing edge (Fig. 9A–C). Calcification entirely cryptocystal (Fig. 9C). Alveoli polygonal (62–(78)–100 µm diameter), interspersed among autozooids, their apertures larger than autozooidal apertures in central region, usually forming uniserial rows between autozooids in outer parts of colonies (Fig. 9C–D), containing mural spinules with star-shaped crowns (Fig. 8E). Basal lamina with flattened, distally imbricated crystallites (Fig. 9A–B, F). Gonozooid not observed. Remarks. The taxonomy of lichenoporids is more problematical than that of most other groups of cyclostomes because very little is known about variations in skeletal morphology in relation to the age and reproductive state of colonies. Species of Disporella from the Atlantic and Mediterranean were revised by Alvarez (1992, 1994, 1995) but D. pila was not considered in these publications. Disporella pila differs from other species in the acute angle of the autozooidal tubes to the colony surface, with the result that the apertures open laterofrontally, almost parallel to the substratum. The Rio de Janeiro material differs from D. pila as described by Marcus (1955) and Buge (1979) from the Espírito Santo coast, which have fewer rows of autozooids and a more frequently elevated basal lamina. These differences are minor, however, and the Rio de Janeiro material is identified as D. pila. Ecology. Colonies found encrusting the alga Sargassum at 5 m depth; Marcus (1955) also collected D. pila on non-calcareous algae. Geographic distribution. Espírito Santo (Vitória) and 21°10’ – 21°38’S, 40°42’ – 40°45’W (Marcus 1955; Buge 1979); Arraial do Cabo (Cabo Frio Island), Rio de Janeiro State (present study)., Published as part of Ramalho, L. V., Muricy, G. & Taylor, P. D., 2009, Cyclostomata (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, pp. 32-52 in Zootaxa 2057 on page 47, {"references":["Marcus, E. (1955) Notas sobre Briozoos Marinhos Brasileiros. Arquivo do Museu Nacional, 42, 273 - 324.","Buge, E. (1979) Bryozoaires Cyclostomes. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique. Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la Calypso, n. s., 11, 55: 207 - 252.","Alvarez, J. A. (1992) Sobre algunas especies de la familia Lichenoporidae Smitt, 1866 (Bryozoa, Cyclostomida) en la region Atlantico-Mediterrananea. Parte I: genero Disporella Gray, 1848. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 33, 201 - 243.","Alvarez, J. A. (1994) La famille des Lichenoporidae (Bryozoa, Cyclostomida) dans les provinces Atlantico- Mediterraneenne et Boreale. Part III: etude des collections du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 35, 491 - 509.","Alvarez, J. A. (1995) New data on the family Lichenoporidae Smitt (Bryozoa: Cyclostomida) from the Mediterranean region. Journal of Natural History, 29, 1067 - 1079."]}

Mecynoecia cf. delicatula (Busk, 1875) (Fig. 7A–F) Pustulopora delicatula Busk, 1875: 20. Entalophora delicatula: Marcus 1937: 24. Mecynoecia delicatula: Buge 1979: 221. Material examined. MNRJ-364, Baía da Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro city, 10 April 2002, collector J.E.A. Gonçalves, depth 2 m. Description. Colony erect, almost 11 mm long in single available example, dichotomously branched (Fig. 7A), white, basal portion broken, branch diameter 380–(460)–517 µm. Autozooids opening around entire branch, 8–10 in one circumference, frontal wall transversely wrinkled, pseudopores small (about 7 µm in diameter). Peristomes (356–(418)–630 µm long x 100–(110)–120 µm wide) gently curved frontodistally, mostly broken off (Fig. 7A, B), with few pseudopores distally (Fig. 7B–D). Aperture circular (80–(84)–100 µm diameter), sometimes bicuspate. Laminar layer of internal wall formed by flattened, distally imbricated crystallites (Fig. 7E–F). Gonozooid not observed. Remarks. Two species of Mecynoecia have been recorded from Brazil, M. delicatula (Busk, 1875) and M. cf. smitti (Pergens, 1887) (see Marcus 1937; Buge 1979). Mecynoecia smitti differs from M. delicatula in having six to seven zooids around the branch circumference (cf. 8–10), longer peristomes (1500 µm cf. M. buski (Borg, 1944), was recorded from South America by Buge (1979). This has longer zooids (850–1400 µm), thicker branches (900–1200 µm) and larger apertures (150–190 µm) than