Search

Coffee pulp, mucilage, and beans with mucilage were used to develop alcoholic beverages. The pulp of 45.3% pulp, 54.7% mucilage with seed, and 9.4% mucilage only were obtained during the wet processing of coffee. Musts were prepared for all to TSS (Total soluble solid) 18 °Bx and fermentation was carried out for 12–16 days until TSS decreased to 5 °Bx at 30 °C. Phenolic characteristics, chromatic structures, chemical parameters, and sensory characteristics were analyzed for the prepared alcoholic beverages. Methanol content, ester content, aldehyde, alcohol, total acidity, caffeine, polyphenols, flavonoids, chromatic structure, and hue of the alcoholic beverage from the pulp was 335 mg/L, 70.58 ppm, 9.15 ppm, 8.86 ABV%, 0.41%, 30.94 ppm, 845.7 mg GAE/g dry extract, 440.7 mg QE/g dry extract, 0.41, and 1.71, respectively. An alcoholic beverage from the pulp was found superior to an alcoholic beverage from mucilage with beans and a beverage from mucilage in sensory analysis. There is the possibility of developing fermented alcoholic beverages from coffee pulp and mucilage. However, further research is necessary for quality of the beans that were obtained from the fermentation with the mucilage.

Fe3O4-CTAB NPs have been applied as a competent catalyst for one-pot synthesis of nitriles directly from aldehydes. The present investigation describes the synthesis of nitriles by combination of aromatic/aliphatic/heterocyclic aldehydes and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of iron oxide nanocatalyst in DMF under reflux condition. Fe3O4-CTAB NPs were prepared by reported method and characterized by FE-SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis. The amount of Fe in Fe3O4-CTAB was quantified by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The protocol endow with excellent yield of products along with simple reaction set up and economically adept alternative approach.

A green and suitable protocol for the conversion of aldoximes into nitriles is described. The transformation is carried out under solvent-free conditions using FeCl3-silica medium. The protocol offers a green, single-step facile procedure with the use of less toxic metal salt to isolate nitriles in good to excellent yields.

A series of substituted benzimidazoles were efficiently prepared by combining 1,2-phenylenediamine with aryl, heteroaryl aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O. The advantages of this new protocol are high conversion, clean reaction profile, use of less toxic catalyst, low cost, and environment friendly. The method is very simple mild and applicable to aryl as well as heteroaryl aldehydes without significant difference.

γ-Maghemite-silica nanocomposite has been applied as a green catalyst to synthesize variety of aromatic N -heterocycles under solvent free conditions. Characterization was done by modern analytical tools (UV, IR, AAS, DSC, EDXRF, powdered XRD, EPR, Mossbauer and TEM). Mild reaction conditions and recyclability have made the present protocol both environmentally and economically viable.

Fe3O4-CTAB NPs have been applied as a competent catalyst for one-pot synthesis of nitriles directly from aldehydes. The present investigation describes the synthesis of nitriles by combination of aromatic/aliphatic/heterocyclic aldehydes and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of iron oxide nanocatalyst in DMF under reflux condition. Fe3O4-CTAB NPs were prepared by reported method and characterized by FE-SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis. The amount of Fe in Fe3O4-CTAB was quantified by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The protocol endow with excellent yield of products along with simple reaction set up and economically adept alternative approach.

A green and suitable protocol for the conversion of aldoximes into nitriles is described. The transformation is carried out under solvent-free conditions using FeCl3-silica medium. The protocol offers a green, single-step facile procedure with the use of less toxic metal salt to isolate nitriles in good to excellent yields.

A new facile protocol is reported for the condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine with aryl- and hetaryl aldehydes to produce benzimidazoles.

A new and convenient protocol for the transformation of aldehydes into nitriles using hydroxylamine hydrochloride by iron III chloride is presented. The protocol offers a very simple, cost efficient, and environmentally benign procedure with good to excellent yield of nitrile.

A new simple method allows the conversion of aromatic aldehydes into nitriles in the presence of FeCl3 as promotor.

Epoxidation of 16-DPA (I) with MCPBA on activated silica selectively leads to the 5,6-epoxy derivative (II), whereas the reaction of (I) with MCPBA in solution gives the diepoxy derivative (III) as an isomeric mixture.

A green and efficient protocol for the selective synthesis of mono- or dioxime derivatives of various carbonyl compounds is developed.

Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734 013, West Bengal, India E-mail : pizyl2@yahoo.com Fax : 91-353-2699001 Manuscript received 12 October 2011, revised 23 February 2012, accepted 07 June 2012 A green and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of either exclusively a monoxime or exclusively a dioxime from a host of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds on silica.

Natural Product and Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734 013, West Bengal, India E-mail : pizyl2@yahoo.com Fax : 91-353-2699001 Manuscript received 14 December 2010, revised 23 February 2012, accepted 14 March 2012 Reaction of 16-DPA (1) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) on activated silica gives selectively the 5,6- epoxy derivative 2 of 1 with an excellent yield of 91.75% whereas no selectivity was observed in solution phase reaction and a diepoxy (5,6 and 16,17 ) derivative 3 (as an isomeric mixture) is obtained.

The dynamics of low-density flows is governed by the Boltzmann equation of the kinetic theory of gases. This is a nonlinear integro-differential equation and, in general, numerical methods must be used to obtain its solution. The present paper, after a brief review of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods due to Bird, and Belotserkovskii and Yanitskii, studies the details of theDSMC method of Deshpande for mono as well as multicomponent gases. The present method is a statistical particle-in-cell method and is based upon the Kac-Prigogine master equation which reduces to the Boltzmann equation under the hypothesis of molecular chaos. The proposed Markoff model simulating the collisions uses a Poisson distribution for the number of collisions allowed in cells into which the physical space is divided. The model is then extended to a binary mixture of gases and it is shown that it is necessary to perform the collisions in a certain sequence to obtain unbiased simulation.