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Two-year research was carried out in 2014 and 2015 on the territory of the municipality of Leskovac, on alluvium land type. In the experiment, 6 maize hybrids of different vegetation lengths 400-600 were sown (ZP 434, NS 4023, ZP 555, NS 5051, ZP 666, NS 6030). The hybrid NS 6030 (10.248 t ha-1) had the highest average yield in 2014, while the hybrid FAO group 400 NS 4023 (9.467 t ha-1) had the lowest. The highest average yield in the year 2015, unfavorable for corn production, was achieved by the hybrid FAO group 400 ZP 434 (6.938 t ha-1) and the smallest yield by hybrid FAO group 600 NS 6030 (4.980 t ha-1). In 2015, being that the average temperatures were warmer than in 2014, and it had fewer amounts and worse distribution of precipitation, late sowing had a very bad effect on all hybrids, especially on FAO 600 hybrids.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Takovčanka, Kruna i Aleksandra postavljen je na zemljištu tipa smonica tokom dve vegetacione sezone. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri kragujevačke sorte pšenice analizira prinos, masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa. Najveće vrednosti ispitivanih osobina ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2019/20. godini. Najveći prinos zrna tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja ustanovljen je kod sorte Kruna. Sorta Takovčanka odlikovala se najvećom masom 1000 zrna. Najveće vrednosti hektolitarske mase ustanovljene su kod sorte Aleksandra, u obe ispitivane godine. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen je visoko značajan uticaj interakcije agroklimatskih uslova na prinos, masu 1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu i značajan uticaj genotipa na hektolitarsku masu kod ispitivanih sorti ozime pšenice., The field experiment with the wheat varieties Takovčanka, Kruna and Aleksandra was set up on the smonitza-type soil during the two growing seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the yield, weight of 1000 grains and hectolitre weight of three Kragujevac wheat varieties. The highest values of the observed properties were established in the 2019/20 vegetation year. Variety Kruna had the highest grain yield during the twoyear study. The Takovčanka variety was characterized by the highest weight of 1000 grains. The highest values of hectolitre weight were found in the Aleksandra variety in both study years. The analysis of variance established a highly significant influence of agro climatic conditions on the yield, weight of 1000 grains and the hectolitre weight and significant influence of genotype on the hectolitre weight of the tested varieties of winter wheat.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Takovčanka, Kruna i Aleksandrapostavljen je na zemljištu tipa smonica tokom dve vegetacione sezone.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri kragujevačke sorte pšenice analiziraprinos, masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa. Najveće vrednostiispitivanih osobina ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2019/20. godini.Najveći prinos zrna tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja ustanovljen je kodsorte Kruna. Sorta Takovčanka odlikovala se najvećom masom 1000zrna. Najveće vrednosti hektolitarske mase ustanovljene su kod sorteAleksandra, u obe ispitivane godine. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen jevisoko značajan uticaj interakcije agroklimatskih uslova na prinos, masu1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu i značajan uticaj genotipa na hektolitarskumasu kod ispitivanih sorti ozime pšenice., The field experiment with the wheat varieties Takovčanka, Kruna andAleksandra was set up on the smonitza-type soil during the two growing seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the yield, weight of 1000grains and hectolitre weight of three Kragujevac wheat varieties. Thehighest values of the observed properties were established in the 2019/20vegetation year. Variety Kruna had the highest grain yield during the twoyearstudy. The Takovčanka variety was characterized by the highestweight of 1000 grains. The highest values of hectolitre weight were foundin the Aleksandra variety in both study years. The analysis of varianceestablished a highly significant influence of agro climatic conditions on theyield, weight of 1000 grains and the hectolitre weight and significantinfluence of genotype on the hectolitre weight of the tested varieties ofwinter wheat.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Pobeda, Simonida, NS 40 S i Zvezdana postavljen je na zemljištu tipa smonica tokom vegetacionih sezona 2016/2017. i 2017/2018. Najveće vrednosti ispitivanih osobina ustanovljene su u godini sa umerenim temperaturama i većom količinom padavina u vegetacionoj 2017/2018. godini. Sorte Pobeda i NS 40 S imale su najveći prinos zrna tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja. Sorte Simonida i NS 40 S odlikovale su se najvećom masom 1000 zrna. Najveće vrednosti hektolitarske mase ustanovljene su kod sorte Simonida. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen je visoko značajan uticaj interakcije spoljašnje sredine i genotipa na masu 1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu kod ispitivanih sorti ozime pšenice., The field experiment with the wheat varieties Pobeda, Simonida, NS 40 S and Zvezdana was set up on the smonica-type soil during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons. The highest values of the observed properties were established in the 2017/2018 vegetation year with moderate temperatures and a higher amount of precipitation. Varieties Pobeda and NS 40 S had the highest grain yield during the two-year study. The varieties Simonida and NS 40 S were distinguished by the largest 1000 grain weight. The highest values of hectoliter weight were found in the variety Simonida. The analysis of variance established a highly significant influence of the interaction of external environment and genotype on the 1000 grain weight and the hectoliter mass of the tested varieties of winter wheat.

