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Fire damaged reinforced concrete buildings are often made usable by performing non-structural and cosmetic repairs. These types of repairs do not guarantee the safety of such buildings under the effect of future lateral loads, such as earthquakes. In this paper, an evaluation of the lateral load response of an RC fire damaged – building in Libya is presented. The building was used as a courtyard for the public and the fire visibly damaged some of its columns and beams. Material tests were conducted in situ and in the laboratory to evaluate the material strength of the building after the fire. Then, lateral load carrying capacity of the building before and after the fire was evaluated. Analysis results show that up to one-hour fire duration the building does not lose a considerable amount of its lateral strength; however, at about two and half hours fire duration, it lost about 30 percent of its lateral load carrying capacity. Lastly, analytically predicted residual strength material properties are in good agreement with material test results.

أجريت هذه الدراسة على خمسة أنواع من عسل النحل شملت عسل الحنون، عسل الربيع، عسل الزعتر، عسل السدر وعسل الكافور. تم تجميع عينات العسل عن طريق الاتصال المباشر بمربي النحل بعد موسم جني كل نوع مباشرةخلال الفترة من نهاية 2012 إلى بداية 2013. تم تقدير السكريات المختزلة وغير المختزلة وتأثير المعاملات الحرارية على محتوى الهيدروكسي ميثايل فورفورال في عينات العسل.أوضحت نتائج الدراسة أن محتوى السكريات المختزلة تراوح ما بين 70.36-76.2%، والسكريات غير المختزلة ما بين 2.1- 4.46%. وبلغت نسبة كلاً من الجلوكوز والفركتوز في عينات العسل 28.6- 33.6% و 38.3- 40.9% على التوالي. كانت قيم الهيدروكسي ميثايل فورفورال لكل العينات أقل من 40 مليجرام/كجم.حدثت زيادة تدريجية في محتوى الهيدروكسي ميثايل فورفورال في عينتي العسل التي عرضت لاشعة الشمس المباشرة حيث كان محتواه في عسل الزعتر والحنون في نهاية عملية التخزين 32.5 و33.1 ملجم/كجم على التوالي. تجاوزت قيمة الهيدروكسي ميثيل فورفورال بعد 48 ساعة من المعاملة الحرارية على 50 ºم القيمة المسموح بها (40 مغ/كغ ) في كل العينات في حين تجاوزت قيمة الهيدروكسي ميثيل فورفورال بعد 12 ساعة من المعاملة الحرارية على 70 ºم القيمة المسموح بها في كل العينات تقريباً. وقد كانت أكثر العينات تأثراً بالمعاملة الحرارية هي عينة عسل الحنون وأقلها عينة عسل الكافور.

تمت دراسة تقييم التأثيرات المختلفة لثلاث مبيدات حشرية على العمر اليرقى الرابع من السلالتين الحساسة و الحقلية لحشرة دودة ورق القطن Spodoptera littoralis (Biosd.) اثنين من مركبات الفسفور العضوية وهما Chloropyrifos and Pirimiphose-methylوالثالث منظم نمو حشري وهو Teflubenzuron وهى من المبيدات الموصى باستخدامها في العديد من البرامج العالمية لمكافحة العديد من الآفات الحشرية بما فيها الدودة الخبيثة. جرى تقييم هذه المركبات بطريقتين الأولى بالمعاملة السطحية وذلك لتحديد قيمة LD50 والـ LD90 والثانية بطريقة التغذية لتحديد قيمة LC50 و LC90 كما تم خلط مبيدات الفسفور العضوية مع منظم النمو و تحديد نسبة تكون العذارى وعدد العذارى ألمشوهه والطبيعية ونسبة الحشرات البالغة المشوهة ونسبة الموت في لحشرات البالغة. كانت المقاومة في السلالة الحقلية 55.8 مرة قدر السلالة الحساسة بالنسبة Chlorpyrifos أما بالنسبة لمبيد Pirimiphos-methyl فإن المقاومة في السلالة الحقلية كانت 63.6 مرة قدر السلالة الحساسة، وبالنسبة لمنظم النمو Teflubenzuron فإن الزيادة في المقاومة للسلالة الحقلية غير معنوية وعند خلط Teflubenzuron مع المبيدين الآخرين وجد أنه له تأثير إضافي على كلا المبيدين . دراسة التأثيرات المتأخرة أوضحت إن النسب المئوية لفشل العذارى تتراوح ما بين 35.6 إلى 80% وعدم وصول الحشرات إلى الطور البالغ يتراوح ما بين 60 -100% لمبيد Chlorpyriphos حسب الجرعات المستخدمة وأيضا مبيد Pirimiphos-methyl كانت نسبة التشوه في العذارى والحشرات البالغة ما بين 34.1 إلى 83.3% وعدم الوصول إلى الطور البالغ ما بين 60 – 100% حسب الجرعات المستخدمة أما بالنسبة لمركب (Teflubenzuron) وصلت نسبة التشوه في العذارى والبالغات ما بين 40-100% ، أما الفشل في الوصول إلى الطور البالغ فقد وصل إلى 78-100% .

