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Objective: To assess the bacterial colonisation of mice organs and faeces infected with 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, to measure levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, tumour necrosis factor-beta and interleukin-6 in mice serum, and to evaluate immune response of mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Method: The animal study was conducted at Kafreslsheikh University, Egypt, in 2021, and comprised mice 5-7 weeks old who were infected with 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae; K80uge+ (uri, kfu+, mrkD+; K68 gyrA+(gyrase A), mrkD+; and K84 uge+, kfu+, mrkD+”. They were monitored for 14 days. The bacterial colonisation of mice livers, lungs, spleens and faeces were determined using culture on MacConkey agar. The percentage of neutrophils detected as cluster of differentiation 11b+ and cluster of differentiation 45+ in the mice serum was determined by flow cytometry. Levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and tumour necrosis factor-beta were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There were 4 sets of female mice [1 control and 3 infected groups for which 3 K. pneumoniae strains (K80 uge+, kfu+, mrkD+; K68 gyrA+, mrkD+; and K84 “uge+, kfu+, mrkD+)] weighing 13-24gm was used. Colonisation of mice organs and faeces was high after 24 hours then declined rapidly after 3 days, 10 days and 14 days in case of infection with capsulated and non-capsulated strains of bacteria. Livers, lungs and spleens showed maximum inflammation after 24 hours, then declined rapidly. Both cytokine production and organ inflammation increased after one day of infection. There was a significant correlation between the produced cytokines and histopathological changes in liver, lung and spleen. The neutrophils increase in case of infection with K84 and K80 was more than non-capsulated K68. Conclusion: Neutrophils were found to play an important role in the clearance and treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Keywords: Mice, Interleukin, Neutrophils, Spleen, Cytometry, Lung, Inflammation, Liver, Faeces, Enzyme, Immunity.

Objective: To genotypically assess the relationship between certain resistance and virulence determinants. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, from March 2019 to May 2021, and comprised pathological samples, like blood, sputum, urine, vaginal swabs and wound swabs, that had been taken from patients who had never received treatment. The sample were collected from Kafrelsheikh and Mansoura University hospitals, and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were obtained. Resistance and virulence determinants were tested phenotypically. Uniplex polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the presence of several resistanceaccompanied genes and virulence genes in the isolates. Disc diffusion method was used to assess the isolates’ susceptibility in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria for identifying diverse resistance patterns. Results: There were 23 isolates from 16 patients. Of the tested isolates, 22(95.65%) showed drug resistance; 19(82.6%) had multidrug resistance, and 3(13.04%) had extensive drug resistance. There was no case of pan drug resistance. CTX-M-15, NDM, CTX-M-1, VIM-1 and qnr B genes were detected in 14(60.86%), 13(56.5%), 6(26.08%), 6(26.08%) and 6(26.08%) isolates, respectively. Moreover, 6(26.08%) isolates exhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers, and 12(52.17%) of such isolates contained both CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15 genes, 6 and 33.3% contained CTX-M-1, CTXM- 15 and fox genes. Type 3 fimbriae adhesin mrkD and mucoviscosity regulatory gene uge were found in the tested isolates. However, gene of iron uptake system kfu was found in 8(34.78%) isolates, and increased serum survival protein is and mucoviscosity accompanied gene magA were detected in 3(13.04%) isolates. A direct correlation was found among 5 from 8 Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes. Conclusion: There was a direct correlation between the existence of virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials. Keywords: Lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Anti-bacterial, Virulence, Bacterial, Genes.

Objective: To assess the potential role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 as a staging marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. Method: The experimental study was conducted at Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, from December 2020 to March 2022 after approval from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, and comprised male albino rats. The subjects were divided into 4 groups. The control group was administrated a single intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, while the other groups were generated post-induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. The induction was done by injecting rats intraperitoneally with a single dose of 200mg/kg diethyl nitrosamine, followed by the administration of 0.05% phenobarbital sodium in drinking water daily. Rats were euthanised at 8, 16 and 24 weeks after the injection to obtain three groups related to the 3 stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum was used for measuring the alpha protein level. Liver homogenates were used for the assessment of the hepatic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 expression, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein expression, and the hepatic content of matrix metalloproteinase -9 and cyclin D1. Data was analysed using Graph Prism 8. Results: Of the 24 rats with weight range 120-130g, 6(25%) were in each of the 4 groups. The relative protein and messenger ribonucleic acid tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 expressions were significantly decreased in the intervention groups compared to the control group, with more decline as the hepatocellular carcinoma stage increased. The matrix metalloproteinase -9 and cyclin D1 concentrations and the relative hepatic protein Ki67 expression were significantly raised in the intervention groups compared to the control group (p

