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3. Importance of Seasonally Evolving Near‐Surface Salinity Stratification on Mixed Layer Heat Budget During Summer Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Northern Bay of Bengal in 2019

Author

Sherin, V. R., primary, Girishkumar, M. S., additional, Shivaprasad, S., additional, Sureshkumar, N., additional, Farrar, J. T., additional, Athulya, K., additional, Ashin, K., additional, Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, additional, Sengupta, D., additional, Venkatesan, R., additional, and Ravichandran, M., additional

Published
2023
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5. Bay of Bengal intraseasonal oscillations and the 2018 monsoon onset

Author

Shroyer, Emily L., Tandon, Amit, Sengupta, Debasis, Fernando, Harindra J. S., Lucas, Andrew J., Farrar, J. Thomas, Chattopadhyay, Rajib, de Szoeke, Simon P., Flatau, Maria, Rydbeck, Adam, Wijesekera, Hemantha W., McPhaden, Michael J., Seo, Hyodae, Subramanian, Aneesh C., Venkatesan, Ramasamy, Joseph, Jossia K., Ramsundaram, S., Gordon, Arnold L., Bohman, Shannon M., Pérez, Jaynise, Simoes-Sousa, Iury T., Jayne, Steven R., Todd, Robert E., Bhat, G. S., Lankhorst, Matthias, Schlosser, Tamara L., Adams, Katherine, Jinadasa, S. U. P., Mathur, Manikandan, Mohapatra, Mrutyunjay, Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, Sahai, Atul Kumar, Sharma, Rashmi, Lee, Craig, Rainville, Luc, Cherian, Deepak A., Cullen, Kerstin, Centurioni, Luca R., Hormann, Verena, MacKinnon, Jennifer A., Send, Uwe, Anutaliya, Arachaporn, Waterhouse, Amy F., Black, Garrett S., Dehart, Jeremy A., Woods, Kaitlyn M., Creegan, Edward, Levy, Gad, Kantha, Lakshmi, Subrahmanyam, Bulusu, Shroyer, Emily L., Tandon, Amit, Sengupta, Debasis, Fernando, Harindra J. S., Lucas, Andrew J., Farrar, J. Thomas, Chattopadhyay, Rajib, de Szoeke, Simon P., Flatau, Maria, Rydbeck, Adam, Wijesekera, Hemantha W., McPhaden, Michael J., Seo, Hyodae, Subramanian, Aneesh C., Venkatesan, Ramasamy, Joseph, Jossia K., Ramsundaram, S., Gordon, Arnold L., Bohman, Shannon M., Pérez, Jaynise, Simoes-Sousa, Iury T., Jayne, Steven R., Todd, Robert E., Bhat, G. S., Lankhorst, Matthias, Schlosser, Tamara L., Adams, Katherine, Jinadasa, S. U. P., Mathur, Manikandan, Mohapatra, Mrutyunjay, Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, Sahai, Atul Kumar, Sharma, Rashmi, Lee, Craig, Rainville, Luc, Cherian, Deepak A., Cullen, Kerstin, Centurioni, Luca R., Hormann, Verena, MacKinnon, Jennifer A., Send, Uwe, Anutaliya, Arachaporn, Waterhouse, Amy F., Black, Garrett S., Dehart, Jeremy A., Woods, Kaitlyn M., Creegan, Edward, Levy, Gad, Kantha, Lakshmi, and Subrahmanyam, Bulusu

