66 results on '"Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan"'
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2. Editorial: Methods in industrial biotechnology and bioprocess engineering—Microalgae as a source of valuable compounds
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Govindarajan Ramadoss, Imran Y. Pancha, and Aran Incharoensakdi
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biofuels ,cyanobacteria ,inhibitors ,microalgae ,wastewater ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Published
- 2023
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Catalog
3. Microalgal feedstock for the production of omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters and ɛ-polylysine
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Govindarajan Ramadoss, Subramaniyam Suresh, Sivamani Poornima, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, and Aran Incharoensakdi
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ɛ-polylysine ,Microalgae ,Omega-3 fatty acids ,Potassium carbonate ,Transesterification ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Microalgal omega-3 fatty acids are considered as an efficient alternative for fish-based omega-3 fatty acids. Ethyl esters derived from omega-3 fatty acids are being considered as the drug for hypertriglyceridemia. In this study, omega-3 fatty acids rich Chlorella sp. was utilized for the transesterification for the ethyl ester production using a potassium carbonate alkaline catalyst. At the optimized conditions of transesterification, 86.2% ethyl ester yield was achieved with solvent to algae ratio (20 mL/g), water addition (45 %), catalyst (4 %), temperature (75°C), and reaction time (60 min). Additionally, the acid-hydrolysed spent biomass was used for the production of ɛ-polylysine by fermentation using Streptomyces sp. as fermentative organism. The maximum yield of 1.78 g/L was achieved after 90 h fermentation. This study established a biorefinery approach where two highly valuable compounds could be produced from the Chlorella sp. by transesterification followed by fermentation. more...
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- 2021
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4. Plant hormone induced enrichment of Chlorella sp. omega-3 fatty acids
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan and Aran Incharoensakdi
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Docosahexaenoic acid ,Eicosapentaenoic acid ,Plant hormone ,ROS, Antioxidant enzymes, Microalgae ,Fuel ,TP315-360 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Abstract Background Omega-3 fatty acids have various health benefits in combating against neurological problems, cancers, cardiac problems and hypertriglyceridemia. The main dietary omega-3 fatty acids are obtained from marine fish. Due to the pollution of marine environment, recently microalgae are considered as the promising source for the omega-3 fatty acid production. However, the demand and high production cost associated with microalgal biomass make it necessary to implement novel strategies in improving the biomass and omega-3 fatty acids from microalgae. Results Four plant hormones zeatin, indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GBA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated for their effect on the production of biomass and lipid in isolated Chlorella sp. The cells showed an increase of the biomass and lipid content after treatments with the plant hormones where the highest stimulatory effect was observed in ABA-treated cells. On the other hand, IAA showed the highest stimulatory effect on the omega-3 fatty acids content, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (23.25%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (26.06%). On the other hand, cells treated with ABA had highest lipid content suitable for the biodiesel applications. The determination of ROS markers, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acid biosynthesis genes after plant hormones treatment helped elucidate the mechanism underlying the improvement in biomass, lipid content and omega-3 fatty acids. All four plant hormones upregulated the fatty acid biosynthesis genes, whereas IAA particularly increased omega-3-fatty acids as a result of the upregulation of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase. Conclusions The contents of omega-3 fatty acids, the clinically important compounds, were considerably improved in IAA-treated cells. The highest lipid content obtained from ABA-treated biomass can be used for biodiesel application according to its biodiesel properties. The EPA and DHA enriched ethyl esters are an approved form of omega-3 fatty acids by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which can be utilized as the therapeutic treatment for the severe hypertriglyceridemia. more...
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- 2020
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5. A data driven recurrent neural network approach for reproduction of variable visuo-haptic force feedback in surgical tool insertion
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Sabique, P.V., Pasupathy, Ganesh, and Ramachandran, Sivaramakrishnan
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- 2024
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6. Investigating the influence of dimensionality reduction on force estimation in robotic-assisted surgery using recurrent and convolutional networks
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Sabique, P.V., Pasupathy, Ganesh, Ramachandran, Sivaramakrishnan, and Shanmugasundar, G.
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- 2023
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7. A Data Driven Recurrent Neural Network Approach for Reproduction of Variable Visuo-Haptic Force Feedback in Surgical Tool Insertion
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Sabique, P.V., primary, Pasupathy, Ganesh, additional, and Ramachandran, Sivaramakrishnan, additional
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- 2023
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8. In silico molecular docking approach and in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of Ixora brachiata Roxb
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Kamaraj Veeramuthu, Pushparaj Annadurai, Daniel A. Gideon, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Balamurugan Sundarrajan, Kandavel Dhandayuthapani, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Bioengineering ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2023
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9. Processing of electroplating industry wastewater through dual chambered microbial fuel cells (MFC) for simultaneous treatment of wastewater and green fuel production
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Shri Vigneshwar Sivakumar, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Ushani Uthirakrishnan, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Jayaseelan Arun, Swetha Authilingam, and Tamilarasan Karuppiah
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Microbial fuel cell ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Raw material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Pulp and paper industry ,Industrial wastewater treatment ,Fuel Technology ,Electricity generation ,Wastewater ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,Organic matter ,Sewage treatment ,Total suspended solids - Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) provide a breakthrough development for wastewater treatment combined with electricity production. Though, MFC applications are restricted in laboratory scale level. Present study an effort has been made to employ the electroplating industrial wastewater as feedstock in dual chambered anaerobic microbial fuel cell for organic content removal as well as energy production. The ultimate goal of this research is to analyze the effect of organic load (OL) on removal of organic matter and power production. The maximum removal efficiency of total, soluble oxygen demands (TCOD, SCOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) of about 87%, 79% and 72% respectively was obtained at the OL of 1.5 gCOD/L. The maximum power and current density of about 260 mW/m2 (6.2 W/m3) and 364 mA/m2 was also recorded at a same OL of 1.5 gCOD/L. From the above findings proposed that utilization of high strength organic wastewater in MFC could pave the way to handle the problem of electroplating industries as well as minimize a small portion of energy demand. more...
