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Used extensively in the aerospace industry, the superalloy Inconel 718 is deemed hard to cut because of its rapid work hardening, low thermal conductivity, and excessive shear strength. Proposed here is patterning Inconel 718 with micro-dimples using electrochemical machining and electrical discharge machining prior to conventional cutting. How this micro-dimple patterning influences the machinability of Inconel 718 is analyzed via orthogonal cutting experiments, and with the optimal parameters, the cutting temperature is lowered by 45.5% and the cutting forces are reduced significantly, i.e., the tangential cutting force and the thrust force are reduced by 61.1% and 47.1%, respectively. The predictions of finite-element simulations agree with experimental observations, and it is concluded that dimpled Inconel 718 offers significantly improved tool wear and surface integrity.

As computer networks continue to grow, network intrusions become more frequent, advanced, and volatile, making it challenging to detect them. This has led to an increase in illegal intrusions that current security tools cannot handle. NIDS is currently available and most reliable ways to monitor network traffic, identify unauthorized usage, and detect malicious attacks. NIDS can provide better visibility of network activity and detect any evidence of attacks and malicious traffic. Recent research has shown that machine learning-based NIDS, particularly with deep learning, is more effective in detecting variants of network attacks compared to traditional rule-based solutions. This proposed model that introduces novel deep learning methodologies for network intrusion detection. The model consists of three approaches: LSTM-RNN, various classifying methodology, and a hybrid Sparse autoencoder with DNN. The LSTM-RNN evaluated NSL-KDD dataset and classified as multi-attack classification. The model outperformed with Adamax optimizer in terms of accuracy, detection rate, and low false alarm rate.

One of the biggest issues with VLSI connections is crosstalk, which is caused by coupling capacitance. Crosstalk reduces operation performance during switching activities and produces undesired output. Noise level rises as switching frequency does as well. Crosstalk will be eliminated by encode the data before connecting into the bus line. This procedure reduces the crosstalk issue by using the improved logic architecture. The proposed approach utilizes a combination of circuit-level optimization techniques, such as gate sizing and interconnect optimization, and advanced timing analysis tools to minimize power consumption and reduce crosstalk.

In this paper, we demonstrate enhanced light trapping by self-organized nanoripples on the germanium surface. The enhanced light trapping leading to high absorption of light is confirmed by the experimental studies as well as the numerical simulations using the finite-difference time-domain method. We used gallium ion (Ga+) focused ion beam to enable the formation of the self-organized nanoripples on the germanium (100) surface. During the fabrication, the overlap of the scanning beam is varied from zero to negative value and found to influence the orientation of the nanoripples. Evolution of nanostructures with the variation of beam overlap is investigated. Parallel, perpendicular, and randomly aligned nanoripples with respect to the scanning direction are obtained via manipulation of the scanning beam overlap. 95% broadband absorptance is measured in the visible electromagnetic region for the nanorippled germanium surface. The reported light absorption enhancement can significantly improve the efficiency of germanium-silicon based photovoltaic systems.