The results of the study of the influence of fertilization and calcification on the yield and yield components of winter triticale grown on low pH soil are presented in this paper. Five variants of fertilization were tested during three growing seasons. Trial treatments included different fertilization variants: V1-control, V2-N120, V3-N120P80K60, V4-N120P80K60 + 5 t ha- 1 of lime and V5-N120P80K60 + 5 t ha-1 of lime + 30 t ha-1 of manure. The results of the research showed that all yield components responded positively to the application of mineral nutrition by changing the production characteristics and grain quality. The variant with the combined application of NPK, lime and manure had the greatest positive effect on all tested parameters affecting triticale productivity. During the study, the highest yield of triticale 5.826 t ha-1 was obtained on the fertilization variant with the combined application of lime, manure and NPK fertilizers. The achieved increase in the grain yield of triticale was significant compared to the control and the NPK variant of fertilization. Highly significant positive dependencies were found between the grain yield with 1000-grain weight, and test weight and significant positive dependencies were found between 1000-grain weight and test weight. Theresearch highlighted the impact of different fertilizer treatments on the yield and grain quality traits of winter triticale.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Pobeda, NS Vlajna i NS Azra postavljen je na zemljištu tipa smonica tokom vegetacionih sezona 2016/17. i 2017/18. godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri novosadske sorte pšenice gajene na slabo kiselom zemljištu analizira prinos, masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa zrna. Najveće vrednosti ispitivanih osobina ustanovljene su u godini sa umerenim temperaturama i većom količinom padavina u vegetacionoj 2017/18. godini. Sorta Pobeda imala je najveći prinos zrna tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja. Najvećom masom 1000 zrna i hektolitarskom masom odlikovala se sorta NS Vlajna. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen je visoko značajan uticaj agroklimatskih uslova na hektolitarsku masu i visoko značajan uticaj genotipa na masu 1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu kod ispitivanih sorti ozime pšenice., The field experiment with the wheat varieties Pobeda, NS Vlajna and NS Azra was set up on the smonica-type soil during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 growing seasons. The goal of the research was to analyze the yield, mass of 1000 grains and hectoliter mass of three wheat varieties of Novi Sad grown on slightly acidic soil. The highest values of the tested properties were established in the year with moderate temperatures and a higher amount of precipitation in the 2017/18 vegetation year. The Pobeda variety had the highest grain yield during the two-year study. The NS Vlajna variety was distinguished by the largest mass of 1000 grains and hectoliter mass. Analysis of variance established a highly significant influence of agroclimatic conditions on the hectoliter mass and a highly significant influence of the genotype on the mass of 1000 grains and hectoliter mass of the tested winter wheat varieties.

The results of the study of the influence of fertilization and calcification on the yield and yield components of winter triticale grown on low pH soil are presented in this paper. Five variants of fertilization were tested during three growing seasons. Trial treatments included different fertilization variants: V1-control, V2-N120, V3-N120P80K60, V4-N120P80K60 + 5 t ha- 1 of lime and V5-N120P80K60 + 5 t ha-1 of lime + 30 t ha-1 of manure. The results of the research showed that all yield components responded positively to the application of mineral nutrition by changing the production characteristics and grain quality. The variant with the combined application of NPK, lime and manure had the greatest positive effect on all tested parameters affecting triticale productivity. During the study, the highest yield of triticale 5.826 t ha-1 was obtained on the fertilization variant with the combined application of lime, manure and NPK fertilizers. The achieved increase in the grain yield of triticale was significant compared to the control and the NPK variant of fertilization. Highly significant positive dependencies were found between the grain yield with 1000-grain weight, and test weight and significant positive dependencies were found between 1000-grain weight and test weight. Theresearch highlighted the impact of different fertilizer treatments on the yield and grain quality traits of winter triticale.