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- 2022
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10. Role of Thermophilic Microorganisms and Thermostable Enzymes in 2G Biofuel Production
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Govindarajan Ramadoss, Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam, and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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- 2023
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11. Nigella sativa flavonoids surface coated gold NPs (Au-NPs) enhancing antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity
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Sujin P. Jose, R. Ilangovan, Subha Veeramani, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Ilangovan Rishivarathan, Arya P. Narayanan, and Kousika Yuvaraj
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inorganic chemicals ,Antioxidant ,Chemistry ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Nigella sativa ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,Decoction ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Anthraquinone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phytochemical ,medicine ,health care economics and organizations ,Thymoquinone ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
In the present investigation, gold NPs (Au-NPs) were synthesized via seed decoction of Nigella sativa, in which, the aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa acted as a reducing agent as well as coated on Au-NPs surface. Herein, an attempt was made to develop a rapid and biocompatible method to synthesize gold NPs by phytofabrication for anti-diabetic applications. The Nigella sativa seed extract and the Au-NPs synthesized using Nigella sativa exhibited a good antioxidant property, which was determined by the 2, 2- Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assay. These Au-NPs exhibited 78 % of anti- diabetic property, which was confirmed by α- amylase method. The synthesized nanoparticle Au-NPs size was confirmed by using SEM and TEM. The functional groups (thymoqninone) present in the seed extract as well as Au-NPs were analysed by FTIR. The major functional group i.e. thymoquinone was confirmed by the anthraquinone test and it is responsible for the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anticancer properties of the Au-NPs. The phytochemical based nanoparticle prepared in this work showed efficient anti-diabetic activities and it can be considered for the medical applications. In addition, phytochemical based nanoparticle synthesis is safe, eco-friendly, biocompatible, and cost effective. more...
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- 2022
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12. Deciphering the pharmacological potentials of Aganosma cymosa (Roxb.) G. Don using in vitro and computational methods
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Pushparaj Annadurai, Daniel A. Gideon, Vijay Nirusimhan, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Kandavel Dhandayuthapani, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Bioengineering ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2022
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13. Synthesis and characterization of paddy straw chitosan nanocomposite as an efficient photocatalytic bio-adsorbent for the removal of rhodamine B and malachite green dye from aqueous solution
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Selvakumar Sakthivel, Rajiv Periakaruppan, Sugumari Vallinayagam, Sakthivel Gandhi, Mohammad Munawar Tappa, Vipin Kumar Sharma, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Subramaniyam Suresh, and Annadurai Gurusamy more...
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Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Cell Biology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2022
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14. Curcumin nanospheres and nanorods: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity
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Abbu Rajasekar, Thiyagarajan Devasena, Subramaniyam Suresh, Bakthavachalam Senthil, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Bioengineering ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2022
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15. Anti-fouling potential and in-silico analysis of carotenoid and fatty acids from Rauvolfia tetraphylla L
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Prasanth Ravi, Subasankari Kumaresan, Jeyapragash Danaraj, Ushani Uthirakrishnan, Sureshkumar Pandian, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Sebastin Belcia Prakasam, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Biochemistry ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2023
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16. Scenedesmus sp. strain SD07 cultivation in municipal wastewater for pollutant removal and production of lipid and exopolysaccharides
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Sivagnanam Silambarasan, Peter Logeswari, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Aran Incharoensakdi, Balu Kamaraj, and Pablo Cornejo
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Biochemistry ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In this study, an efficient microalgal strain SD07 was isolated from pond wastewater and identified as Scenedesmus sp. using the 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain SD07 was grown in a variety of concentrations (25-100%) of municipal wastewater. Scenedesmus sp. strain SD07 grown in 75% diluted wastewater produced a higher amount of biomass (1.93 ± 0.10 g L more...
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- 2022
17. Photo‐catalytic reforming of aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction of <scp> Nostoc ellipsosporum </scp> for bio‐hydrogen production
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Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Authilingam Swetha, Sivakumar Shri Vigneshwar, Jayaseelan Arun, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Photo catalytic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrothermal liquefaction ,Fuel Technology ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Titanium dioxide ,Aqueous two-phase system ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Nostoc ellipsosporum ,Hydrogen production - Published
- 2021
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18. Co-hydrothermal gasification of microbial sludge and algae Kappaphycus alvarezii for bio-hydrogen production: Study on aqueous phase reforming
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Kannapan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Rajagopal Malolan, Pattabhiraman Srinivaasan Ajay, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Ramesh Sai Jayaraman, Jayaseelan Arun, and Srikanth Adithya
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biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Raw material ,Microbial consortium ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fuel Technology ,Kappaphycus alvarezii ,Algae ,Wastewater ,Sewage treatment ,0210 nano-technology ,Hydrogen production - Abstract
In this study, wastewater obtained from a sewage treatment plant was treated successively by using microbial consortium and macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii to generate microbial sludge and algal biomass. The production of green fuel was carried out via co-gasification of microbial sludge and macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii for a duration of 60 min, feedstock to solvent ratio (5 to 20 g of feedstock in 200 mL), sludge to algae ratio (ranging from 1:1 to 3:1) and temperature (300–400 °C) respectively. Maximum bio-hydrogen yield was 36.1% and methane yield was 38.4% at a temperature of 360 °C at a feedstock to solvent ratio of 15:200 g/mL and sludge to algae ratio of 2:1 individually. The liquid by product of co-gasification process was later subjected to photocatalytic reforming, resulted in an enhanced hydrogen composition of 61.25%. more...
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- 2021
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19. Pretreatment of second and third generation feedstock for enhanced biohythane production: Challenges, recent trends and perspectives
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Manigandan Sekar, Kathirvel Brindhadevi, Eldon R. Rene, Sabarathinam Shanmugam, Ee Shen Ong, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Tirath Raj, Alija Haydar Rabbani, and Thangavel Mathimani more...
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Raw material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Third generation ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fuel Technology ,Biofuel ,Yield (chemistry) ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Fermentation ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
In the context of biofuel production and achieving sustainable bioeconomy, the use of lignocellulosic and algae biomass in anaerobic fermentation processes yields biohythane that has a typical composition of 10–15% H2, 50–55% CH4 and 30–40% CO2. Using organic biomass-based substrates has been shown to minimize environmental impacts due to the versatile production of high-value products under normal operating conditions that are practically achievable. However, the biohythane yield depends on different factors such as the biomass type, the organic loading rate, soluble metabolic products formed, the type of fermentation (single/dual stage) and the pretreatment strategy adopted for the biomass. Different pretreatment strategies based on physical, chemical and biological processes have been proposed in the literature. In this review, improvements in biohythane yield as a result of these pretreatment strategies, the need/effect of inoculum enrichment, the effects of pH, temperature, trace element addition and organic loading rate has been reviewed. Finally, the major developments of improving biohythane yield due to the addition of co-substrates and the current trends are discussed. more...