Abstract

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102(10), (2021): E1936–E1951, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0113.1., In the Bay of Bengal, the warm, dry boreal spring concludes with the onset of the summer monsoon and accompanying southwesterly winds, heavy rains, and variable air–sea fluxes. Here, we summarize the 2018 monsoon onset using observations collected through the multinational Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Bay of Bengal (MISO-BoB) program between the United States, India, and Sri Lanka. MISO-BoB aims to improve understanding of monsoon intraseasonal variability, and the 2018 field effort captured the coupled air–sea response during a transition from active-to-break conditions in the central BoB. The active phase of the ∼20-day research cruise was characterized by warm sea surface temperature (SST > 30°C), cold atmospheric outflows with intermittent heavy rainfall, and increasing winds (from 2 to 15 m s−1). Accumulated rainfall exceeded 200 mm with 90% of precipitation occurring during the first week. The following break period was both dry and clear, with persistent 10–12 m s−1 wind and evaporation of 0.2 mm h−1. The evolving environmental state included a deepening ocean mixed layer (from ∼20 to 50 m), cooling SST (by ∼1°C), and warming/drying of the lower to midtroposphere. Local atmospheric development was consistent with phasing of the large-scale intraseasonal oscillation. The upper ocean stores significant heat in the BoB, enough to maintain SST above 29°C despite cooling by surface fluxes and ocean mixing. Comparison with reanalysis indicates biases in air–sea fluxes, which may be related to overly cool prescribed SST. Resolution of such biases offers a path toward improved forecasting of transition periods in the monsoon., This work was supported through the U.S. Office of Naval Research’s Departmental Research Initiative: Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ministry of Earth Science’s Ocean Mixing and Monsoons Program, and the Sri Lankan National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency. We thank the Captain and crew of the R/V Thompson for their help in data collection. Surface atmospheric fields included fluxes were quality controlled and processed by the Boundary Layer Observations and Processes Team within the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory. Forecast analysis was completed by India Meteorological Department. Drone image was taken by Shreyas Kamat with annotations by Gualtiero Spiro Jaeger. We also recognize the numerous researchers who supported cruise- and land-based measurements. This work represents Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution number 8503, and PMEL contribution number 5193., 2022-04-01

Published
2022

6. Bay of Bengal Intraseasonal Oscillations and the 2018 Monsoon Onset

Author

Shroyer, Emily, primary, Tandon, Amit, additional, Sengupta, Debasis, additional, Fernando, Harindra J. S., additional, Lucas, Andrew J., additional, Farrar, J. Thomas, additional, Chattopadhyay, Rajib, additional, de Szoeke, Simon, additional, Flatau, Maria, additional, Rydbeck, Adam, additional, Wijesekera, Hemantha, additional, McPhaden, Michael, additional, Seo, Hyodae, additional, Subramanian, Aneesh, additional, Venkatesan, R, additional, Joseph, Jossia, additional, Ramsundaram, S., additional, Gordon, Arnold L., additional, Bohman, Shannon M., additional, Pérez, Jaynise, additional, Simoes-Sousa, Iury T., additional, Jayne, Steven R., additional, Todd, Robert E., additional, Bhat, G. S., additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Schlosser, Tamara, additional, Adams, Katherine, additional, Jinadasa, S. U. P, additional, Mathur, Manikandan, additional, Mohapatra, M., additional, Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, additional, Sahai, A. K., additional, Sharma, Rashmi, additional, Lee, Craig, additional, Rainville, Luc, additional, Cherian, Deepak, additional, Cullen, Kerstin, additional, Centurioni, Luca R., additional, Hormann, Verena, additional, MacKinnon, Jennifer, additional, Send, Uwe, additional, Anutaliya, Arachaporn, additional, Waterhouse, Amy, additional, Black, Garrett S., additional, Dehart, Jeremy A., additional, Woods, Kaitlyn M., additional, Creegan, Edward, additional, Levy, Gad, additional, Kantha, Lakshmi H., additional, and Subrahmanyam, Bulusu, additional

Published
2021
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8. Correction to Beaufort-estimated wind speeds over the Tropical Indian Ocean

Author

Venkata Jampana, Nunna Kameshwari, T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar, and Rama Rao E. Pattabhi

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Thesaurus (information retrieval), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Beaufort scale, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, 020801 environmental engineering, law.invention, Indian ocean, law, Environmental science, Bias correction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published
2018

9. Argo Data 1999–2019: Two Million Temperature-Salinity Profiles and Subsurface Velocity Observations From a Global Array of Profiling Floats