ferent agro-ecological conditions have a great influence on the phenotypical expression of yield components and grain yield. Besides this, their relationships are changed, too. In extreme wet conditions of the year, with large amounts of precipitations during the most important development stages, phenotypic differences and the relationship between the most important yield components and grain yield are less pronounced. Coefficients of variation, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were used to determine the performances of advanced wheat genotypes under different agro-climatic conditions of research locations. In this research, the highest degree of variation, i.e. coefficients of variation for spikes mass and grain mass per plant from localities Kragujevac, Kruševac, and Sombor were expressed. Compared with the other two localities, the locality Sombor is distinguished by a strong and positive degree of correlations between yield components and grain yield., Različiti agroekološki uslovi, u velikoj meri, utiču na fenotipsku ekspresiju komponenti rodnosti i prinosa zrna. Pored toga, odnosi između njih se menjaju, takođe. U godini sa velikim količinama padavina i ekstremno vlažnim uslovima tokom najvažnijih faza razvoja, fenotipske razlike i odnosi između najznačajnijih komponenti rodnosti i prinosa zrna su manje izraženi. Koeficijent varijacije, korelaciona analiza i klaster analiza su korišćene u cilju određivanja ponašanja perspektivnih genotipova pšenice u različitim agroklimatskim uslovima ispitivanih lokaliteta. U ovom istraživanju, najviši stepen varijacije, tj. koeficijent varijacije, utvrđen je za masu klasa i masu zrna po biljci na lokalitetima Kragujevac, Kruševac i Sombor. U poređenju sa ostala dva lokaliteta, lokalitet Sombor se odlikovao najvećim brojem pozitivnih i negativnih korelacija između komponenti rodnosti i prinosa zrna

Sustainable resource management ensures stability and quality of agricultural production on the global food market. Organic production ensures are health-safe products, economic benefit, preserving the environment and health. In study is analyzed organic production in the World, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia and North Macedonia. The organic agricultural area records a growth trend in 2021, of 1.7%. This is indicated by data from 191 countries and more than 76 million hectares of agricultural land, which is 1.6 percent of the total agricultural land.

U radu je prikazana uporedna efikasnost dva insekticida prirodnog porekla, Spinosada i Abamektina, koji nisu registrovani za uskladištenu zrnastu robu, ali su u širokoj upotrebi u organskoj proizvodnji. Efikasnost ovih insekticida ispitivana je na žitnom kukuljičaru Rhyzopertha dominica F., kao primarnoj štetočini koja može da infestira sve vrste uskladištenih strnih žita. Insekticidi Laser 240 SC i Abastate EC primenjeni su u količini 0,25, 0,5 i 1,0 g a.s. kg-1 žita (pšenica, raž, tritikale, ječam i ovas). Utvrđena je veća inicijalna efikasnost Spinosada, čijom primenom nije ustanovljen „efekat zrna“. Povećanjem doze primene i dužine ekspozicije povećava se efikasnost Abamektina i smanjuje razlika u efikasnosti između ispitivanih vrsta žita. Deset sedmica posle tretiranja Spinosadom i Abamektinom nije utvrđena pojava potomstva R. dominica. Iako imaju različite mehanizme delovanja, rezultati ukazuju na moguću upotrebu i Spinosada i Abamektina u zaštiti uskladištenog strnog žita., This paper analyzed the comparative effectiveness of two insecticides of natural origin, Spinosad and Abamectin, which are not registered for grain storage, but are widely used in organic production. The effectiveness of these insecticides was tested on the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica F. as a primary pest that can infest all types of small grains. The insecticides Laser 240 SC and Abastate EC were applied in the amount of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g a.s. kg-1 grain (wheat, rye, triticale, barley and oats). A greater initial efficiency of Spinosad was established, with the application of which no "grain effect" was recorded. Increasing the application dose and the length of exposure of R. dominica increases the effectiveness of Abamectin, and reduces the difference in the effectiveness to the tested types of grain. Ten weeks after exposure to Spinosad and Abamectin the research did not determine the presence of R. dominica offspring. Although they have different mechanisms of action, the results indicate the possible use of Spinosad and Abamectin in the protection of stored small grains.