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- 2021
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20. Impact of nano-ZnO consolidated poly (ether ether sulfone) nano filtration membrane for evacuation of hazardous metal particles
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Purushothaman Maheswari, Doraiswamy Raju Mohan, Adhikesavan Hari Krishnan, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Environmental Engineering ,Nitrates ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Membranes, Artificial ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pollution ,Ether ,Fluorides ,Metals, Heavy ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Sulfones ,Ethers - Abstract
Industrial wastewater contains heavy metals, colors, dyes, cyanides, and natural manufactured compounds are expanding around the world. It prompts extreme water shortage just as water quality issues. With enhancing worldwide interest for clean and reestablish water for human utilization. Wastewater treatment with membrane innovation is arising as a main cycle to address the issues. In this current work, we have found the expulsion of dangerous metal particles utilizing a nano-ZnO (0.5 wt%) incorporated poly (ether ether sulfone) (PEES) nanofiltration membrane. The created membranes were reviewed by ATR-FTIR, AFM, SEM investigations, XRD, contact angle estimation, mechanical properties, pure water flux, porosity and molecular weight cut-off, arsenic, fluoride, and nitrate rejection studies were illustrated. Because of the hydrophilic nature of ZnO, the resultant membranes had better hydrophilicity than PEES membranes based on porosity, water content, surface chemistry, membrane morphology, and contact angle data. The Nano-ZnO incorporated membrane demonstrated a superior quality execution contrasted with neat PEES membrane. We discovered that the rejection of As(III) and As (V) were85% and98% separately, and an expanded permeability of 559.28 ± 2 Lm more...
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- 2021
21. Dosimetric Study for the Feasibility of Carotid Sparing Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Early Glottic Cancer
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Vasanthakumary, Preeya, primary, Karumathil, Anilkumar, additional, David, Gargy Anjolian, additional, Ramachandran, Sivaramakrishnan, additional, and Nair, Anjana Sasikumar, additional
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- 2022
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22. Amelioration of aluminum phytotoxicity in Solanum lycopersicum by co-inoculation of plant growth promoting Kosakonia radicincitans strain CABV2 and Streptomyces corchorusii strain CASL5
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Sivagnanam Silambarasan, Peter Logeswari, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Pablo Cornejo, Merry Krisdawati Sipahutar, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Soil ,Environmental Engineering ,Enterobacteriaceae ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Chlorophyll A ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Plant Roots ,Streptomyces ,Aluminum - Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main constraint for crop cultivation in acidic soils. In this study, Al-tolerant rhizobacteria Kosakonia radicincitans (CABV2) and actinobacteria Streptomyces corchorusii (CASL5) were isolated from Beta vulgaris rhizosphere in acidic soil. Both isolates displayed high tolerance to Al (10 mM), produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate and solubilize phosphate. Co-inoculation of CABV2 and CASL5 strains were significantly increased the root length (312.90%), shoot length (183.19%), fresh weight (224.82%), dry weight (309.25%) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a 279.69%, chlorophyll b 188.23% and carotenoids 158.20%) of Solanum lycopersicum plants under 300 mg Al kg more...
- Published
- 2021
23. Microalgal feedstock for the production of omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters and ɛ-polylysine
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Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Govindarajan Ramadoss, Sivamani Poornima, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Subramaniyam Suresh, and Aran Incharoensakdi
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Chromatography ,Chemistry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Transesterification ,Biorefinery ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Catalysis ,Solvent ,Potassium carbonate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Yield (chemistry) ,Microalgae ,Omega-3 fatty acids ,Fermentation ,Omega 3 fatty acid ,Articles from the Special Issue on Biotechnological valorization of biomass to fuels and chemicals and Bioproducts - ICAFE 2019 ,Edited by Gopalakrishnan Kumar, Muhammad Ashlam, and Chyi-how lay ,ɛ-polylysine ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Highlights • Microalgal omega-3 fatty acids can be an alternative for fish based omega-3 fatty acids. • Potassium carbonate is the efficient catalyst for the ethyl ester production. • ɛ-polylysine can be produced from the spent biomass after transesterification. • Co-production of two products could be the promising bio-refinery approach., Microalgal omega-3 fatty acids are considered as an efficient alternative for fish-based omega-3 fatty acids. Ethyl esters derived from omega-3 fatty acids are being considered as the drug for hypertriglyceridemia. In this study, omega-3 fatty acids rich Chlorella sp. was utilized for the transesterification for the ethyl ester production using a potassium carbonate alkaline catalyst. At the optimized conditions of transesterification, 86.2% ethyl ester yield was achieved with solvent to algae ratio (20 mL/g), water addition (45 %), catalyst (4 %), temperature (75°C), and reaction time (60 min). Additionally, the acid-hydrolysed spent biomass was used for the production of ɛ-polylysine by fermentation using Streptomyces sp. as fermentative organism. The maximum yield of 1.78 g/L was achieved after 90 h fermentation. This study established a biorefinery approach where two highly valuable compounds could be produced from the Chlorella sp. by transesterification followed by fermentation. more...
- Published
- 2021
24. Enhancement of lipid extraction for efficient methyl ester production from Chlamydomonas sp
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Aran Incharoensakdi and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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0106 biological sciences ,Thermogravimetric analysis ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Chlamydomonas ,Kinetics ,Plant Science ,Transesterification ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Endothermic process ,Hexane ,Solvent ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The process development of microalgae oil extraction was optimized in the present study. The ultrasound was used to disrupt the isolated Chlamydomonas sp. cells. Among the various solvents tested, hexane showed the maximum extraction efficiency. Other extraction parameters such as solvent/algae ratio, temperature, and stirring speed were also optimized and found to be 6:1, 55 °C, and 300 rpm respectively. The extraction kinetics showed a first-order mechanism. After evaluation of thermodynamic parameters, the kinetics were found to be irreversible, endothermic, and spontaneous. The extracted oil was transesterified by stepwise and in situ methods and both methods showed similar results. Energy consumption is very similar for both stepwise and in situ transesterification. The methyl ester was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the fuel properties were satisfactory when compared with the ASTM standard values. From the results, it is clear that the Chlamydomonas sp. under optimal lipid extraction conditions is a potential feedstock for the production of methyl ester. more...
