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ResumoA usucapião extrajudicial apresenta-se como uma forma de aquisição originária da propriedade imóvel requerida diretamente no Registro de Imóveis. Sua importância é a aplicabilidade da regularização de imóveis pela via extrajudicial, haja vista a posse, por aqueles que a detêm, por lapso temporal suficientemente exigido pela lei em face da prescrição aquisitiva dos detentores de direitos reais registrados ou averbados na matrícula do imóvel usucapiendo. Por muito tempo, o procedimento da usucapião era tido como um dos mais dificultosos procedimentos especiais descritos pelo antigo Código de Processo Civil (1973). Hodiernamente, com o advento do Novo CPC (2015), há uma nova perspectiva para a regularização de imóveis. Esse procedimento extrajudicial é mais simples e mais rápido que uma ação de usucapião, eis que ações judiciais de usucapião costumam durar vários anos. O NCPC introduziu na Lei de Registro Público (LRP) o Art. 216-A viabilizando a aplicabilidade do procedimento extrajudicial. A Lei n° 13.465/2017 concedeu nova redação ao mencionado artigo. E, posteriormente, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) trouxe diretrizes com o Provimento n° 65, regulamentando o procedimento nos cartórios. O reconhecimento extrajudicial da usucapião torna-se uma das inovações mais importante introduzidas no Direito Imobiliário e Registral Brasileiro, com a vigência do Novo Código de Processo Civil/2015. A metodologia teve por base pesquisas descritivas, bibliográficas e entrevistas. Neste sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a viabilidade e eficácia da regularização do imóvel usucapiendo por meio da usucapião extra judicial. O método científico utilizado foi o hipotético dedutivo e a abordagem da pesquisa foi qualitativa, por meio de textos científicos, leis e conteúdos publicados em sites oficiais. Ao final, concluiu-se que a usucapião extrajudicial introduzida no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro é hábil a produzir efeitos práticos em prol do usucapiente.Palavras Chave: Usucapião Extrajudicial. Provimento n° 65 do CNJ. Regularização do Imóvel Usucapiendo. AbstractThe extrajudicial adverse possession appears as a form of acquisition originating from the immovable property required directly in the Real Estate Registry. Its importance is to demonstrate the viability of real estate regularization by extrajudicial means, given the possession, by those who hold it, for a time period sufficiently required by law in view of the acquisitive prescription of holders of real rights registered or registered in the registration of property in adverse possession. For a long time, the adverse possession was regarded as one of the most difficult special procedures described by the old Procedure Civil Code (1973). Currently, with the New Procedure Civil Code (NPCC) advent (2015), there is a new perspective for the real estate regularization. This out-of-court procedure is simpler and quicker than a lawsuit of adverse possession because awsuits of this usually last several years. The NPCC introduced in the Public Registry Law (PRL) the Art. 216-A, making the application of the extrajudicial procedure feasible. Law nº 13.465 / 2017 granted a new wording to mentioned article. And, later, the National Council of Justice (CNJ) brought guidelines with Provision nº 65, regulating the procedure in the notary offices. The extrajudicial recognition of adverse possession becomes one of the most important innovations introduced in the Real Estate and Registral Brazilian Law, with the validity of the New Procedure Civil Code / 2015. The methodology was based on descriptive, bibliographical, interviews. The scientific method used was the hypothetical deductive. The work presents as a result the viability of the Extrajudicial adverse possession, created as an alternative to reach the property next to the real estate registry. It is concluded that the adverse possession extrajudicial introduced in the Brazilian legal system is able to produce practical effects in favor of who acquired the property’s right.Keywords: Extrajudicial Adverse Possession. National Council of Justice Provision nº 65. Regularization the adverse possession property.