The study focuses on the integration of a fuzzy logic-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system, an optimized proportional Integral-based voltage controller, and the Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm into a solar PV battery setup. This integrated approach aims to enhance energy harvesting efficiency under varying environmental conditions. The study’s innovation lies in effectively addressing challenges posed by diverse environmental factors and loads. The utilization of MATLAB 2022a Simulink for modeling and the Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm for PI-controller tuning further strengthens our findings. Testing scenarios, including constant and variable irradiation, underscore the significant enhancements achieved through the integration of fuzzy MPPT and the Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm with the PI-based voltage controller. These enhancements encompass improved power extraction, optimized voltage regulation, swift settling times, and overall efficiency gains.

Foams used in drilling can be contaminated by formation influx containing oil. The stability and flow behavior of foam are affected when it comes into contact with oil. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of oil on foam drainage and rheology under high-pressure conditions.Drainage and rheology experiments were performed introducing different types of oils (mineral oil, light crude oil, and heavy crude oil) into the surfactant solution at varying concentrations. The tests were performed at three different foam qualities (40%, 50% & 60%). To determine the drainage, the foam was first generated in a flow loop and its rheology was measured. Subsequently, its drainage was evaluated by trapping it in a vertical test section (stability cell) and measuring the pressure profile of the foam column trapped in the cell using ten pressure sensors. The foam drainage was determined as a function of time by analyzing the pressure profile data. Tests were conducted under ambient temperature (25 ± 3 °C).The results show how the foam drainage and rheology were affected by oil type and concentration. Low-quality foam (40%) showed a slight stabilizing effect with increasing mineral oil concentration. However, high-quality foams (50% and 60%) destabilized with increasing the concentration of the mineral oil. Crude oil type was found to affect the stability of the foams. Light crude oil had a more destabilizing effect as compared to heavy crude oil.

Oilfield-produced water (PW) can be cleaned using a variety of techniques. However, traditional methods are often expensive and can generate secondary waste that pollutes the environment. In addition, PWs contain highly stable micronized dispersed oil, which makes conventional treatment ineffective in meeting regulatory requirements. As a result of their unique properties, magnetized nanoparticles can effectively remove emulsified and dissolved oil from PW. This study aims to evaluate the residual oil removal efficiency of bare maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles in treating oilfield-produced water (produced water).Several techniques for manufacturing maghemite nanoparticles were evaluated to select one that is both cost-effective and produces high-quality nanoparticles. After manufacturing nanoparticles with the selected method, the mineral composition and properties of the nanoparticles were determined. Subsequent experiments used synthetic and commercial nanoparticles to treat samples of PWs derived from oil and gas wells. By measuring the oil content of PW before and after treatment, the removal efficiencies of the nanoparticles were determined. Nanoparticles were recovered from treated PW samples, washed, and reused. Over ten times, they were recycled. The recycling potential of nanoparticles is evaluated by assessing the reduction in oil removal efficiency after recycling. Using fresh nanoparticles, over 98% of residual oil can be removed. Even after recycling more than 11 times, the oil content of treated PW samples was below the disposal limit. However, a slight reduction in the efficiency of the nanoparticles was observed. The reduction could be attributed to their dissolution in water and carryover during the treatment/demulsification operation.

The scope of this study includes modeling and experimental investigation of sulfide stress cracking (SSC) of high-strength carbon steel. A model has been developed to predict hydrogen permeation in steel for a given pressure and temperature condition. The model is validated with existing and new laboratory measurements. The experiments were performed using C-110 grade steel specimens. The specimens were aged in 2% (wt.) brine saturated with mixed gas containing CH4, CO2, and H2S. The concentration H2S was maintained constant (280 ppm) while varying the partial pressure ratio of CO2 (i.e., the ratio of partial pressure of CO2 to the total pressure) from 0 to 15%. The changes occurring in the mechanical properties of the specimens were evaluated after exposure to assess material embrittlement and SSC corrosion. Besides this, the cracks developed on the surface of the specimens were examined using an optical microscope. Results show that the hydrogen permeation, and subsequently SSC resistance, of C-110 grade steel were strongly influenced by the Partial Pressure Ratio (PPR) of CO2 when the PPR was between 0 and 5%. The PPR of CO2 had a limited impact on the SSC process when it was between 10 and 15 percent.