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- 2019
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25. Microalgal Biodiesel Production
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan and Aran Incharoensakdi
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Biodiesel production ,Environmental science ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
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26. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene expression and nutrient uptake kinetics for enhanced rosmarinic acid production in suspension cultured cells of Halodule pinifolia
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Jeyapragash Danaraj, Yosuva Mariasingarayan, Rajiv Periakaruppan, Jayachandran Krishna, Madhan Raja, Saravanakumar Ayyappan, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, and Aran Incharoensakdi
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Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2022
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27. Cyanobacteria as Renewable Sources of Bioenergy (Biohydrogen, Bioethanol, and Bio-Oil Production)
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan and Aran Incharoensakdi
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- 2021
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28. Enhanced production of hydrocarbons from lignin isolated from sugarcane bagasse using formic acid induced supercritical ethanol liquefaction followed by hydrodeoxygenation
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Suresh Shreya, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Viswanathan Vinatha, and Dhakshinamoorthy Gnana Prakash
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Environmental Engineering ,Formates ,Formic acid ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Lignin ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Environmental Chemistry ,Cellulose ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ethanol ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pollution ,Hydrocarbons ,Saccharum ,Hydrothermal liquefaction ,Hydrocarbon ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Biofuels ,Bagasse ,Hydrodeoxygenation ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
This study involves the production of hydrocarbons from lignin extracted from sugarcane bagasse using Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) followed by Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). HTL of the lignin was studied under different solvents-methanol, ethanol and isopropanol in the presence of formic acid as an effective H-donor under varying lignin to solvent ratios (L:S = 1:15,1:30,1:40 g/mL), reaction temperatures (200 °C - 320 °C), reaction times (15, 30, 45,60 min) and ZnCl2 catalyst concentrations (30, 40, 50, 60 wt%). A maximum of 86% lignin derived phenolics was obtained when ethanol was used as solvent at 250 °C under L:S = 1:30 at 30 min reaction time with 60 wt% ZnCl2. The lignin-oil was upgraded by HDO process in the presence of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst and a maximum hydrocarbon yield of 73.5% was obtained with a HHV value of 48 MJ/kg. The hydrocarbons had excellent properties with a carbon range of C6–C12 with a purity of 51.2%. more...
- Published
- 2020
29. Review on hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase as a valuable resource for biofuels, bio-hydrogen and valuable bio-chemicals recovery
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Sivakumar ShriVigneshwar, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Jayaseelan Arun, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Rajasree Shanmuganathan, and Authilingam Swetha
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Environmental Engineering ,Resource (biology) ,Hydrogen ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Reuse ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental Chemistry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Waste management ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Aqueous two-phase system ,Temperature ,Water ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,Hydrothermal liquefaction ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Scientific method ,Biofuels ,Environmental science - Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass results in the formation of bio-oil, aqueous phase (HTL-AP), bio-char, and gaseous products. Safer disposal of HTL-AP is difficult on an industrial scale since it comprises low molecular acid compounds. This review provides a comprehensive note on the recent articles published on the effective usage of HTL-AP for the recovery of valuable compounds. Thermo-chemical and biological processes are the preferred techniques for the recovery of biofuel, platform chemicals from HTL-AP. From this review, it was evident that the composition of HTL-AP and product recovery are the integrated pathways, which depend on each other. Substitute as reaction medium in HTL process, growth medium for algae and microbes are the most common mode of reuse and recycle of HTL-AP. Future research is needed to depict the mechanism of HTL process when HTL-AP is used as a reaction medium on an industrial scale. Need to find a solution for the hindrance in commercializing HTL process and recovery of value-added compounds from HTL-AP from lab scale to industry level. Integrated pathways on reuse and HTL-AP recycle helps in reduced environmental concerns and sustainable production of bio-products. more...
- Published
- 2020
30. Hydrothermal liquefaction of Prosopis juliflora biomass for the production of ferulic acid and bio-oil
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Sivaprasad Shyam, Jayaseelan Arun, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Namasivayam Mayuri, and Sadhasivan Manasa
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Coumaric Acids ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Bioengineering ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Ferulic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Prosopis ,010608 biotechnology ,Plant Oils ,Biomass ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water content ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Vanillin ,Temperature ,Polyphenols ,Water ,General Medicine ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Hydrothermal liquefaction ,Prosopis juliflora ,chemistry ,Biofuels ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Prosopis juliflora biomass for the production of ferulic acid and bio-oil. Biomass was processed with various solvents (NaOH, KOH, HCl and H2SO4) to produce ferulic acid (FA). FA oxidation was carried out using the Nano ZnO catalyst to produce an optimum vanillin yield of 0.3 g at 70 °C with 0.4% catalyst loading for a time of 60 min. The spent solid residue was then processed using HTL at 5 MPa pressure and a temperature range of 240–340 °C. Various biomass loading (2.5 g to 12.5 g) was taken for a fixed water content of 200 mL. Bio-oil optimum yield was 22.5 wt% for 10 g/200 mL of biomass loading ratio. The optimum temperature was 300 °C for a processing time of 1 h. The catalyst showed the reusable capability of two three consecutive cycles. more...
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- 2020
31. Technical insights into the production of green fuel from CO
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Jayaseelan, Arun, Kannappan Panchamoorthy, Gopinath, Ramachandran, Sivaramakrishnan, PanneerSelvam, SundarRajan, Rajagopal, Malolan, and Arivalagan, Pugazhendhi
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Biofuels ,Microalgae ,Biomass ,Carbon Dioxide ,Wastewater - Abstract
Algae a promising energy reserve due to its adaptability, cheap source, sustainability and it's growth ability in wastewater with efficient sequestration of industrial carbon dioxide. This review summarizes the pathways available for biofuel production from carbon sequestered algae biomass. In this regard, this review focuses on microalgae and its cultivation in wastewater with CO more...
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- 2020
32. Mesoporous ferromagnetic manganese ferrite nanoparticles for enhanced visible light mineralization of azoic dye into nontoxic by-products
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Govindarajan Ramadoss, S. P. Suriyaraj, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, and Selvakumar Rajendran
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Environmental Engineering ,Aqueous solution ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Light ,Coprecipitation ,Nanoparticle ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Ferric Compounds ,Catalysis ,Congo red ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Manganese Compounds ,Photocatalysis ,Magnets ,Environmental Chemistry ,Nanoparticles ,Point of zero charge ,Mesoporous material ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nuclear chemistry ,BET theory - Abstract
In this study, a one pot facile synthesis of ferromagnetic manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4) was carried out using chemical co-precipitation method for mineralization of azo dye (Congo red (CR)) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The synthesized MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were highly crystalline and showed face-centred cubic (FCC) structure with average particle size of 58 ± 4 nm. The BET analysis of the MnFe2O4 nanoparticles revealed the mesoporous distribution of material with high surface area can provide large electro active sites and short diffusion paths for the transport of ions which plays a vital role in the photocatalytic degradation of CR. The point of zero charge (pHPZC) was observed to be 6.7 indicating favourable condition for material-anionic dye interaction. The XPS studies revealed that the large amounts of oxygen vacancies were produced due to the defects in the lattice oxygen. The MnFe2O4 nanoparticles mineralised 98.3 ± 0.2% of 50 mg/L CR within 30 min when tested in photocatalytic reactor under 565 nm. The particles were recoverable under the influence of an external magnet after the photocatalytic reaction and were reusable. The recovered nanoparticles showed 96% of CR degradation efficiency even after five cycles of reuse. The by-product analysis with GC–MS indicated mineralization of CR into simple alcohols and acids. The aqueous solution containing mineralised CR was nontoxic to Trigonella foenumgraecum and Vigna mungo seeds and favoured increased germination, plumule and radicle length when compared to untreated CR. more...