Orientador: Fernando Antonio Santos Coelho Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química Resumo: Os compostos 1,2- 1,3- e 1,4-dicarbonilados são intermediários sintéticos versáteis que permitem a preparação de núcleos heterocíclicos biologicamente ativos empregados em vários setores industriais, tais como, setor químico-farmacêutico, de materiais e polímeros. A facilidade de obtenção associada à versatilidade sintética apresentada pelos adutos de Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) nos levou a desenvolver metodologias simples e diretas para a preparação de compostos di-carbonilados com arranjos estruturais particulares. Os compostos, 1,3- e 1,4-dicarbonilados, foram utilizados como substrato para a síntese de heterociclos com potencial atividade biológica, alvo desse trabalho de Doutorado, que foi dividido em 4 capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, descrevemos os resultados obtidos no desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia de síntese de compostos 1,4-di-carbonilados utilizando adutos de MBH em uma reação de Stetter, e a transformação desses compostos em heterociclos biologicamente ativos. No segundo capítulo, descrevemos os resultados de uma nova abordagem para síntese de quinolinas 2,3-substituídas, a partir de compostos 1,3-dicarbonilados, por meio de uma reação de Heck entre iodoanilinas e adutos de MBH. No capítulo três descrevemos os resultados obtidos nas avaliações biológicas de espirociclohexadienonas, que apresentaram atividade inibitória da enzima acetilcolinesterase, importante alvo terapêutico para o tratamento da doença de Alzheimer. No capítulo 4, os ciclopenta[b]indóis sintetizados a partir de compostos 1,3-dicarbonilados, apresentaram atividade como agentes anti-tumorais contra linhagens de células de adenocarcinoma de mama humano (MDA-MB-231) Abstract: 1,3 and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds are versatile synthetic intermediates that allow transformations of great commercial utility mainly in the preparation of biologically active heterocyclic moieties playing an important role in organic chemistry, such as the pharmaceutical industry, materials industry and polymers. There are several classical methodologies allowing the synthesis of these structural patterns as building blocks. The versatility of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts present as substrates for various chemical transformations has inspired our research group in the development of simple and direct methodologies for the preparation of dicarbonyl compounds with particular structural arrangements . These compounds were used as substrate for the synthesis of heterocycles with potential biological activity. This document expresses the results obtained in our doctoral work and is divided into four chapters. In its first chapter we will present a new methodology to access 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds using MBH adducts as substrates for an intermolecular Stetter reaction and the transformation of these compounds into biologically active heterocycles. The second chapter will present a new methodological approach for the synthesis of 2,3-substituted quinolines from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds generated in situ through a Mizoroki-Heck reaction between 4-iodoanilines and MBH adducts. Finally, in the final chapters, we will cover the results obtained by the biological evaluations for spirocyclic and cyclopenta[b]indolyl compounds. Spirocycloexadienones exhibited showed a good inhibitory profile against acetylcolinesterase enzyme, an important therapeutic target in Alzheimer's therapy. While cyclopenta[b]indolic compounds had their anti-tumoral profile explored against triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB- 231) Doutorado Química Orgânica Doutor em Ciências CNPQ 140751/2014-9

Much has been said of the prosperous times and unprecedented growth that our nation has enjoyed over the last few years. New York City was no stranger to these good times, surpassing the nation in job growth and benefitting from lower crime rates. Yet there is increasing inequality of incomes and a widening gap between the rich and the poor. This tale of two cities is nothing new. In New York City and other urban areas around the world, extreme poverty and extreme wealth have always coexisted. What has changed is the scope of the problem. As New York City approaches welfare time limits, family homelessness is exploding. Today, the city's family shelter system is at capacity. Over 16,000 men, women, and children spend their nights in shelters on a regular basis. Another 500 families crowd into the Department of Homeless Services' Emergency Assistance Unit (EAU) each evening awaiting placement in shelter. Sometimes, their wait can be days or even weeks. In light of these facts, the Institute for Children and Poverty performed a survey of 350 families, including over 600 children, living in shelters in New York City. What surfaces is not a story of two cities, but of two children-one with a prosperous and bright future, the other with poor health, sporadic education, and little social stability. With a rising number of families becoming homeless over the past twenty years-a 500 percent increase since 1980-the latter child's story has become the poverty standard (see Figure 1).