Author

Wong, Annie P. S., Wijffels, Susan E., Riser, Stephen C., Pouliquen, Sylvie, Hosoda, Shigeki, Roemmich, Dean, Gilson, John, Johnson, Gregory C., Martini, Kim, Murphy, David J., Scanderbeg, Megan, Bhaskar, T. V. S. Udaya, Buck, Justin J. H., Merceur, Frederic, Carval, Thierry, Maze, Guillaume, Cabanes, Cécile, André, Xavier, Poffa, Noe, Yashayaev, Igor, Barker, Paul M., Guinehut, Stéphanie, Belbéoch, Mathieu, Ignaszewski, Mark, Baringer, Molly O'Neil, Schmid, Claudia, Lyman, John M., Mctaggart, Kristene E., Purkey, Sarah G., Zilberman, Nathalie, Alkire, Matthew B., Swift, Dana, Owens, W. Brechner, Jayne, Steven R., Hersh, Cora, Robbins, Pelle, West-mack, Deb, Bahr, Frank, Yoshida, Sachiko, Sutton, Philip J. H., Cancouët, Romain, Coatanoan, Christine, Dobbler, Delphine, Juan, Andrea Garcia, Gourrion, Jerome, Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas, Bernard, Vincent, Bourlès, Bernard, Claustre, Hervé, D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio, Le Reste, Serge, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Rannou, Jean Philippe, Saout-grit, Carole, Speich, Sabrina, Thierry, Virginie, Verbrugge, Nathalie, Angel-benavides, Ingrid M., Klein, Birgit, Notarstefano, Giulio, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Vélez-belchí, Pedro, Suga, Toshio, Ando, Kentaro, Iwasaska, Naoto, Kobayashi, Taiyo, Masuda, Shuhei, Oka, Eitarou, Sato, Kanako, Nakamura, Tomoaki, Sato, Katsunari, Takatsuki, Yasushi, Yoshida, Takashi, Cowley, Rebecca, Lovell, Jenny L., Oke, Peter R., Van Wijk, Esmee M., Carse, Fiona, Donnelly, Matthew, Gould, W. John, Gowers, Katie, King, Brian A., Loch, Stephen G., Mowat, Mary, Turton, Jon, Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, Ravichandran, M., Freeland, Howard J., Gaboury, Isabelle, Gilbert, Denis, Greenan, Blair J. W., Ouellet, Mathieu, Ross, Tetjana, Tran, Anh, Dong, Mingmei, Liu, Zenghong, Xu, Jianping, Kang, Kiryong, Jo, Hyeongjun, Kim, Sung-dae, Park, Hyuk-min, Wong, Annie P. S., Wijffels, Susan E., Riser, Stephen C., Pouliquen, Sylvie, Hosoda, Shigeki, Roemmich, Dean, Gilson, John, Johnson, Gregory C., Martini, Kim, Murphy, David J., Scanderbeg, Megan, Bhaskar, T. V. S. Udaya, Buck, Justin J. H., Merceur, Frederic, Carval, Thierry, Maze, Guillaume, Cabanes, Cécile, André, Xavier, Poffa, Noe, Yashayaev, Igor, Barker, Paul M., Guinehut, Stéphanie, Belbéoch, Mathieu, Ignaszewski, Mark, Baringer, Molly O'Neil, Schmid, Claudia, Lyman, John M., Mctaggart, Kristene E., Purkey, Sarah G., Zilberman, Nathalie, Alkire, Matthew B., Swift, Dana, Owens, W. Brechner, Jayne, Steven R., Hersh, Cora, Robbins, Pelle, West-mack, Deb, Bahr, Frank, Yoshida, Sachiko, Sutton, Philip J. H., Cancouët, Romain, Coatanoan, Christine, Dobbler, Delphine, Juan, Andrea Garcia, Gourrion, Jerome, Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas, Bernard, Vincent, Bourlès, Bernard, Claustre, Hervé, D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio, Le Reste, Serge, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Rannou, Jean Philippe, Saout-grit, Carole, Speich, Sabrina, Thierry, Virginie, Verbrugge, Nathalie, Angel-benavides, Ingrid M., Klein, Birgit, Notarstefano, Giulio, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Vélez-belchí, Pedro, Suga, Toshio, Ando, Kentaro, Iwasaska, Naoto, Kobayashi, Taiyo, Masuda, Shuhei, Oka, Eitarou, Sato, Kanako, Nakamura, Tomoaki, Sato, Katsunari, Takatsuki, Yasushi, Yoshida, Takashi, Cowley, Rebecca, Lovell, Jenny L., Oke, Peter R., Van Wijk, Esmee M., Carse, Fiona, Donnelly, Matthew, Gould, W. John, Gowers, Katie, King, Brian A., Loch, Stephen G., Mowat, Mary, Turton, Jon, Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, Ravichandran, M., Freeland, Howard J., Gaboury, Isabelle, Gilbert, Denis, Greenan, Blair J. W., Ouellet, Mathieu, Ross, Tetjana, Tran, Anh, Dong, Mingmei, Liu, Zenghong, Xu, Jianping, Kang, Kiryong, Jo, Hyeongjun, Kim, Sung-dae, and Park, Hyuk-min