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- 2020
33. Response of Scenedesmus sp. to microwave treatment: Enhancement of lipid, exopolysaccharide and biomass production
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J. Mercy Nisha Pauline, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Subramaniyam Suresh, and Aran Incharoensakdi
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,010608 biotechnology ,Microalgae ,Food science ,Microwaves ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Scenedesmus ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Biodiesel ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Microwave power ,Treatment method ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Lipids ,Lipid content ,Biofuels ,Microwave irradiation ,Microwave - Abstract
The present study focuses on the use of microwave irradiation to improve the production of lipid, exopolysaccharide and biomass in the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. Microwave treatment conditions such as microwave power, duty cycle % and time was optimized to increase the biomass and lipid content of Scenedesmus sp. Microwave power 100 W, duty cycle 40 %, and 2 min treatment time led to a substantial improvement in the biomass and lipid content. Due to the simultaneous improvement in both the biomass and lipid content, the total lipid production was improved from 0.76 (microwave untreated) to 1.42 g/L (microwave treated) (12 days grown cells). In addition, with biomass and lipid content, microwave treatment also enhanced the production of Exopolysaccharides (EPS) up to 2.3-folds. Furthermore, biodiesel properties were improved to some extent after the microwave treatment. Microwave irradiation is a promising physical treatment method for microalgae to improve total lipid production. more...
- Published
- 2020
34. Extraction methodology of lignin from biomass waste influences the quality of bio-oil obtained by solvothermal depolymerization process
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Dhakshinamoorthy Gnana Prakash, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Sevalur Mahendran Prasanth, Sivakumaran Harish, Muthamilselvam Rishikesh, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Polyphenols ,Water ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Lignin ,Pollution ,Saccharum ,Biofuels ,Plant Oils ,Environmental Chemistry ,Biomass ,Cellulose - Abstract
Lignin from sugarcane bagasse was extracted using three different methods such as Alkaline, Ethanosolv, and Hydrotropic extraction and the effect of each method on yield and quality of bio-oil obtained when the lignin was depolymerized through solvothermal liquefaction was studied using ethanol as solvent. The maximum lignin yield was obtained in the hydrotropic extraction method when Sodium Xylene Sulfonate was used as the hydrotropic solvent at a concentration of 1.43 M and a temperature of 90 °C. Hydrothermal experiments were performed at temperature of 250 °C with a residence time of 30 min and lignin to ethanol ratio of 1:200 g/mL respectively. Among the methods used, the Ethanosolv lignin showed the highest extent of depolymerization (86.7%) to yield bio-oil at 250 °C with reduced biochar formation at lignin to solvent ratio of 1:200. Biochar obtained was used in adsorption studies of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn) and results showed that more than 85% removal of all the metals under lower concentration levels. more...
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- 2022
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35. Overexpression of fatty acid synthesis genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with disrupted glycogen synthesis increases lipid production with further enhancement under copper induced oxidative stress
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan and Aran Incharoensakdi
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Environmental Engineering ,Antioxidant ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,medicine.disease_cause ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Glycogen synthase ,Fatty acid synthesis ,biology ,Fatty Acids ,Synechocystis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Wild type ,Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ,Lipid metabolism ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Lipids ,Pollution ,Copper ,Oxidative Stress ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Glycogen ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
In the present study, fatty acid synthesis genes such as alpha and beta subunits of acetyl CoA carboxylase (accA and accD) were overexpressed in the glgC (Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase) knockout Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The biomass and lipid contents were evaluated in both the wild type and the engineered strains after copper treatment. The maximum lipid production of 0.981 g/L with the productivity of 81.75 mg/L/d was obtained from the copper treated ΔglgC + A-OX strain, which showed a 3.3-fold increase compared to the untreated wild type with satisfactory biodiesel properties. After copper treatment the knockout strain improved the unsaturated fatty acids level contributing to the increase of the saturated and mono-unsaturated ratio with improvement of the fuel quality. Copper induced oxidative stress also improved the photosynthetic pigments in engineered strains leading to increased tolerance against oxidative stress in the engineered strains. The copper treatment increased the antioxidant enzyme activities in the engineered strains especially in ΔglgC + A-OX strain. The carbon flux to lipid synthesis was enhanced by the engineered strains particularly with the knockout-overexpression strains. The Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 engineered with ΔglgC + A-OX showed high potential for fuel production after the copper treatment. more...
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- 2022
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36. Microalgal Biorefinery Concepts’ Developments for Biofuel and Bioproducts: Current Perspective and Bottlenecks
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Subramaniyam Suresh, Simab Kanwal, Govindarajan Ramadoss, Balasubramani Ramprakash, and Aran Incharoensakdi
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Inorganic Chemistry ,Biofuels ,Organic Chemistry ,Microalgae ,Biomass ,General Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Microalgae have received much interest as a biofuel feedstock. However, the economic feasibility of biofuel production from microalgae does not satisfy capital investors. Apart from the biofuels, it is necessary to produce high-value co-products from microalgae fraction to satisfy the economic aspects of microalgae biorefinery. In addition, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is considered as an alternative for the conventional wastewater treatment in terms of energy consumption, which is suitable for microalgae biorefinery approaches. The energy consumption of a microalgae wastewater treatment system (0.2 kW/h/m3) was reduced 10 times when compared to the conventional wastewater treatment system (to 2 kW/h/m3). Microalgae are rich in various biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, vitamins, and antioxidants; all these valuable products can be utilized by nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. There are several bottlenecks associated with microalgae biorefinery. Hence, it is essential to promote the sustainability of microalgal biorefinery with innovative ideas to produce biofuel with high-value products. This review attempted to bring out the trends and promising solutions to realize microalgal production of multiple products at an industrial scale. New perspectives and current challenges are discussed for the development of algal biorefinery concepts. more...