Kukuruz (Zea mays L.) je vrlo važna ratarska kultura u Republici Srbiji i svetu, sa tendencijom povećanja proizvodnih površina i značaja na tržištu. Uspeh stabilne proizvodnje u velikoj meri zavisi od nivoa primenjene agrotehnike i umešnosti u izboru hibrida, kao i vremenskih prilika u toku procesa proizvodnje. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se tokom dvogodišnjih istraživanja utvrdi uticaj hibrida različitih FAO grupa zrenja i klimatskih prilika na prinos zrna kukuruza. Ispitivanja su obavljena tokom 2014. i 2015. godine na teritoriji opštine Leskovac. U ogledu je bilo zastupljeno 6 hibrida kukuruza (ZP 434, NS 4023, ZP 555, NS 5051, ZP 666, NS 6030), koji su zasejani sredinom aprila. Ogled je zasnovan po slučajnom blok sistemu, u tri ponavljanja. Uticaj hibrida različitih FAO grupa zrenja i različitih agroekoloških uslova na prinos zrna kukuruza bio je jako izražen. Najveći prosečan prinos tokom 2014. godine ostvario je hibrid NS 6030 (11.068 kg ha-1), dok je u 2015. godini najmanji prosečan prinos ostvario isti hibrid (6.443 kg ha-1). Ostvareni prinosi u 2014. godini kod svih ispitivanih hibrida značajno su veći u odnosu na prinose u 2015. godini., Maize (Zea mays L.) is a very important field crop in the Republic of Serbia and the world, with the tendency of further expansion of production area and market importance. The success of stable production depends to a large extent on the level of applied agricultural techniques and skill in the selection of hybrids, as well as weather conditions during the production process. The goal of the research was to determine the influence of hybrids of different FAO ripening groups and climatic conditions on the grain yield of corn during two years of research. The tests were carried out in 2014 and 2015 in the territory of the municipality of Leskovac. The trial included 6 maize hybrids (ZP 434, NS 4023, ZP 555, NS 5051, ZP 666, NS 6030), which were sown in mid-April. The experiment was based on a randomized block system, with three replications. The influence of hybrids of different FAO ripening groups and different agro-ecological conditions on corn grain yield was very pronounced. The highest average yield in 2014 was achieved by hybrid NS 6030 (11,068 kg ha-1), while the lowest yield in 2015 was achieved by the same hybrid (6,443 kg ha-1). The yields achieved in 2014 for all tested hybrids were significantly higher than the yields in 2015.

U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja klijavosti semena i početnog porasta klijanaca četiri hibrida suncokreta (2950, 2951, 3007, 3009) pri različitim temperaturama: 20, 25 i 30 °C. Kod svih ispitivanih hibrida najviše klijanje semena suncokreta ostvareno je na temperaturi od 30 °C, međutim, na dva ispitivana hibrida (2950 i 3007) nije nađena značajna razlika (p ≥ 0,05) između klijavosti na temperaturi 30 i 25 °C. Korelacionom međuzavisnošću između klijavosti i porasta stabaoceta utvrđena je pozitivna i statistički značajna razlika (r=0,576- p ≤ 0,05), dok je između klijavosti i porasta korenka utvrđena takođe pozitivna međuzavisnost, ali ne i statistički značajna razlika (r=0,252- p ≥ 0,05).

The tests were performed on the property of the Agricultural and Chemical School “Doctor Djordje Radic” in Kraljevo, on pseudogley soil, during a two-year period (2015/16 and 2016/17). Based on the analysis of production value and total variable costs, a production calculation was made. Elements of economic efficiency (productivity, economy and profitability) were calculated for all four variants of fertilization. The tests showed a significant variation in grain yield in the tested fertilization variants. During the two-year research, the T2 variant fertilized with mineral nutrients with increased phosphorus dose (NP2K) had the most favorable values of economic efficiency indicators. Variant T2 can be considered the most profitable and most cost-effective, regardless of the fact that the yield and production value were the highest in variant T4, which is fertilized with a combination of mineral nutrients with increased doses of phosphorus, lime and organic fertilizers.

