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One new feruloyl sucrose ester, 3-feruloyl-4′,6′-diacetyl sucrose (1), along with five known feruloyl sucrose esters, 3,6-diferuloyl-3′,6′-diacetyl sucrose (2), smilaside A (3), 3,6-diferuloyl-6′-acetyl sucrose (4), 3-feruloyl-6′-acetyl sucrose (5), and 3,6-diferuloyl sucrose (6), was isolated from Oryza sativa roots. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic data analysis. The six isolated feruloyl sucrose esters were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase in vitro.

벼 지상부를 MeOH 수용액으로 추출하고 이 추출물을 n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH, 및 H2O 분획으로 나누었다. n-BuOH 분획에 대하여 silica gel, ODS 및 Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography 를 반복실시 하여 2종의 화합물을 분리하였다. NMR, IR 및 MS data를 해석하여 각각 adenosine (1)과 phlomuroside (2)로 구조동정 하였다. 이들 화합물들은 벼에서는 처음으로 분리되었다.

This study was initiated to search for the most effective method for extraction of anthocyanins from Morus alba Fruits using organic acids and to evaluate the stability of the pigments at various storage environments. The anthocyanins were effectively extracted by addition of organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid and fumaric acid. The anthocyanins were not degraded at 25℃ and under a fluorescent light with 183 lux, but sharply degraded at 60℃.

Three new neolignans, named 9-methoxyobovatol (6), magnobovatol (7), and 2-hydroxyobovaaldehyde (9), along with six known ones, magnolol (1), honokiol (2), isomagnolol (3), obovatol (4), obovatal (5), and obovaaldehyde (8), were isolated from the fruits of Magnolia obovata using silica gel and ODS column chromatography. From the results of spectroscopic data including EIMS, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, DEPT, and 2D-NMR (gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC), the chemical structures were determined. All isolated compounds were evaluated for inhibition activity on nitric oxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and compounds 1-4, 6, 7, and 9 showed significant activity with IC50 values of 15.8 ± 0.3, 3.3 ± 1.2, 14.1 ± 0.9, 6.2 ± 1.2, 14.8 ± 2.3, 14.2 ± 1.2, and 14.8 ± 3.2 µM, respectively, without any visible toxic effect.

The roots of Brassica rapa ssp. were extracted with 95% aqueous ethanol and the concentrated extracts were partitioned using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol and H2O, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, five flavonoids were isolated through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatography (c.c.). Based on NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) and IR spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined to be licochalcone A (1), 4,4'- dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone (2), liquirtigenin (3), liquiritin (4), and isoliquiritin (5). This is the first report of these compounds isolated from the root of this plant.

The main objectives of this study were to investigate physicochemicals and antioxidant activities of new red rice (Oryza sativa cv. Gunganghongmi (GH)) by comparing normal brown (Nampyeongbyeo, NB) and reported red rice (Jukjinjubyeo, JB) in Korea. The nutritional constituents, including protein, oil, sugar, fatty acid, GABA, and γ-oryzanol were not significantly different between normal brown and colored rice. However, the ethanol extract of GH showed the highest phenolic content (24.7 ± 1.3 mg g−1). The ethanol extracts of GH showed higher scavenging activities against DPPH (0.2 mg mL−1 = 62.1 ± 2.5%) and ABTS (0.2 mg mL−1 = 63.2 ± 3.5%) radicals. Moreover, GH more inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production (13.2 ± 1.4 μM) than JB (18.3 ± 2.3 μM) and NB (22.1 ± 1.4 μM) at the same concentration (0.2 mg mL−1) without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that new red rice (GH) would be considered to be new functional rice due to its anti-oxidative effect and high nutrition.

Two new indoles, 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile (1) and 6-hydroxy-1-methylindole3-acetonitrile (2), along with two known indoles [caulilexin C (3) and arvelexin (4)], were isolated from turnip roots (Brassica rapa ssp. campestris L.). The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of NMR, FAB-MS, and IR spectroscopic data.