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- 2022
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37. Enhancement of lipid production in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 overexpressing glycerol kinase under oxidative stress with glycerol supplementation
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Aran Incharoensakdi and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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Glycerol ,0301 basic medicine ,Glycerol kinase ,Environmental Engineering ,Bioengineering ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Glycerol Kinase ,medicine ,Phenol ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Synechocystis ,Wild type ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Lipids ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Synechocystis sp ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
In this study, the effect of glycerol kinase overexpression in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 on lipid content was investigated. The glycerol kinase overexpressing Synechocystis cells (OE) had a higher lipid content than the wild type. The OE treated with phenol up to 1 mM showed a slight increase in the cell biomass whereas the total lipid production increased considerably (0.39 ± 0.012 g/L) as compared to that of the wild type (0.26 ± 0.01 g/L). The supplementation of 12 g/L glycerol to BG11 medium increased the lipid content of phenol treated OE from 22 to 35% with the increase of lipid production from 0.39 ± 0.012 to 0.69 ± 0.035 g/L. The RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of glpK was upregulated from 1.3 to 2.4 and from 1.89 to 3.64-fold after phenol treatment and glycerol supplementation respectively. more...
- Published
- 2018
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38. Utilization of microalgae feedstock for concomitant production of bioethanol and biodiesel
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Aran Incharoensakdi and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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Biodiesel ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Transesterification ,010501 environmental sciences ,Ethanol fermentation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biorefinery ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Biodiesel production ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Dimethyl carbonate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The present study focuses on the biorefinery approach of integrated production of bioethanol and biodiesel from microalgae feedstock. Various pretreatment methods were used to determine the maximum recovery of sugars from Scenedesmus sp. The total sugar yield of 93% was obtained when the biomass was pretreated by acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysate produced 86% of ethanol (theoretical yield) after the fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme catalyzed direct transesterification of the biomass was performed using dimethyl carbonate as a solvent and the maximum yield of 92% methyl ester, 1.86% glycerol carbonate and 4.93% glycerol dicarbonate was achieved. The integrated process of bioethanol and biodiesel production was optimally achieved when direct transesterification was done first followed by ethanol fermentation yielding 92 and 93% of methyl ester and ethanol, respectively. more...
- Published
- 2018
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39. A novel visible light active rare earth doped CdS nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide sheets for the degradation of cationic dye from wastewater
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Ramasamy Jayavel, Kannaiyan Pandian, Govindarajan Ramadoss, D. Selvakumar, P. Devendran, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, and T. Alagesan
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Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Light ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Oxide ,Nanoparticle ,Wastewater ,Catalysis ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Environmental Chemistry ,High-resolution transmission electron microscopy ,Wurtzite crystal structure ,Graphene ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pollution ,Cadmium sulfide ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Photocatalysis ,Nanoparticles ,Graphite ,Visible spectrum - Abstract
A variety of rare earth metals (La, Sm, Nd, Ce, Gd) doped cadmium sulfide (RE-CdS) grafted reduced graphene oxide (G) sheet nanocomposites estimated imperative attention due to their visible light-driven, tunable band gap and high surface to volume ratio were investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of cationic dye from aqueous solution. The formation of wurtzite (hexagonal) crystal structures of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction spectra and the average crystallite size was determined to be 10 ± 2 nm. HRTEM analysis confirmed the homogeneous distribution of RE-CdS NPs over the G sheets. The photocatalytic behaviour of the RE-CdS decorated G sheets was studied using a textile dye methylene blue (MB) under sunlight. The result indicates that among the various RE-CdS nanocomposites studied, Cerium-cadmium sulfide-reduced graphene oxide (Ce–CdS-G) shows highest MB degradation of 99.0 ± 0.4% within 90 min under sunlight. The result confirms that RE-CdS-G nanocatalyst efficiently accelerates the separation and slows down the recombination rate in photo excited charge carriers. The catalytic activity was retained over 80% of its original value even after four successive runs and the present method can be employed for the large-scale synthesis of RE-CdS-G nanocatalyst. more...
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- 2022
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40. Higher efficiency of microalgal biorefinery is achieved with integrated than one-way method
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Aran Incharoensakdi and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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biology ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Botryococcus ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Transesterification ,Raw material ,Biorefinery ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Biofuel ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Dicarbonate ,0204 chemical engineering ,Dimethyl carbonate - Abstract
In the present study, Botryococcus sp. was the feedstock for the ethanol and methyl ester production. In the one-way method, the biomass was utilized for the optimization of sugar recovery process in which maximum sugar recovery was obtained when using 0.3 N H2SO4 and autoclave conditions for 15 min. At the end of fermentation, the yield of 93% of ethanol was obtained. In situ transesterification of spent biomass for methyl ester production was performed using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as solvent and the optimum conditions were 5 mL DMC/g biomass, 12% (w/w) catalyst, 1% (w/w) water addition, 50 °C and 36 h. In addition to methyl ester as a main product, glycerol carbonate, glycerol dicarbonate and glycerol were also formed as by-products which have high industrial values. The study further compared the one-way method and the integrated method in which Botryococcus sp. showed higher efficiency on both bioethanol and methyl ester production using integrated method. Hence, Botryococcus sp. could be efficiently utilized as feedstock for the microalgae biorefinery which can save cost and allow for multiple biofuels production. more...
- Published
- 2021
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41. Upgradation of Nostoc punctriforme under subcritical conditions into liquid hydrocarbons (bio-oil) via hydro-deoxygenation: Optimization and engine tests
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Jayaseelan Arun, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Namasivayam Mayuri, Sivaprasad Shyam, PanneerSelvam SundarRajan, and Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath
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Thermal efficiency ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Renewable energy ,Diesel fuel ,Yield (chemistry) ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Heat of combustion ,Response surface methodology ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Deoxygenation ,NOx ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In this present study, hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) process was performed to upgrade the liquefied bio-oil of Nostoc punctriforme biomass. The engine performance and emission properties of the enriched bio-oil and blends (with diesel) were evaluated. The HTL resulted in highest bio-oil yield of 47.5 wt% at a temperature of 300 °C at 60 min with calorific value of 32.5 MJ/kg. At 60 min and temperature of 300 °C with 1 wt% of heterogeneous catalyst the upgraded HDO-bio-oil yield reached 38.4 wt% with deoxygenation percentage of 70%. The properties of upgraded bio-oil are HHV of 44.74 MJ/kg, Kinematic viscosity of 6.23 mm2/s and density 923 kg/m3 respectively. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used for modeling and optimizing the upgraded bio-oil yield. The optimized RSM conditions for upgraded bio-oil yield (44.5 wt%) are temperature of 280 °C, catalyst load of 0.6 wt%, and time of 120 min. The physiochemical properties of upgraded bio-oil are in agreement with ASTM standards. Equal proportion of bio-oil to diesel (D50: B50) reduced the brake thermal efficiency to 6.66% with reduced NOx emission and slight increase in CO emission. This study highlights that microalga fuels are better renewable energy resource with reduced greenhouse gas emission. more...