Each night across America more than one million children are homeless. They and their parents now account for 38% of America's homeless. They are also the fastest growing segment of the homeless population. The demand for emergency shelter by families with children has increased 50% since 1995 and 15% in the last year alone. Despite the lowest unemployment rate in 30 years and a booming stock market, the number of homeless children today is higher than at any other time since the Great Depression. Throughout the early part of 1999, the Institute for Children and Poverty surveyed almost 2,000 families with more than 4,000 children in 24 locations to assess the state of homeless children across America. This report is their story—a story of constant upheaval, educational struggles, declining health, and violence. It is also a story of opportunity for those with the will and the power to influence policy and create change.

Homelessness remains one of the most misunderstood and least documented social policy issues of our time. For almost two decades, the majority of efforts to understand the issues surrounding homelessness have focused solely on transient men. Yet over the last fifteen years, the country has seen the rise of a new poverty: homeless families. Each year since 1993, the U.S. Conference of Mayors has reported that this group comprises the fastest growing segment of the homeless population.1 Today there are 400,000 homeless families in shelter, representing 1.1 million homeless children across America.2 Many Americans refuse to believe, however, that entire families are homeless in the richest country of the world. This collective denial has had grave consequences for homeless children and their families. The lack of hard data has not only obscured the complex nature of family homelessness, it has led to a crisis of policy in the dark. Policy prescriptions that are politically expedient have dominated public discourse. However, these policies are long on rhetoric and short on a reasoned appreciation for the myriad factors that contribute to and sustain family homelessness. In response to this gap between research and public policy, this study was designed to take a national snapshot of family homelessness: to describe the typical homeless family; to identify common trends in income, housing, educational and employment histories of homeless families across regions; and to es

Family homelessness continues to be one of the most misunderstood and inadequately addressed public policy issues in America today. One reason is the scarcity of quantitative data available on the subject. In response, Columbia Universitys Graduate School of International and Public Affairs and the Institute for Children and Poverty designed and implemented an extensive survey on the demographics of homeless families in the New York City region. Data on more than 140 variables was collected from 743 homeless heads-of-household during the spring of 1997. The parents who were interviewed resided in fourteen emergency and transitional family shelters located throughout New York City and northern New Jersey. The following report summarizes the key elements of this research.

A peek through the doors of New York City's Emergency Assistance Unit (EAU), the entryway into the City's family shelter system, presents a shocking snapshot of life for the poorest of America's welfare families: the homeless. Burgeoning with young single mothers and children sitting on floors and sleeping in chairs as they wait for someone to send them on to temporary shelter, the EAU offers a vivid example of the overburdened institutions of support on which poor families depend daily.

With the advent of welfare reform, its proponents anticipate that millions of Americans chronically dependent on public assistance will be set free. In reality, far too many welfare recipients are trapped in a web of poverty from which they are incapable of escaping. Today, over a third of all welfare recipients are single, poorly-educated mothers with little or no work experience (Pavetti 1995, 3). Worse yet, extreme poverty has forced 600,000 of these families into homelessness. Common sense dictates that unless the states, in their new role as leaders in welfare innovation, immediately forge strategic policy, these women and their children–yet another generation–will sink deeper into poverty and dependence.

This chapter presents the perspectives of 12 stakeholders on the current state of family homelessness. To prepare the chapter, the authors conducted interviews with two policymakers, three advocates, three researchers, three shelter providers, and one formerly homeless parent. This qualitative method was selected in order to collect in-depth information from a wide range of people who have firsthand knowledge regarding family homelessness. The first half of this chapter relates the effects of homelessness that inhibit parents’ ability to provide adequate care for their children. The second half of the chapter focuses on the federal policies that positively and negatively impact homeless parents and their children.

The ongoing debate over the flaws in the nation's welfare system centers primarily on two highly charged social ills: teen-age pregnancy and long-term dependence on public assistance. For the poorest and fastest growing segment of the welfare population—homeless mothers—these problems are both severe and inextricably linked. At an alarmingly young age, these women are becoming trapped in a chaotic cycle that offers little structure and few alternatives.