Abstract

In the past two decades, the Argo Program has collected, processed, and distributed over two million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper two kilometers of the global ocean. A similar number of subsurface velocity observations near 1,000 dbar have also been collected. This paper recounts the history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered. We describe the Argo data system and its quality control procedures, and the gradual changes in the vertical resolution and spatial coverage of Argo data from 1999 to 2019. The accuracies of the float data have been assessed by comparison with high-quality shipboard measurements, and are concluded to be 0.002°C for temperature, 2.4 dbar for pressure, and 0.01 PSS-78 for salinity, after delayed-mode adjustments. Finally, the challenges faced by the vision of an expanding Argo Program beyond 2020 are discussed.

Published
2020
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11. Argo Data 1999–2019: Two Million Temperature-Salinity Profiles and Subsurface Velocity Observations From a Global Array of Profiling Floats

Author

Wong, Annie P. S., primary, Wijffels, Susan E., additional, Riser, Stephen C., additional, Pouliquen, Sylvie, additional, Hosoda, Shigeki, additional, Roemmich, Dean, additional, Gilson, John, additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Martini, Kim, additional, Murphy, David J., additional, Scanderbeg, Megan, additional, Bhaskar, T. V. S. Udaya, additional, Buck, Justin J. H., additional, Merceur, Frederic, additional, Carval, Thierry, additional, Maze, Guillaume, additional, Cabanes, Cécile, additional, André, Xavier, additional, Poffa, Noé, additional, Yashayaev, Igor, additional, Barker, Paul M., additional, Guinehut, Stéphanie, additional, Belbéoch, Mathieu, additional, Ignaszewski, Mark, additional, Baringer, Molly O'Neil, additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, McTaggart, Kristene E., additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Zilberman, Nathalie, additional, Alkire, Matthew B., additional, Swift, Dana, additional, Owens, W. Brechner, additional, Jayne, Steven R., additional, Hersh, Cora, additional, Robbins, Pelle, additional, West-Mack, Deb, additional, Bahr, Frank, additional, Yoshida, Sachiko, additional, Sutton, Philip J. H., additional, Cancouët, Romain, additional, Coatanoan, Christine, additional, Dobbler, Delphine, additional, Juan, Andrea Garcia, additional, Gourrion, Jerôme, additional, Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas, additional, Bernard, Vincent, additional, Bourlès, Bernard, additional, Claustre, Hervé, additional, D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio, additional, Le Reste, Serge, additional, Le Traon, Pierre-Yve, additional, Rannou, Jean-Philippe, additional, Saout-Grit, Carole, additional, Speich, Sabrina, additional, Thierry, Virginie, additional, Verbrugge, Nathalie, additional, Angel-Benavides, Ingrid M., additional, Klein, Birgit, additional, Notarstefano, Giulio, additional, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, additional, Vélez-Belchí, Pedro, additional, Suga, Toshio, additional, Ando, Kentaro, additional, Iwasaska, Naoto, additional, Kobayashi, Taiyo, additional, Masuda, Shuhei, additional, Oka, Eitarou, additional, Sato, Kanako, additional, Nakamura, Tomoaki, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Takatsuki, Yasushi, additional, Yoshida, Takashi, additional, Cowley, Rebecca, additional, Lovell, Jenny L., additional, Oke, Peter R., additional, van Wijk, Esmee M., additional, Carse, Fiona, additional, Donnelly, Matthew, additional, Gould, W. John, additional, Gowers, Katie, additional, King, Brian A., additional, Loch, Stephen G., additional, Mowat, Mary, additional, Turton, Jon, additional, Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, additional, Ravichandran, M., additional, Freeland, Howard J., additional, Gaboury, Isabelle, additional, Gilbert, Denis, additional, Greenan, Blair J. W., additional, Ouellet, Mathieu, additional, Ross, Tetjana, additional, Tran, Anh, additional, Dong, Mingmei, additional, Liu, Zenghong, additional, Xu, Jianping, additional, Kang, KiRyong, additional, Jo, HyeongJun, additional, Kim, Sung-Dae, additional, and Park, Hyuk-Min, additional