Bisphenol A(BPA) an endocrine disruptor used in the manufacturing process of plastic. BPA low doses on long exposure periods had many hazardous effects. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of lowest dose of BPA on the male induced orally on the at reproductive performance and changes in the testes that takes place histologically. P53 gene expression by Realtime PCR was also evaluated. Seventy- two albino male rats were divided into two groups, group I (control male rats receiving corn oil only). Group II (64 male rats) which was treated with oral doses of 50 µg/ kg/ day daily for 8 weeks. Every week 8 male rats were dissected and subjected to the investigated parameters. BPA treated groups presented decrease in sperms count, motility, progression and viability as well as a significant increase in sperms head or/and tail abnormalities were recognized. Histology of the testes showed abnormal and irregular organization of seminiferous tubules and decreased sperms in the testes lumen. Moreover, up-regulation in p53 expression was recorded after BPA exposure. In conclusion, these results showed that exposure to BPA at low dose 50µg/kg can cause many reproductive disorders which may impair fertility.

An efficient one-pot synthesis of N2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine derivatives was developed by reacting 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrazole with aromatic aldehydes and cyanamide in pyridine under controlled microwave heating with high yields. X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure of the obtained products.

Abstract Background At present, agricultural production management techniques focus on greater commitment to environmental sustainability. As such, this study was carried out during two successive seasons (2018 and 2019) to investigate the impact of two natural bio-stimulant substances: humic acid (H) and milagro (M) on vegetative growth and nutritional status of Nonpareil almond young trees grown in Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre, Nubaria, El Behera governorate, Egypt. Three-year-old uniform trees were treated at the beginning of growth season by soil application of humic acid (H) and foliar spray of milagro (M) bio-stimulant. There were ten treatments as follows: control (untreated seedlings),10 g humic acid plus 10 ml/l milagro, 20 g humic acid plus 10 ml/l milagro, 30 g humic acid plus 10 ml/l milagro,10 g humic acid plus 20 ml/l milagro, 20 g humic acid plus 20 ml/l milagro, 30 g humic acid plus 20 ml/l milagro, 10 g humic acid plus 30 ml/l milagro, 20 g humic acid plus 30 ml/l milagro, and 30 g humic acid plus 30 ml/l milagro. Results The results showed that different treatments improved the vegetative growth of seedlings, stem length, diameter, number of branches and leaves, leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight, and specific leaf dry weight as well as leaf chlorophylls and minerals content comparing with untreated young trees. Conclusions Soil application of 30 g humic acid along with 30 ml/l milagro per young tree as foliar spray was the promising treatment as a new fertilization technique that is non-chemical, low-cost, and environmentally safe for improving growth and nutritional status of Nonpareil almond young trees under Nubaria conditions.

Rust, induced by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus, is one of the most serious bean diseases. The involved mechanisms in rust resistance were evaluated in 10 common bean genotypes during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The disease parameters such as final rust severity (FRS%), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease increase rate (r-value) were lower in the resistant genotypes than in highly susceptible genotypes. Biochemical compounds such as total phenols and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were increased in the resistant genotypes compared to susceptible genotypes. In the resistance genotypes, the levels of oxidative stress markers such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•−) increased dramatically after infection. The electrolyte leakage percentage (EL%), was found to be much greater in susceptible genotypes than resistant genotypes. The resistant gene SA14, which was found in genotypes Nebraska and Calypso at 800 bp, had an adequate level of resistance to bean rust with high grain yield potential. After infection, the transcriptions levels of 1,3-D-glucanases and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) were higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes. In conclusion, the resistant genotypes successfully displayed desirable agronomic traits and promising expectations in breeding programs for improving management strategies of common bean rust disease. The resistance was mediated by antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds, and defense gene expressions, as well as the resistant gene SA14.

This study focuses on analyzing the turbulent flow of drilling fluid in inclined wells using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. The analysis is performed considering an annulus with a fixed eccentricity of 90% and varying fluid properties, diameter ratio, and bed thickness to examine velocity profile, pressure loss, and overall wall and average bed shear stresses. CFD simulation results are compared with existing data for validation. The pressure loss predicted with CFD agrees with the data. After verification, predictions are used to establish a correlation that can be applied to compute bed shear stress. The established correlation mostly displays a discrepancy of up to 10% when compared with simulation data. The correlation can be used to optimize hole cleaning and manage downhole pressure.

The properties of foams are often affected by environmental variables such as salt contamination. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of salt on the drainage behavior of aqueous foams. To accomplish this objective, drainage experiments were conducted on aqueous foams. Test variables were foam quality (40–65%), and salt content (0% to 18%), and type. To investigate drainage, the foam was generated in a flow loop and trapped in a vertical test section. Then, the pressure profile in the foam column was measured using ten pressure sensors. Foam drainage is determined as a function of time using measured pressure profiles. The results show that the drainage of NaCl-containing foams decreased with foam quality, whereas the CaCl2-containing foams did not exhibit a clear trend with foam quality. The effect of salt content on foam rheology was minimal.