- Published
- 2021
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42. Enhancement of total lipid yield by nitrogen, carbon, and iron supplementation in isolated microalgae
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Aran Incharoensakdi and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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0106 biological sciences ,Nitrogen ,Iron ,Carbonates ,Chlorella ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Palmitic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sodium nitrate ,010608 biotechnology ,Botany ,Microalgae ,medicine ,Food science ,Scenedesmus ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nitrates ,Chlamydomonas ,food and beverages ,Lipid Metabolism ,biology.organism_classification ,Lipids ,Carbon ,Oleic acid ,chemistry ,Biofuels ,Biodiesel production ,Ferric ,Sodium carbonate ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The biochemical contents and biodiesel production ability of three microalgal strains grown under different sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, and ferric ammonium citrate (iron) levels were investigated. The highest biomass and lipid contents were found in Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp., and Chlamydomonas sp. when grown in normal BG-11 containing sodium carbonate concentration at 0.03 g · L−1, and in normal BG-11 containing iron concentration at 0.009 or 0.012 g · L−1. Increasing the sodium nitrate level increased the biomass content, but decreased the lipid content in all three microalgae. Among the three microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. showed the highest total lipid yield of 0.69 g · L−1 under the iron concentration of 0.012 g · L−1. Palmitic and oleic acids were the major fatty acids of Scenedesmus sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. lipids. On the other hand, Chlorella sp. lipids were rich in palmitic, oleic, and linolenic acids, and henceforth contributing to poor biodiesel properties below the standard limits. The three isolated strains had a potential for biodiesel production. Nevertheless, Scenedesmus sp. from stone quarry pond water was the most suitable source for biodiesel production with tolerance towards the high concentration of sodium carbonate without the loss of its biodiesel properties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. more...
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- 2017
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43. Enhancement of lipid production in Scenedesmus sp. by UV mutagenesis and hydrogen peroxide treatment
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Aran Incharoensakdi and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Mutant ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,010608 biotechnology ,medicine ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Scenedesmus ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Wild type ,food and beverages ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Lipids ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Mutagenesis ,Biofuels ,Biodiesel production ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The high potential UV mutagenized Scenedesmus sp. was obtained in which the cells had a higher biomass and lipid content than the wild type with an increase from 1.9 to 2.4g/L and from 40 to 55% of dry cell weight respectively after 12days. Oxidative stress imposed by H2O2 treatment decreased the biomass of both the wild type and the mutant. The H2O2 treated mutant when grown in BG11 medium showed an increase in biomass which was in contrast to a decreased biomass observed in the H2O2 treated wild type. A 3-fold increase in lipid yield of 1.63g/L was obtained in the oxidative stress-induced mutant compared to the wild type. Overall results indicate that prior treatment of UV-mutagenized Scenedesmus with oxidative stress can increase the total lipid production which, due to its derived methyl ester having acceptable biodiesel properties, can be potentially utilized for biodiesel production. more...
- Published
- 2017
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44. Direct transesterification of Botryococcus sp. catalysed by immobilized lipase: Ultrasound treatment can reduce reaction time with high yield of methyl ester
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Aran Incharoensakdi and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Botryococcus ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Transesterification ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Biodiesel production ,Yield (chemistry) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Glycerol ,biology.protein ,Organic chemistry ,Dicarbonate ,Lipase ,Dimethyl carbonate - Abstract
Methyl esters have been considered a promising alternative fuel for fossil fuels. However, the methyl ester production from lipase catalysed direct transesterification is a time-consuming process. It is necessary to develop the method to reduce the operating time of the lipase catalysed direct transesterification. Various operating parameters were studied such as solvent/algae ratio, catalyst addition, water addition, temperature and reaction time on the direct transesterification of Botryococcus sp. with and without ultrasound. The maximum yield, 88% methyl esters (w/w of oil) was achieved in 4 h with ultrasound treatment under optimum conditions, compared to a maximum yield of 78% methyl esters (w/w of oil), after 36 h without ultrasound. Under optimum conditions, the transesterification of Botryococcus sp. oil with dimethyl carbonate produced 2.7% glycerol carbonate and 5.7% glycerol dicarbonate (w/w of oil) with an added benefit of very low free glycerol content. The properties of methyl esters obtained were found to be within the acceptable limits. The obtained results indicate that this ultrasound assisted direct transesterification of Botryococcus sp. oil catalysed by lipase is very promising for biodiesel production using microalgae as the feedstock. more...
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- 2017
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45. MOESM1 of Plant hormone induced enrichment of Chlorella sp. omega-3 fatty acids
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan and Aran Incharoensakdi
- Subjects
food and beverages - Abstract
Additional file 1: Table S.1. The fuel properties of ABA treated Chlorella sp. Table S.2. Primers used. Fig. S.1. The Chlorella sp. observed under a light microscope at 40X magnification. Fig. S.2.a.b.c. Response of Chlorophyll a, carotenoids and oxygen evolution rate after plant hormone treatment. Fig. S.3. FTIR spectra of control and plant hormone (optimized only) treated Chlorella sp. Fig. S.4. The genes involved in the omega-3 fatty acid synthesis pathway. more...
- Published
- 2020
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46. Plant hormone induced enrichment of
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Aran Incharoensakdi and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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0106 biological sciences ,Antioxidant ,Eicosapentaenoic acid ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Plant hormone ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,lcsh:Fuel ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:TP315-360 ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,medicine ,Food science ,ROS, Antioxidant enzymes, Microalgae ,Abscisic acid ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Research ,Hypertriglyceridemia ,Fatty acid ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Docosahexaenoic acid ,General Energy ,Fatty acid desaturase ,biology.protein ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
BackgroundOmega-3 fatty acids have various health benefits in combating against neurological problems, cancers, cardiac problems and hypertriglyceridemia. The main dietary omega-3 fatty acids are obtained from marine fish. Due to the pollution of marine environment, recently microalgae are considered as the promising source for the omega-3 fatty acid production. However, the demand and high production cost associated with microalgal biomass make it necessary to implement novel strategies in improving the biomass and omega-3 fatty acids from microalgae.ResultsFour plant hormones zeatin, indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GBA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated for their effect on the production of biomass and lipid in isolatedChlorellasp. The cells showed an increase of the biomass and lipid content after treatments with the plant hormones where the highest stimulatory effect was observed in ABA-treated cells. On the other hand, IAA showed the highest stimulatory effect on the omega-3 fatty acids content, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (23.25%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (26.06%). On the other hand, cells treated with ABA had highest lipid content suitable for the biodiesel applications. The determination of ROS markers, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acid biosynthesis genes after plant hormones treatment helped elucidate the mechanism underlying the improvement in biomass, lipid content and omega-3 fatty acids. All four plant hormones upregulated the fatty acid biosynthesis genes, whereas IAA particularly increased omega-3-fatty acids as a result of the upregulation of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase.ConclusionsThe contents of omega-3 fatty acids, the clinically important compounds, were considerably improved in IAA-treated cells. The highest lipid content obtained from ABA-treated biomass can be used for biodiesel application according to its biodiesel properties. The EPA and DHA enriched ethyl esters are an approved form of omega-3 fatty acids by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which can be utilized as the therapeutic treatment for the severe hypertriglyceridemia. more...