إن للجهات الرقابية على الأغذية دوراً مهماً في تأكيد سلامة هذه الأغذية وجودتها، وقد أصبح وجود المضافات الغذائية المختلفة والمتنوعة في الغذاء المصنع أمراً طبيعياً لخدمة أهداف فنية معينة مثل زيادة فترة الصلاحية أو معالجة الخواص الفزيوكيميائية لهذه الأغذية ، غير أن مخاطرها الصحية عند عدم استعمالها بالنسب والمقررات المتفق عليها يجعلها موضع اهتمام الجهات الرقابية، وذلك لتجنب الخطر الذي قد ينشأ من عدم الاستعمال الصحيح للمضافات الغذائية أو وصول الملوثات المختلفة للغذاء ، من خلال استعراضنا لحالة الغذاء الموجود في السوق الليبي وذلك بدراسة نتائج الاختبارات المعملية والتي تجرى على كل الأغذية الموردة خاصة من المنافذ الشرقية ، وكذلك الأغذية المصنعة محلياً ، وجد أن معظم المواد المضافة للأغذية كمواد حافظة تتمثل في ثاني أكسيد الكبريت وبنزوات الصوديوم ، وقد لوحظ أن نسب معظم هذه المواد كانت بالنسب المصرح بها كما لوحظ وجود استعمال واضح للألوان الصناعية، ولوحظ عدم التوافق في بعض الأحيان بين بطاقة البيانات وبين الاشتراطات الموجودة في المواصفات الوطنية لتلك المواد، أما بالنسبة للاختبارات التي تجري فيما يخص الملوثات والتي تتمثل في الكشف الميكروبي للبكتيريا الممرضة والسموم الفطرية وكذلك المعادن الثقيلة وبقايا المبيدات فأوضحت نتائج التحاليل النوعي أن هناك العديد من العينات تحتوي على السموم الفطرية وخاصة في البقوليات. أما بالنسبة للعناصر الثقيلة فلوحظ تواجدها مثل الرصاص والنحاس والحديد بنسب أعلى من الحدود المسموح بها في عدد من العينات المختبرة ، ولم يلاحظ وجود كل من بقايا للمبيدات والمواد المشعة في أي من العينات التي تم اختبارها.

Abstract The accurate estimation of gas viscosity remains a pivotal concern for petroleum engineers, exerting substantial influence on the modeling efficacy of natural gas operations. Due to their time-consuming and costly nature, experimental measurements of gas viscosity are challenging. Data-based machine learning (ML) techniques afford a resourceful and less exhausting substitution, aiding research and industry at gas modeling that is incredible to reach in the laboratory. Statistical approaches were used to analyze the experimental data before applying machine learning. Seven machine learning techniques specifically Linear Regression, random forest (RF), decision trees, gradient boosting, K-nearest neighbors, Nu support vector regression (NuSVR), and artificial neural network (ANN) were applied for the prediction of methane (CH4), nitrogen (N2), and natural gas mixture viscosities. More than 4304 datasets from real experimental data utilizing pressure, temperature, and gas density were employed for developing ML models. Furthermore, three novel correlations have developed for the viscosity of CH4, N2, and composite gas using ANN. Results revealed that models and anticipated correlations predicted methane, nitrogen, and natural gas mixture viscosities with high precision. Results designated that the ANN, RF, and gradient Boosting models have performed better with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99 for testing data sets of methane, nitrogen, and natural gas mixture viscosities. However, linear regression and NuSVR have performed poorly with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.07 and − 0.01 respectively for testing data sets of nitrogen viscosity. Such machine learning models offer the industry and research a cost-effective and fast tool for accurately approximating the viscosities of methane, nitrogen, and gas mixture under normal and harsh conditions.

Abstract Under the envisioned smart grid paradigm, there is an increasing demand for a fast, accurate, and efficient power flow solution for distribution system operation and control. Various solution techniques have been proposed, each with its own unique formulation, solution methodology, advantages, and drawbacks. Motivated by challenges associated with the integration of renewable distributed energy resources and electric vehicles into distribution systems and further by the speed and convergence limitations of existing tools, this paper presents a novel graph‐based power flow solution for smart grid's real‐time operation and control, named Flow‐AugmentationPF algorithm. The proposed method formulates a power flow problem as a network‐flow problem and solves it by using a maximum‐flow algorithm, inspired by the push‐relabel max‐flow technique. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested and validated using several benchmark networks of different sizes, topologies, and parameters and compared against the most commonly used solution techniques and commercial software packages, namely PSS/E and PSCAD. The proposed formulation is simple, accurate, fast, yet computationally efficient, as it is based on matrix‐vector multiplication, and is also scalable, considering the formulation works as a graph‐based method, which, inherently, allows for parallel computation for added computational speed.