Fresh and chopped aerial parts of Oryza sativa were extracted in 80% aqueous mehthanol, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), nbutanol, and H2O. From the EtOAc fraction, a new flavonolignan (2) and a known flavonolignan, salcolin B (1), were isolated through repeated SiO2 and octadecyl silica gel column chromatography. Based on NMR, mass spectrometer, and IR spectroscopic data, the chemical structure of compound (2) was determined to be tricin-4’-O-[erythro-β-guaiacyl-(7’’-O-methyl)-glyceryl] ether, which has thus far never been reported and was named salcolin C (2). Salcolin B (1) and salcolin C (2) dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 29.8±0.6 and 10.8±1.0 μM, respectively, without visible toxic effect.

Phytochemical investigation on the florets of Thysanolaena latifolia leads to the isolation of a new compound 6″-O-acetylorientin-2″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), named amrisoside and other 34 known compounds. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined from the interpretation of spectroscopic data including NMR, MS, and IR. This is the first report of phytochemical constituents from the monotypic genus Thysanolaena.

A new flavonolignan glucoside, tricin-4′-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl)ether 9′′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9′′-O-glucopyranosyl salcolin B), was isolated from the aerial parts of Oryza sativa L. The structure of the compound was established on the basis of NMR, FAB-MS, and IR spectroscopic data.

Repeated SiO 2 and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) columnchromatographies of the EtOAc fraction from Magnolia obovatafruits, 10 neolignans, named magnolol (1), honokiol (2),isoobovatol (3), isomagnolol (4), obovatol (5), obovatal (6), 9-methoxyobovatol (7), magnobovatol (8), obovaaldehyde (9), and2-hydroxyobovaaldehyde (10) were isolated and identified. Allisolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicityagainst seven human cancer cell lines.Keywords cancer cell · cytotoxicity · honokiol · Magnolia obovata · magnolol · neolignanMagnolia obovata Thunb. is a deciduous tree that is distributedthroughout Korea, China, and Japan. This plant has been used forthe treatment of fever, headache, diarrhea, anxiety, and relief ofasthma in Chinese medicine. M. obovata has been reported tohave anti-platelet (Pyo et al., 2002a; 2002b), anti-gastritic (Cho etal., 2008), anti-inflammatory (Tzeng and Liu, 2004; Seo et al.,2013) and cytotoxic (Min et al., 2008; Youn et al., 2008) activities.So far, magnolol, honokiol, and obovatol have been reported toshow cytotoxic activities against human cancer cells (Kim andRyu, 1999; Lin et al., 2001; Yang et al., 2003; Youn et al., 2008;Patrick et al., 2011). However cytotoxic effects of neolignans fromM. obovata fruits have never been reported. Therefore, in thepresent study, the neolignans from M. obovata fruits wereevaluated for cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell lines invitro using the micro culture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. We isolated10 neolignans from M. obovata fruits using SiO

Five phenyl compounds, vanillin (1), methyl trans-ferulate (2), trans-p-coumaric acid methyl ester (3), N-benzoyltryptamine (4), and N-(trans-cinnamoyl)tryptamine (5), were isolated from the roots of Oryza sativa L. and identified on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 3 and 5 showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production in murine B16-F10 melanoma cells and tyrosinase activity. Also, the quantitative analysis of the compounds was carried out using LC/MS/MS experiment. Compounds 3 and 5 could be used as skin-whitening agents.

A prenylated arylbenzofuran and six flavonoids were isolated from the fruits of Morus alba L. through silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Diaion HP-20 column chromatography. Based on the nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined to be artoindonesianin O (1), isobavachalcone (2), morachalcone A (3), quercetin (4), astragalin (5), isoquercetin (6), and rutin (7). The isolated compounds were evaluated for protection of HT22-immortalized hippocampal cells against glutamate-induced oxidative stress. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited protective effects with EC50 values of 19.7±1.2 and 35.5±2.1 μM, respectively. The major compounds 1-3 and 7 were quantified using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis and were determined to be 1.88±2.1, 1.90±1.8, 0.78±1.5, and 37.29±2.2 mg/kg, respectively, in the ethanol extract of M. alba L. fruits.

Two new pimarane diterpenoids, momilactone D (3) and momilactone E (5), along with three known diterpenoids, momilactone A (1), sandaracopimaradien-3-one (2), and oryzalexin A (4) were isolated from Oryza sativa roots. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic data analysis. The isolated diterpenoids were evaluated for their ability to inhibit NO production and iNOS mRNA and protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compound 4 showed strong inhibition activity on NO production, and compounds 1 and 4 decreased the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein levels.