Published
2020
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12. On the Future of Argo: A Global, Full-Depth, Multi-Disciplinary Array

Author

Jonathan D. Nash, Andreas Sterl, Diarmuid Ó. Conchubhair, Mathieu Belbeoch, Toste Tanhua, Lynne D. Talley, Thierry Carval, Stephanie Waterman, Yueng-Djern Lenn, Kenneth S. Johnson, Ariel Troisi, Virginie Thierry, Sarah G. Purkey, Satya Prakash, Damien Desbruyères, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Katja Fennel, Robert Hallberg, Gregory C. Johnson, James N. Moum, Ilker Fer, Brian A. King, Gael Forget, Emily L. Shroyer, Toshio Suga, Peter R. Oke, Rik Wanninkhof, Fei Chai, Are Olsen, Emmanuel Boss, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Markus Jochum, Sandy J. Thomalla, N. V. Zilberman, Amy F. Waterhouse, Guillaume Maze, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Catherine Schmechtig, Thomas W. Trull, Andrew J. Watson, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Haili Wang, Kjell Arne Mork, Pedro Vélez-Belchí, Paulo H. R. Calil, Philip Sutton, Jianping Xu, Steven R. Jayne, Tetsuichi Fujiki, Howard J. Freeland, Henry C. Bittig, Cara Wilson, Hervé Claustre, Ichiro Yasuda, Annie P. S. Wong, John M. Toole, Claudia Schmid, Megan Scanderbeg, Marion Gehlen, Raffaele Ferrari, Arne Körtzinger, Toshiyuki Hibiya, Dean Roemmich, Susan Wijffels, Tamaryn Morris, Sylvie Pouliquen, Matthew H. Alford, Takeyoshi Nagai, Waldemar Walczowski, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Molly O. Baringer, Blair J. W. Greenan, W. Brechner Owens, KiRyong Kang, Jon Turton, Fiona Carse, Shigeki Hosoda, Rama Rao E. Pattabhi, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Stephen C. Riser, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship [Brisbane], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of California, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Oregon State University (OSU), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Oceanography [Halifax] (DO), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Cancer Genetics Branch, National Institute of Health (NIH)-National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Montreal, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (ECCE TERRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory, CSIR, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Evolution Paris-Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of California (UC), Géosciences Marines (GM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (OSU ECCE TERRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra (ECCE TERRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, warming, Computer science, Data management, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 [VDP], Sede Central IEO, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, VDP::Oseanografi: 452, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, salinity, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 [VDP], Basic research, Multidisciplinary approach, Profiling (information science), 14. Life underwater, VDP::Oceanography: 452, lcsh:Science, Argo, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Multi disciplinary, Oseanografi / Oceanography, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, temperature, Ocean depth, floats, global, ocean, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Systems engineering, circulation, lcsh:Q, business, Oseanografi
Abstract

The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean temperature and salinity versus pressure, from the sea surface to 2000 dbar. The successful installation of the Argo array and its innovative data management system arose opportunistically from the combination of great scientific need and technological innovation. Through the data system, Argo provides fundamental physical observations with broad societally-valuable applications, built on the cost-efficient and robust technologies of autonomous profiling floats. Following recent advances in platform and sensor technologies, even greater opportunity exists now than 20 years ago to (i) improve Argo’s global coverage and value beyond the original design, (ii) extend Argo to span the full ocean depth, (iii) add biogeochemical sensors for improved understanding of oceanic cycles of carbon, nutrients, and ecosystems, and (iv) consider experimental sensors that might be included in the future, for example to document the spatial and temporal patterns of ocean mixing. For Core Argo and each of these enhancements, the past, present, and future progression along a path from experimental deployments to regional pilot arrays to global implementation is described. The objective is to create a fully global, top-to-bottom, dynamically complete, and multidisciplinary Argo Program that will integrate seamlessly with satellite and with other in situ elements of the Global Ocean Observing System (Legler et al., 2015). The integrated system will deliver operational reanalysis and forecasting capability, and assessment of the state and variability of the climate system with respect to physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems parameters. It will enable basic research of unprecedented breadth and magnitude, and a wealth of ocean-education and outreach opportunities., Sí

