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Insufficient progress in the development of national highways and state highways, coupled with a lack of public awareness regarding road safety, has resulted in prevalent traffic congestion and a high rate of accidents. Understanding the dominant and contributing factors that may influence road traffic accident severity is essential. This study identified the primary causes and the most significant target‐specific causative factors for road accident severity. A modified partitioning around medoids model determined the dominant road accident features. These clustering algorithms will extract hidden information from the road accident data and generate new features for our implementation. Then, the proposed method is compared with the other state‐of‐the‐art clustering techniques with three performance metrics: the silhouette coefficient, the Davies–Bouldin index, and the Calinski–Harabasz index. This article's main contribution is analyzing six different scenarios (different angles of the problem) concerning grievous and non‐injury accidents. This analysis provides deeper insights into the problem and can assist transport authorities in Tamil Nadu, India, in deriving new rules for road traffic. The output of different scenarios is compared with hierarchical clustering, and the overall clustering of the proposed method is compared with other clustering algorithms. Finally, it is proven that the proposed method outperforms other recently developed techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modeling of the metallic wires susceptibility facing to the disturbances caused by electromagnetic (EM) near-field (NF) radiated by electronic structures in radio frequencies (RF) is introduced by using a hybrid method. This latter is based on the use of the given EM-data calculated or determined from the standard computation tools associated with basic analytical methods expressing the coupling voltages at the victim wire extremities and the EM-NF radiations. In difference to the classical methods based on the far-field radiations, the main benefit of this method lies on the possibility to take into account the evanescent waves from the disturbing elements. The basic principle illustrating the hybrid method principle is explained. To verify the relevance of the method proposed, we consider a metallic wire having cm-length above the ground plane disturbed by the EM-near-waves from the electronic circuits in proximity. For that, we model the EM radiation of the disturbing electronic circuits and then, apply the hybrid method to evaluate the coupling voltages induced through the wires. By considering the radiations around hundreds MHz, we demonstrate that the hybrid method proposed enables us to generate voltages in good agreement with the simulations performed with the commercial tools. Two types of realistic configurations are studied. First, with a microstrip loop circuit radiating at about 0.7 GHz, we calculated induced voltages at the extremities of the structures. Then, the same analysis was made with a 3D-model coil self for the large band from 0.1 GHz to 0.5 GHz. The results are in good accordance between the terminal voltages of the wire. The relative error in the second configuration falls less than 10%. This investigation is important for the EM compatibility (EMC) analysis of the radiating coupling between wires and complex electrical and electronic systems disturbed by RF harmonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke has become one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and about 800 in every 100,000 people suffer from stroke each year. The occurrence of stroke is ranked third among the causes of acute death and first among the causes for neurological dysfunction. Currently, Neurological examinations followed by medical imaging with CT, MRI or Angiography are used to provide better identification of the location and the type of the stroke, however they are neither fast, cost-effective nor portable. Microwave technology has emerged to complement these modalities to diagnose stroke as it is sensitive to the differences between the distinct dielectric properties of the brain tissues and blood. This paper investigates the possibility of diagnosing the type of stroke using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The object of interest is a simulated head phantom with stroke, created with its specifying material characteristics like electrical conductivity and relative permittivity. The phantom is then placed in an electromagnetic field generated by a dipole antenna radiating at 1 GHz. The FEM forward model solver computes the scattered electromagnetic field by finding the solution for the Maxwell's wave equation in the head volume. Subsequently the inverse scattering problem is solved using the Contrast Source Inversion (CSI) method to reconstruct the dielectric profile of the head phantom.

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a wellestablished non-invasive technique for measuring metabolic changes in biological tissue. In this paper we describe the design and development of an autonomic portable single board computer based high resolution NIRS device, which allows quantification of these changes. The sensor-patch consisting of 8LEDs and 2photo-detectorsprovides8 channels for each detector, offering increased depth resolution for monitoring microcirculatory activity..NIRS data is acquired with a sampling rate of about 2Hz per channel using the data acquisition board which consists of a 16 bit ADC, a LED driver and programmable gain amplifiers. The components on the data acquisition board are controlled via the Advantech's PCM-3355L SBC based on Windows XP platform. The software was created using Visual Basic 6.0 and Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0. It offers optionally a real time 'monitoring' and a static data (offline) visualization mode. The most unique feature of the system is its ability to auto-calibrate itself i.e. Adopt the intensity of the LEDs output light to different experimental conditions, e.g. local melanin content, density of the tissue, and emitter-detector distances. To validate the device various experiments have been carried out such as measurements on resting and working gastrocnemius and biceps muscle in ambulatory situations. The achieved results confirmed adequate performance and reliability of the device.