Oat is widely grown in Western Serbia and compared to other cereal crops is reputed to be better suited for production under marginal environments, including low fertility soils and cool wet climates. To determine the effect of cultivar and growing seasons on the yield and components of the oats yield two varieties were examined during three years, in the field experiment of the secondary agricultural-chemical school “Dr Đorđe Radić” in Kraljevo. Trials were arranged according to a randomized scheme in five replications. The following oat traits were analyzed: grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, test weight and plant height. The experiment was performed on extremely acidic pseudogley soil. The obtained results show a high effect of the years on grain yield and certain parameters of its quality. On average, the highest yield of oats 2.879 t ha-1 was obtained in the variety Vranac. The results of these studies indicate a significant impact of the growing season on grain yield and quality of oats, grown on poor soils of the pseudogley type, which is often present in Western Serbia. Grain yield shows a tendency to increase in years with a higher total amount and better distribution of precipitation during the critical stages of oat plant development., U cilju utvrđivanja uticaja sorte i vegetacione sezone na prinos i komponente prinosa ovsa ispitivane su dve sorte ovsa tokom tri vegetacione sezone na oglednom polju srednje poljoprivredno-hemijske škole "dr Đorđe Radić" u Kraljevu. Ogledi su postavljeni po šemi slučajnog rasporeda u pet ponavljanja. Analizirani su: prinos zrna, masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa i visina biljaka. Ogled je zasnovan na ekstremno kiselom zemljištu tipa pseudoglej. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju visok efekat vegetacione sezone na prinos zrna i određene parametre njegovog kvaliteta. U proseku, za sve sorte, tokom trogodišnjeg ogleda, najveći prinos ovsa 2 .879 t ha -1 dobijen je kod sorte Vranac. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju na značajan uticaj vegetacione sezone na prinos zrna i kvalitet ovsa gajenog na siromašnim zemljištima tipa pseudoglej koje je često zastupljeno na područiju Zapadne Srbije. Prinos zrna pokazuje tendenciju rasta u godinama sa većom ukupnom količinom i boljom raspodelom padavina tokom kritičnih faza razvoja biljaka ovsa.

Poljski ogled sa sortama Rekord, Maksa i Grand postavljen je na zemljištu tipa vertisol tokom vegetacionih sezona 2006-2010 godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri sorte ozimog ječma gajenih na kiselom zemljištu analizira prinos zrna. Najveće vrednosti prinosa zrna ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2007/08 godini (5.788 t ha-1). Prosečan petogodišnji prinos zrna kod ispitivanih sorti kretao se od 4.654 t ha-1 do 5.207 t ha-1. Sorta Maksa imala je najveći prinos zrna. Na osnovu analize varijanse, može se zaključiti da postoje vrlo značajne razlike u prinosu zrna u odnosu na godinu ispitivanja., Field trial with barley varieties Rekord, Maksa and Grand was set on vertisoltype soil during the vegetation seasons 2006-2010. The aim of the research was to analyse the grain yield in three varieties of barley cultivated on acid soil. The highest values of grain yield were established in the vegetation year 2007/08 (5.788 t ha-1). The average of five-year grain yield of barley cultivars ranged from 4.654 t ha-1 to 5.207 t ha-1. The Maksa cultivar had the highest yield of grain. Based on the analysis of variance, it can be concluded that there are very significant differences in grain yield regard the year of investigation, while among the investigated barley cultivars the differences were very significant.

The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effects of cultivar, environment, and their interactions on the grain yield, test weight and 1000 kernel weight of winter triticale, and (2) the correlations between these traits in different environments. Based on the grain results during a three-year investigation with two cultivars, it can be concluded that the grain yield of triticale significantly varied across years, from 4.251 t/ha in 2010/11 to 5.791 t/ha in 2012/13 in the study. The investigated period clearly indicates that highly significant effect of year was found on grain yield, test weight and 1000 kernel weight. Furthermore, test weight was highly significant regarding the interaction of the year and cultivar and significant for 1000 kernel weight. Environmental conditions have had a significant effect on grain yield and quality in triticale. Grain yield shows a tendency to increase in the years having a higher total amount and better distribution of rainfall during critical plant development stages., Ciljevi ove studije bili su istražiti: (1) uticaje sorte, životne sredine i njihove interakcije na prinos zrna, hektolitarsku masu i masu 1000 zrna kod ozimog tritikalea i (2) povezanost tih osobina u različitim vegetacionim sezonama. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, tokom trogodišnjeg istraživanja dve sorte tritikalea, može se zaključiti da je prinos zrna tokom godina značajno varirao od 4.251 t/ha u 2010/11 do 5.791 t/ha u 2012/13. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen je izuzetno značajan uticaj godine na prinos zrna, masu 1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu. Štaviše, hektolitarska masa bila je vrlo značajna i značajna za masu 1000 zrna kod interakcije godina x sorta. Uslovi životne sredine su imali značajan uticaj na prinos zrna i kvalitet tritikalea. Prinos zrna pokazuje tendenciju rasta u godinama koje imaju veću ukupnu količinu i bolju raspodelu padavina tokom kritičnih faza razvoja biljaka.