Abstract In a bid to address the energy-intensive nature of primary aluminum production, this study explores the solid-state recycling of aluminum alloy 6082 chips through direct hot extrusion. Compacted at room temperature, chips were extruded at temperatures (350, 425, and 500 °C) and reduction ratios (6, 8.5, and 11) to optimize mechanical properties. Extensive analyses, including ANOVA and linear regressions, of strength, density, and microstructure revealed significant influences of those extrusion parameters. Optimizing these parameters within the study's aforementioned working ranges can impact the recycled material's strength; with a 36% reduction ratio increase and 20% temperature increase modestly reducing ultimate strength (2%), while a 20% temperature increase alone lowers yield strength more noticeably (9%). These findings highlight the potential for enhanced recycling and sustainable manufacturing.

Abstract Amputation levels in Egypt and the surrounding neighborhood require a state intervention to localize the manufacturing of prosthetic feet. Amputations are mainly due to chronic diseases, accidents, and hostilities’ casualties. The prosthetic foot type is traditionally classified according to the number of axial rotational movements, and is recently classified according to the energy activeness of the foot. The localization of this industry needs a preliminary survey of the domestic technological levels with respect to the foot type. Upon the results of this survey, the energy storage response foot has appealing metrics to proceed with its manufacturing. A prototype manufacturing chain is designed and a set of these feet with a certain commercial size of 27 is manufactured. Resin impregnation technology for carbon fiber composites is followed in this work. The feet are tested according to ISO 22,675. Based on the dimensional and mechanical results, a manufacturing value chain is proposed with the prospective resin transfer molding technology. This value chain will guarantee the required localization as well as the natural growth of this value chain with all related activities like accreditation of practices as well as manpower certification.

This research evaluated the importance of establishing an integrated sprinkler irrigation design connected to fish farm ponds in order to achieve environmental and financial benefits. To achieve the aim of the study, two field experiments were conducted at a private farm in the Nubaria area of Beheira Governorate during the 2022 and 2023 seasons to quantify all the benefits from using fish water effluent (FWE) in irrigation. The obtained results indicated that the effluent could represent a good source of irrigation and bio-fertilization. The yield of tomato was higher when using FWE for irrigation compared with using groundwater for irrigation (IW). This was due to the additional amounts of dissolved bio-nitrogen along with other nutrients present in the FWE. The proportion of dissolved nitrogen added by using FWE was 22.3 kg nitrogen per hectare in 2022 and 24.6 kg nitrogen per hectare in 2023, in addition to some other major elements such as phosphorus and potassium, which are also among the main nutrients needed by crops. It has also been noticed that the fertility of the sandy soil increased with the use of FWE for irrigation. One of the most important results was the possibility of reducing the addition of nitrogen mineral fertilizers by 25%, thus saving on N fertilizers when growing tomato. In addition to the vitality of the FWE and its macro- and microelements, algae, microorganisms, and other organic materials, the use of this type of water as an alternative source for irrigation, along with the reduction in the amount of added mineral fertilizers, will reduce the degree of groundwater contamination with mineral fertilizers and increase the income of farmers. It was also observed that the air temperature decreased during the growing season when compared with the temperature of uncultivated surrounding areas.

Background: Numerous researches indicate that being overweight or obese may change how accessory glands are structured and function. As a result, it could be valuable to examine chemical markers of accessory glands as a means of identifying these changes.Aim of the work: This study aims at evaluating the effect of obesity on markers of accessory glands [seminal vesicles and prostate], epididymis and seminal parameters [volume, concentration, motility, morphology, viability] in infertile men.Patients and Methods: This study is a comparative cross-sectional study that included 50 males complaining from infertility, who were divided in two groups according to BMI; control group: BMI [18-25 kg/m2] and case group: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Semen analysis and markers of accessory gland were analyzed for all patients.Results: The semen volume, sperm count was significantly decreased in obese adults as compared to controls. The total motility, progressive motility ratio and ratio of immotile sperms all were affected among obese infertile men. Serum fructose, citric acid and alpha glucosidase levels were all affected among obese individuals with statistically significant difference [P=

The study of land cover/land use dynamics under climate change conditions is of great significance for improving sustainable ecological management. Understanding the relationships between land cover and land use changes and climate change is thus very important. Understanding the interactive and cumulative effects of climate and land-use changes are a priority for urban planners and policy makers. The present investigation is based on Landsat satellite imagery to explore changes in vegetation spatial distribution between the years from 2000 to2018 The methodology is focused on vegetation indexes tracking and algebraic overlay calculation to analyzed vegetation and their spatial differentiation, land cover change pattern, and the relationships between vegetation dynamics and land cover change in Dhofar Governorate. The study results have revealed that the vegetation vigor is lower in all years compared to 2000. The scene of 2010 shows the minimum vegetation vigor, overall. Besides, the investigation shows a statistical relationship between rainfall and the status of the health of vegetation. Monsoon rainfall has an impact of the growth of vegetation. Between 2012 and 2013, the vegetation activity shows a decreasing trend. The analysis diagnoses an area affected by the worst degree of aridity situated in the southeastern of Dhofar Mountains. Climate change is the main driving factor resulted from both human activities and rainfall fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]