The paper focuses on a comparative analysis of direct torque control (DTC) space vector modulation (SVM) based permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive. This comparative analysis is based on a conventional inverter and a 3-level dual-cell modular multilevel inverter (DCMLI) using the SVM technique using MATLAB simulation. The present DTC-PMSM drive consists of flux and torque hysteresis comparators and has a problem of switching frequency and torque ripple. The problems are solved by using SVM to provide more inverter voltage and it compensates for torque and flux error in a DTC. A reference voltage space vector is calculated every time using the algorithm on the basic of torque error and stator flux angle. It was proposed to control torque, torque angle, and stator flux in DTC-PMSM. From the detailed comparison, the DTC-DCMLI PMSM drive has an exact solution of problem-solving of switching frequency and torque ripple due to less distorted output. Proposed drives can be applicable for hardware implementation in automotive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the simulation and hardware analysis of a two-level inverter-driven permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive in EV applications. The design of various sections of PMSM Drive is discussed in detail. This proposed work is based on the voltage source converter (VSC) fed four-pole, 373 W. This paper highlights the design and implementation using a microcontroller of (PMSM) drive for various operating conditions. The experimental results show that the control and power circuit used in the design can achieve excellent and consistent speed performance. The performance along with test results of the speed and load variation of the PMSM drive is studied for steady-state conditions. The performance of the motor has been checked by increasing the inverter frequency with the speed of the motor and also keeping the frequency remains constant by varying the load and speed. Hardware analysis indicates the improved performance of the motor and the drive. It has good speed and torque responses and is suitable for EPS applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used extensively in the aerospace industry, the superalloy Inconel 718 is deemed hard to cut because of its rapid work hardening, low thermal conductivity, and excessive shear strength. Proposed here is patterning Inconel 718 with micro-dimples using electrochemical machining and electrical discharge machining prior to conventional cutting. How this micro-dimple patterning influences the machinability of Inconel 718 is analyzed via orthogonal cutting experiments, and with the optimal parameters, the cutting temperature is lowered by 45.5% and the cutting forces are reduced significantly, i.e., the tangential cutting force and the thrust force are reduced by 61.1% and 47.1%, respectively. The predictions of finite-element simulations agree with experimental observations, and it is concluded that dimpled Inconel 718 offers significantly improved tool wear and surface integrity. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS: • Prior to conventional machining, Inconel 718 is surface patterned with micro-dimples using micro-ECM and micro-EDM. • Surface-patterned Inconel 718 offers lower cutting forces, better surface integrity, and less cutting-tool wear compared with conventional cutting with no patterning. • Finite-element simulations of the machining process confirm the reduced cutting forces and interface temperatures in the presence of surface patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) was utilized to fabricate uniformly tapered Nitinol needles for endodontic application. A novel dynamic drawing method with stepwise voltage increments was employed to achieve precise uniform tapering during the ECMM process. To better investigate the effect of feed rate, specimen length, duty ratio, and electrolyte concentration on the full taper angle of the tapered needle, an in-house setup of an ECMM was developed. The feed rate had the highest influence (26.35%). Experimental findings verified the designed taper angles for each specimen length to ensure uniform tapering of the fabricated needles. Regression analysis identified optimal parameters: feed rate of 0.32 μm/sec, duty ratio of 21.37%, specimen length of 5.93 mm, and electrolyte concentration of 2.49 M. Validation tests confirmed the reliability of the proposed ECMM process with a novel approach, achieving a minimal error of 1.17%, making it suitable for endodontic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olsalazine sodium is an anti-inflammatory agent used to treat ulcerative colitis. Both British and European Pharmacopoeia list nine process-related impurities in their monographs. Quantification of the impurities in the final synthesized active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is required to meet the quality standards set by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). Both literature reports and commercial vendors for these impurities are few and far between. The present report describes the synthesis, isolation, purification and characterization of these nine pharmacopeial impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant global concerns about the environment include the removal of various organic dye contaminants and the detection of toxic nitrite (NO2−). Herein, we developed a novel composite that combines an inorganic perovskite-based alkaline earth stannate (CaSnO3) with aurivillius oxide (Bi2WO6). These components were synthesized by combustion and hydrothermal methods, respectively. The composite was designed for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and electrochemical sensing of nitrite. The prepared composite was systematically characterized using various analytical techniques to verify its elemental composition and morphology and to determine the particle size and band gap. CaSnO3/Bi2WO6 exhibited a remarkable 92.5% degradation of the carcinogenic MB dye under UV light over approximately 180 minutes. Importantly, it was observed that the designed nanocomposite did not exhibit photo-corrosion properties as the degradation of MB occurred even at pH 11. Furthermore, the CaSnO3/Bi2WO6-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity, with an obtained limit of detection (LOD) of 0.9 μM. In this work, the CaSnO3/Bi2WO6 nanocomposite shows promising potential for efficient photocatalytic dye degradation and electrochemical sensing of nitrite, with the added advantage of avoiding photo-corrosion even under alkaline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]