The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effects of fertilization, environment, and their interactions on the thousand grain weight (TGW), hectolitre weight (HW) and grain yield (GY) of winter triticale, and (2) the correlations between these traits in different environments. The invariable nitrogen (80 kg N ha(-1)), potassium (60 kg K2O ha(-1)) and two phosphorus (60 and 100 kg P(2)O(5)ha(-1)) doses were used in Kragujevac location in central Serbia. Nitrogen was applied individually and in combination with two phosphorus rates and one rate of potassium fertilizer. Eight fertilization treatment controls and N-80, P-60, P-100, N80P60K60, N80P100K60, N(80)P(60)and N(80)P(100)were examined during three growing seasons. The yield and quality of triticale significantly varied across years and treatments. The average yield of all treatments in the 2015 growing season was significantly greater than in the previous years (3.597 t ha(-1)). Combined usage of NPK fertilizer (80 kg N ha(-1), 100 kg P(2)O(5)ha(-1)and 60 kg K2O ha(-1)) represented the excellent base for optimum supply of major nutrients, resulting in maximum GY (4.0 t ha(-1)). Negative and significant correlation was found between grain GY and TGW (-0.392*) in 2015, and positive highly significant correlation were in 2013 (0.648*) and 2014 (0.493*). The positive effect over complete application of fertilizer is the result of a lower pH value of the soil, as well as the low content of available phosphorus and potassium in Vertisol soil type. Optimizing fertilization for maximum profitability is of great importance in the future triticale production in Pannonian Environments.

In order to determine the effect of fertilization, environment, and their interactions on the yield and oats yield components. Five fertilization treatments (T1-control, T2-80 kg N ha(-1), T3-120 kg N ha(-1), 80 kg P2O5 ha(-1) and 80 kg K2O ha(-1), T4-N120P80K80 + 5 t ha(-1) of lime and T5-N120P80K80 + 5 t ha(-1) of lime + 30 t ha(-1) of farmyard manure) were examined during three growing seasons in Kraljevo location in Western Serbia. Grain yield (GY), 1000 grain weight (TGW), hectolitre weight (HW), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), number of grains per panicle (NGP) and protein content (PC) were analysed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of organic and mineral fertilization and calcification on the yield and oats yield components. On average, for all fertilizer variants, during the three-year trial, the highest yield of oats 3802 kg ha(-1) was obtained in the fertilizer variant with the combined application of NPK fertilizers, lime and manure. Positive highly significant correlation, during in the study trial were found between yields with PH, PL and NGP. Negative and highly significant dependencies were found between protein content with GY, PH and NGP. The results of these studies indicate the importance of rational introduction of adequate quantities of fertilization, calcification and humization in order to make oats as profitable as possible in the agro-ecological conditions in Pannonian Environments.

This paper presents research of production possibilities of miscanthus (Mischantus × giganteus Greef et Deu) in agroecological conditions of Serbia. For that purpose, an experiment was set up in Srem on the site of Podunavlje village of Surduk. The soil on which the plantation was established in 2012 belongs to the type of carbonate chernozem on a loess plateau, at an altitude of 150 m. Stalk height in the panicle stage and yield of dry miscanthus stalks during five years, from 2015 to 2019, as well as the content of cellulose in dry stalks depending on agroecological conditions and variants of fertilization without top dressing and with spring top dressing of 30 kg ha1 of nitrogen fertilizer, were analysed. The highest recorded yield of dry stalks was in 2019 (34.525 kg ha1 ), and the lowest recorded yield was in the dry year of 2017 (17.980 kg ha1 ), both in the variant with top-dressing.

Soil fertility is a combination of mineral and biological properties of soil and the circulation of plant nutrients in the soil-plant system is constantly happening within it. In order for the root system to develop and function normally, it is necessary that there is enough oxygen in the soil. Only well-drained soils provide enough oxygen and good activity of microorganisms. Since most of the operations, from sowing to harvest, are performed with the help of heavy mechanization, soil compaction occurs and its structure deteriorates. Within compacted soil, there is a weaker development of the root system, weaker microbiological activity, slowing down the absorption of water and nutrients, thus slowing down the growth of plants. Growing plants on such soils result in reduced yields and increased production costs. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of manure and mineral fertilizers on soil compaction and maize yield. The experiment was performed on the territory of the municipality of Leskovac on smonica soil type. The experiment included four variants of fertilization with organic and mineral fertilizers. Compaction was measured after sowing and after maize harvest, by penetrologger Eijkelkamp hardware version 6.0, software version 6.03. The application of manure in combination with mineral fertilizers significantly reduced soil compaction. The greatest compaction was recorded at a depth of 40-50 cm, after which it stagnated and slightly decreased to a depth of 80 cm. The average compaction measured after harvest was 24.10% higher than that measured after sowing. The soil moisture content was higher on plots with manure and mineral fertilizers than on nonfertilized plots. Maize yield was significantly higher in variants where manure was used together with mineral fertilizers compared to variants with the only use of mineral fertilizers and variants without fertilizers. Variants with the lowest soil compaction achieved the highest yields. The recommenda