New 1,2,4-triazole colorants were obtained, in high yields, by coupling 3-ethylthio-5-cyanomethyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole (1) with diazotized aniline derivatives 2, 4 and 6. The azo dyes prepared in this work may exist in three tautomeric forms. We found that the tautomerism is influenced mainly by the nature of substituent at the para position of the aniline coupling component. This tautomerisation was observed in the NMR spectra of the dyes. The dyes were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques.

A one-pot and clean synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles via the ambient temperature reaction of 2-aminothiophenols and aromatic aldehydes without catalyst in glycerol as a green solvent has been reported.

The multicomponent reaction of 5-aminopyrazole derivatives with cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMFDMA) in DMF at 150 °C under controlled microwave heating afforded regioselectively 8,9-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-6(7H)-ones 6 rather than the corresponding dihydropyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-8(5H)-ones 4.

A convenient, fast and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of a new series of highly functionalized N-alkylated pyridines as privileged medicinal scaffolds was developed via a unique three-component reaction of easily available aromatic as well as heteroaromatic aldehydes, N-alkyl-2-cyanoacetamides and malononitrile in EtOH in the presence of K2CO3 as a base promoter under microwave irradiation. The presented tandem process is presumed to proceed via Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, autoxidation and subsequent aromatization. Particularly valuable features of this protocol, including high product yields, mild conditions, atom-efficiency, simple execution, short reaction times and easy purification make it a highly efficient and promising synthetic strategy to prepare substituted pyridine nuclei. The proposed mechanism of this novel one-pot reaction and structure elucidation of the products are discussed.

A one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles from the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and aromatic aldehydes catalysed by cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) is reported.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of two variables, namely, moral disengagement, parental monitoring on one outcome measure, namely, cyberbullying. Moreover, it aimed to investigate the relative contribution of moral disengagement, parental monitoring to cyberbullying among first year secondary school students in Egypt. Additionally, the aim was to find out if there were correlations between and among moral disengagement, parental monitoring and cyberbullying among first year secondary school students. A total of 140 (80 males, and 60 females) students participated in this study. They ranged in age from 15 to 16 years (M = 15.90, SD = 1.03). Quantitative survey research was employed. The Cyberbullying-specific Moral Disengagement Questionnaire (CBMDQ-15) (DAY and LAZURAS (2016), Parental Monitoring Scale (Kerr, Stattin and Burk, 2010) and Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory (RCBI, Erdur-Baker and Kavsut 2007) were employed for data collection. Findings indicated that moral disengagement correlated negatively with parental monitoring. On the other hand, moral disengagement was found to be positively correlated with cyberbullying. As predicted, moral disengagement related positively and significantly to students' cyberbullying. The two independent variables (moral disengagement, parental monitoring), as presented in table 2, when put together yielded a coefficient of multiple regression (R) of 0.631 and a multiple correlation square of 0.626. This shows that 62.6% of the total variance in cyberbullying of those who participated in the study is accounted for by the combination of moral disengagement, parental monitoring.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of two variables, namely, moral disengagement, parental monitoring on one outcome measure, namely, cyberbullying. Moreover, it aimed to investigate the relative contribution of moral disengagement, parental monitoring to cyberbullying among first year secondary school students in Egypt. Additionally, the aim was to find out if there were correlations between and among moral disengagement, parental monitoring and cyberbullying among first year secondary school students. A total of 140 (80 males, and 60 females) students participated in this study. They ranged in age from 15 to 16 years (M = 15.90, SD =1.03). Quantitative survey research was employed. The Cyberbullying-specific Moral Disengagement Questionnaire (CBMDQ-15) (DAY and LAZURAS (2016), Parental Monitoring Scale (Kerr, Stattin and Burk, 2010) and Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory (RCBI, Erdur-Baker and Kavsut, 2007) were employed for data collection. Findings indicated that moral disengagement correlated negatively with parental monitoring. On the other hand, moral disengagement was found to be positively correlated with cyberbullying. As predicted, moral disengagement related positively and significantly to students' cyberbullying. The two independent variables (moral disengagement, parental monitoring), as presented in table 2, when put together yielded a coefficient of multiple regression (R) of 0.631 and a multiple correlation square of 0.626. This shows that 62.6% of the total variance in cyberbullying of those who participated in the study is accounted for by the combination of moral disengagement, parental monitoring.