Published
2019

13. Thorpe Turbulence Scaling in Nighttime Convective Surface Layers in the North Indian Ocean.

Author

Kumar, B. Praveen, D'Asaro, Eric, Sureshkumar, N., Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, and Ravichandran, M.

Subjects
TURBULENCE, BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics), WIND pressure, OCEAN, ENERGY dissipation
Abstract

We use profiles from a Lagrangian float in the north Indian Ocean to explore the usefulness of Thorpe analysis methods to measure vertical scales and dissipation rates in the ocean surface boundary layer. An rms Thorpe length scale LT and an energy dissipation rate εT were computed by resorting the measured density profiles. These are compared to the mixed layer depth (MLD) computed with different density thresholds, the Monin–Obukhov (MO) length LMO computed from the ERA5 reanalysis values of wind stress, and buoyancy flux B0 and dissipation rates ε from historical microstructure data. The Thorpe length scale LT is found to accurately match MLD for small (<0.005 kg m−3) density thresholds, but not for larger thresholds, because these do not detect the warm diurnal layers. We use ξ = LT/|LMO| to classify the boundary layer turbulence during nighttime convection. In our data, 90% of points from the Bay of Bengal (Arabian Sea) satisfy ξ < 1 (1 < ξ <10), indicating that wind forcing is (both wind forcing and convection are) driving the turbulence. Over the measured range of ξ, εT decreases with decreasing ξ, i.e., more wind forcing, while ε increases, clearly showing that ε/εT decreases with increasing ξ. This is explained by a new scaling for ξ ≪ 1, εT = 1.15B0ξ0.5 compared to the historical scaling ε = 0.64B0 + 1.76ξ−1. For ξ ≪ 1 we expect ε = εT. Similar calculations may be possible using routine Argo float and ship data, allowing more detailed global measurements of εT, thereby providing large-scale tests of turbulence scaling in boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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14. Marine Data Services at National Oceanographic Data Centre-India.

Author

Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, Udaya Bhaskar, T. V. S., Shesu, R. Venkat, Rao, N. Srinivasa, Suprit, K., and Geetha, G.

Abstract

In this paper we introduce about the marine data archived at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, India. Heterogeneous data from in situ, remote sensing and ocean models are archived. In-situ ocean observations includes data from Lagrangian as well Eulerian platforms like Argo floats, moored buoys etc, while remote sensing include data from NOAA satellite series, OceanScat etc. The data generated is translated into ocean information services through analysis and modelling. Data is disseminated to users using variety of means like web with GIS features, ERDDAP, Live Access server with facilities to search, visualize and download. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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15. OPEN SOURCE ARCHITECTURE FOR WEB-BASED OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA SERVICES.

Author

Shesu, Venkat, Udaya Bhaskar, T. V. S., Rama Rao, E. Pattabhi, Devender, R., and Hemasundar Rao, T.

Subjects
GEOGRAPHIC information systems, OCEANOGRAPHY equipment, VISUALIZATION, OCEANOGRAPHIC research, OCEAN
Abstract

A GIS for ocean data applications named "Ocean Data and Information Systems (ODIS)" was designed and developed. The system is based on the University of Minnesota MapServer, an open source platform for publishing spatial data and interactive mapping applications to the web with MySQL as the backend database server. This paper discusses some of the details of the storage and organization of oceanographic data, methods employed for visualization of parameter plots, and mapping of the data. ODIS is conceived to be an end-to-end system comprising acquisition of data from a variety of heterogeneous ocean platforms, processing, integration, quality control, and web-based dissemination to users for operational and research activities. ODIS provides efficient data management and potential mapping and visualization functions for oceanographic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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