The aim of this study was to determine the influence foliar application of the microbiological preparation (EM Aktiv) with a mixture of different groups of microorganisms (on different genotypes of wheat in sustainable agricultural production on the weight of 1000 grains and grain yield.) The research was conducted in the period 2016/2017-2018/2019 (factor A) in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia, which includes four varieties of wheat (factor B). Factor C three variants of nitrogen are provided for wheat nutrition: 129, 106 and 83 kgˑha-1. During the vegetation, applications were performed with the microbiological preparation "EM Aktiv": F0 129 kgˑha-1 without EM, F1 129 kgˑha-1 + 1 x EM; F2 106 kgˑha-1 + 2 x EM; F3 83 kgˑha-1 + 3 x EM. At the end of the growing season, the weight of 1000 grains and the grain yield were measured. Factors A and B had an effect on the increase of the tested traits p<0.01. The highest values were recorded in 2018/2019. Factor C affected an increase in the weight of 1000 grains from 0.14% (F3) to 1.91% (F1). The differences in grain yield were significantly influenced by treatments (C) (p<0.05). The increase was from 1.91 % (F3) to 4.76 % (F1).

Management is the process of planning, organizing, motivating (leadership, leadership) and control in the direction of achieving certain company goals: preventive control - before work, current control - during work and subsequent control - after work. The basic economic principles are: productivity, economy and profitability. Effectiveness is a prerequisite for the successful operation of any organization, because it involves choosing the right goals. By applying management, sowing the most productive genotypes and respecting all aspects of cultivation technology, profitable sunflower production will be achieved. The aim of the study was to evaluate the production and management of sunflower in the five-year period. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the important raw material used to produce oil in the world and Serbia.Production parameters were analysed: grain yield, area and total production. The results of the research showed that the growth trend of sunflower areas is evident. The largest areas under sunflowers, in the world and Serbia were in 2020 (27,874,284 ha; 221,149 ha) while the highest yields were achieved in 2019 (2.04 t ha-1; 3.32 t ha-1). The trend of growth of areas in the world and Serbia under these crop in the coming period is predicted. Achieved yields in 2019 of 3.32 t ha-1 indicate that Serbia, in addition to excellent soil and agro-ecological conditions, also has excellent domestic high-yielding and stable genotypes, where the top NS assortment of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops from Novi Sad dominates.

Secale cereale L. is second important bread grain, after wheat, and an economically important crop for functional food. Rye production parameters in world and in Serbia were analysed in this study and quality parameters. The average rye area (4.28 mill. ha) and production (12.12 mil.t) in world, in the five- year period, recorded a growth trend and average grain yield was 3.01 t ha-1. In 2020 in the Republic of Serbia, the average grain yield of rye was 3,23 t ha-1. Rye is considered a healthy cereal due to its high content of dietary fiber and is a rich source of vitamins B and E, minerals: Ca, Fe, F, P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu, K, which is why it is a suitable raw material for the production of functional food. Rye foods have beneficial effects on insulin, which may have positive implications for diabetes prevention. Development of innovative and tasty rye products is crucial in increasing awareness, consumption of rye foods and thus production

This paper presents research of production possibilities of miscanthus (Mischantus × giganteus Greef et Deu) in agroecological conditions of Serbia. For that purpose, an experiment was set up in Srem on the site of Podunavlje village of Surduk. The soil on which the plantation was established in 2012 belongs to the type of carbonate chernozem on a loess plateau, at an altitude of 150 m. Stalk height in the panicle stage and yield of dry miscanthus stalks during five years, from 2015 to 2019, as well as the content of cellulose in dry stalks depending on agroecological conditions and variants of fertilization without top dressing and with spring top dressing of 30 kg ha1 of nitrogen fertilizer, were analysed. The highest recorded yield of dry stalks was in 2019 (34.525 kg ha1), and the lowest recorded yield was in the dry year of 2017 (17.980 kg ha1), both in the variant with top-dressing.