- Published
- 2019
47. A critical review on production of biopolymers from algae biomass and their applications
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Jayaseelan Arun, Ashokkumar Kartik, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Divya Lakshmi, Dilipkumar Akhil, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, and Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Algae biomass ,Environmental remediation ,Bioengineering ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Biopolymers ,Adsorption ,Algae ,010608 biotechnology ,Microalgae ,Biomass ,Solvent extraction ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,engineering ,Biopolymer - Abstract
Algae is abundantly present in our ecosystems and can be easily extracted and used for production of biopolymers. Algae does not produce any anthropogenic, harmful effects, has a good growth rate, and cultivable in wastewater. This literature elucidates the potential of algae biomass by comparing various seaweed and microalgae strains. The routes for biopolymer production were portrayed and their novel methods of isolation such as microwave assisted, ultrasound assisted, and subcritical water assisted extraction are discussed in detail. These novel methods are observed to be highly efficient compared to conventional solvent extraction, with the microwave assisted and ultrasound assisted processes yielding 33% and 5% more biopolymer respectively than the conventional method. Biopolymers are used in variety of applications such as environmental remediation, adsorbent and antioxidant. Biopolymer is shown to be highly effective in the removal of potentially toxic elements and is seen to extract more than 40 mg PTE/g biopolymer. more...
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- 2021
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48. Insights on biological hydrogen production routes and potential microorganisms for high hydrogen yield
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V. Edwin Geo, Aran Incharoensakdi, Anburajan Parthiban, Thangavel Mathimani, Sang Hyoun Kim, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Sabarathinam Shanmugam, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Manigandan Sekar, and Kathirvel Brindhadevi more...
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Electrolysis ,Hydrogen ,General Chemical Engineering ,Microorganism ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Renewable fuels ,Dark fermentation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Photofermentation ,law.invention ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,law ,Biohydrogen ,Hydrogen production - Abstract
Considering the present energy demand and industrial growth, finding a potential sustainable energy source is crucial. Among renewable fuels, hydrogen is considered to be the primary choice as it offers substantial benefits over other conventional fuels. Hydrogen can be generated from waste substrates, is cleaner, and has the highest energy density when compared to conventional fuels. Hydrogen production, particularly biological hydrogen production, is believed to be cost-efficient as it can be successfully performed in ambient conditions with easy operational techniques in an environmental-friendly manner. This review summarizes the different routes of biological hydrogen production including biophotolysis, indirect photolysis, dark fermentation, photofermentation, and microbial electrolysis. Further, leading microorganisms involved in biohydrogen production, such as Clostridium spp., Enterobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, thermophilic lactic acid bacteria, and Klebsiella spp., along with the molecular approaches employed for the enhancement of biohydrogen production are discussed. In addition, a thorough techno-economic analysis of factors involved in the scale-up of hydrogen production is carried out. more...
- Published
- 2021
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49. Removal of nutrients from domestic wastewater by microalgae coupled to lipid augmentation for biodiesel production and influence of deoiled algal biomass as biofertilizer for Solanum lycopersicum cultivation
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Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Aran Incharoensakdi, Sivagnanam Silambarasan, Balu Kamaraj, Peter Logeswari, Pablo Cornejo, and Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
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Environmental Engineering ,Nitrogen ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Biofertilizer ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Biomass ,Chlorella ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Dry weight ,Microalgae ,Environmental Chemistry ,Food science ,Scenedesmus ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,Chemistry ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Nutrients ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Lipids ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,Biofuels ,Biodiesel production - Abstract
In this study, Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., and their consortium were used for the biorefinery approach. The algal consortium (Chlorella sp. + Scenedesmus sp.) grown well in 75% diluted wastewater, and obtained the highest biomass (1.78 g L−1), chlorophyll (27.03 μg mL−1), protein (175 μg mL−1) and lipid content (34.83% dry cell weight). Algal consortium showed mainly 51.75% of palmitic acid and 35.45% of oleic acid in the lipids. The removal of nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and total nitrogen in 75% diluted wastewater by algal consortium were 96%, 98%, 95%, 83%, 86% and 94%, respectively. Moreover, deoiled algal biomass (DAB) waste used as a biofertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer resulted in the grater improvement of Solanum lycopersicum shoot length (44%), root length (89%), fresh weight (95%), dry weight (53%), macro and micro-nutrients (N 61%, P 179%, K 71%, Ca 38%, Mg 26% and Fe 11%), and tomato yield (174%) as compared to control treatment. Our results indicate that the use of consortium is not only a potential bioresource for wastewater treatment and biodiesel production but also the DAB waste is an effective biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture production. more...
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- 2021
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50. Polyhydroxybutyrate production from ultrasound-aided alkaline pretreated finger millet straw using Bacillus megaterium strain CAM12
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Balu Kamaraj, Sivagnanam Silambarasan, Antonieta Ruiz, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Govindarajan Ramadoss, Pablo Cornejo, Peter Logeswari, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Bioengineering ,macromolecular substances ,010501 environmental sciences ,Xylose ,01 natural sciences ,Eleusine ,Hydrolysate ,Polyhydroxybutyrate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,010608 biotechnology ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Bacillus megaterium ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,General Medicine ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,Carbon ,Yield (chemistry) ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
In this study, finger millet straw (FMS) was utilized for the production of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Bacillus megaterium strain CAM12. Ultrasound-assisted alkaline (NaOH) pretreatment of FMS under optimized conditions followed by enzymatic saccharification resulted in the maximum delignification (72%), hydrolysis yield (84%), glucose yield (86%) and xylose yield (61%). The effects of different pH, temperature, incubation period, inoculum concentration, agitation speed and FMS enzymatic hydrolysates concentration were investigated to improve the PHB production. Under optimized conditions, strain CAM12 used the FMS hydrolysates as the sole carbon source for their growth and produced 8.31 g L−1 of PHB. The extracted polymer on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses were confirmed to be PHB. These results suggest the potential of combined ultrasound and alkaline pretreated FMS hydrolysates as a promising feedstock for PHB production. more...
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- 2021
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