M. cf. delicatula. Mecynoecia delicatula was previously described from São Paulo and Pernambuco states (Marcus 1937; Buge 1979). The Rio de Janeiro specimen is very similar to this material in all respects but, unfortunately, gonozooids are lacking, raising some doubts over the identity of the species (and even the genus). Ecology. Colonies found on artificial plates in a harbour, together with the cheilostome Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1753), in shallow (2 m) and calm water. Geographic distribution. Gulf of Mexico, Saint Helena, East Africa, Japan and Australia (Marcus 1937; Buge 1979). Brazil: São Paulo (Santos) and Pernambuco (Recife) States (Marcus 1937; Barbosa 1964; Buge 1979); Rio de Janeiro State (Baia da Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro city) (this study)., Published as part of Ramalho, L. V., Muricy, G. & Taylor, P. D., 2009, Cyclostomata (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, pp. 32-52 in Zootaxa 2057 on page 44, {"references":["Busk, G. (1875) Catalogue of marine Polyzoa in the collection of the British Museum, III. Cyclostomata. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 39 + [2] pp., 34 pls.","Marcus, E. (1937) Briozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Philosofia, Sciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 3 - 224, 29 pls.","Buge, E. (1979) Bryozoaires Cyclostomes. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique. Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la Calypso, n. s., 11, 55: 207 - 252.","Borg, F. (1944) The stenolaematous Bryozoa. Further Zoological Results of The Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903, 3, 5: 1 - 276, 16 pls.","Barbosa, M. M. (1964) Catalogo das especies atuais de Bryozoa do Brasil com indicacoes bibliograficas. Publicacoes avulsas do Museu Nacional, 1 - 50."]}

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações. Neste trabalho pretendemos aceder a constructos definidores das relações interpessoais como o Amor, Amizade, Paixão e Atracção. Esta questão é relevante, por exemplo, para saber se os instrumentos de medida utilizados para estes conceitos medem aquilo a que se propõem. Será que conseguem medir distintamente os sentimentos de Amor, Atracção, Paixão e Amizade? Ou será que na natureza humana estes sentimentos se sobrepõem de tal forma que é impossível separá-los objectivamente? Para o efeito, fizemos um levantamento exaustivo das formas avaliativas escritas utilizadas por diferentes instrumentos, de modo a aceder a cada um destes constructos, e realizámos um estudo correlacional que se propõe lançar uma nova perspectiva na interpretação da conceptualização dos sentimentos de atracção. Verificámos que os constructos se sobrepõem em diferentes graus, que homens e mulheres não percebem os constructos de forma semelhante, e que as mulheres respondem mais fielmente às escalas em estudo. Se os constructos são percebidos como conceptualmente diferentes para ambos os sexos, talvez se devam construir instrumentos que permitam esta dualidade conceptual. A replicação deste estudo é sugerida, a fim de se obter mais informação acerca deste tema. In this study we attempt to access defining constructs of interpersonal relationships like Love, Friendship, Passion, and Attraction. This is a relevant question to know, for instance, if the instruments used to measure these concepts are really measuring what they propose to. Do they really measure distinctly the feelings of Love, Friendship, Attraction, and Passion? Or is it that in the human nature they overlap in such way that it’s impossible to apart them objectively? We proceeded to an exhausting survey of the written forms of evaluation in several instruments and made a correlational study with the intent of giving a new perspective to the interpretation of the attraction feelings conceptualization. We found that the constructs overlap in different degrees, that men and women don’t perceive similarly the constructs, and that women respond more accurately to the scales in study. If the constructs are perceived as conceptually different for both sexes, then maybe the instruments should be elaborated in a way that enables this conceptual duality. We suggest the study replication in order to obtain further information on this theme.