There are three "golden" oilseeds in the world: soybeans, sunflowers and oil flax. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an economically important oilseed because seed of flax has an excellent nutritional composition, has a high oil content (40-50%), protein (19-25%), sugar (22-35%) and mineral salts (2-3%). It is also rich in omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins (A, D, E, K, B1,2,3,6,9), minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, F, Se) and lignans, which is of great importance in medicine, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine the productivity of the variety NS Primus, grown in Novi Sad, on chernozem soil, in the production year 2020. Previous crop was winter wheat. Sowing was done in early March with a sowing rate of 60 kg ha-1. Optimal crop care measures were applied during the vegetation period. The harvest was done in the technological maturity of the crop, on September 15, 2020. The variety “NS Primus” has created excellent performance, the grain yield was 2210 kg ha-1, while the oil yield was 750 kg ha-1. Based on the above, we conclude that the sowing of oil flax “NS Primus” achieves economically justified production.

U radu su prikazana istraživanja proizvodnih mogućnosti miskantusa u agroekološkim uslovima istočnog Srema, na lokalitetu sela Surduk. Urađene su analize za visinu stabla, broj izdanaka u bokoru i prinos suvih stabala u petogodišnjem ogledu, od 2015. do 2019. godine, u zavisnosti od agroekoloških uslova i varijanti đubrenja bez prihranjivanja i uz prolećnu prihranu od 30 kg ha., The paper presents research into the production possibilities of miscanthus in the agro-ecological conditions of eastern Srem, at the location of the village of Surduk. The height of the stalks, the number of shoots in the cheerleader and the yield of dry trees were analyzed in a five-year trial from 2015 to 2019, depending on agroecological conditions and fertilization variants without top dressing and with spring top dressing of 30 kg ha.

U radu je ispitano 20 genotipova ozimog dvoredog ječma u dvogodišnjem periodu (2008/09 i 2009/10) na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje i Zaječar). Analiziran je prinos zrna i dve komponente prinosa: broj zrna po klasu i masa 1000 zrna. Primenom mešovitog modela utvrđena je visoka značajnost (p<0,01) efekta genotipa i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine, dok je efekat sredine statistički značajan (p<0,05). Interakcija je analizirana primenom AMMI-1 modela. Na osnovu biplota izdvojeni su široko adaptabilni genotipovi koji imaju stabilnost i iznad prosečne vrednosti ispitivane osobine. Širokom adaptabilnošću za prinos zrna isticao se genotip J-176, a za broj zrna po klasu genotip NS-595. Genotip NS-565 bio je superioran u masi 1000 zrna. Na osnovu razlike u interakcijskom efektu sredina i njihovoj stabilnosti izdvojeni su i lokaliteti pogodni za ispitivanje osobina. Ni jedan lokalitet nije se izdvojio kao pogodan za ispitivanje prinosa i broja zrna po klasu dok je Zaječar bio pogodan za ispitivanje mase 1000 zrna., In the paper, 20 genotypes of winter two-row barley were examined in a two-year period (2008/09 and 2009/10) at three localities (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje and Zajecar). Grain yield and the two yield components were analyzed: the number of grains per spike and the weight of 1000 grains. Using the mixed model, the high significance (p<0,01) of the genotype effect and the interaction between the genotype and the environment was determined, while the effect of the environment is statistically significant (p<0,05). The interaction was analyzed using the AMMI-1 model. On the basis of the biplot, wide adaptability genotypes with stable and high average values of the examined trait were separeted. Genotype J-176 had wide adaptability for grain yield and genotype NS- 595 stood out for the number of grains per spike. Genotype NS-565 was superior in weight of 1000 grains. On the basis of the difference in the interaction effect of the environments and their stable, suitable localities were also selected for testing the characteristics. Not a single location stood out as suitable for testing the grain yield and number of grains per spike, while Zaječar was suitable for testing the mass of 1000 grains.

Secale cereale L. is second important bread grain, after wheat, and an economically important crop for functional food. Rye production parameters in world and in Serbia were analysed in this study and quality parameters. The average rye area (4.28 mill. ha) and production (12.12 mil.t) in world, in the five- year period, recorded a growth trend and average grain yield was 3.01 t ha-1. In 2020 in the Republic of Serbia, the average grain yield of rye was 3,23 t ha-1. Rye is considered a healthy cereal due to its high content of dietary fiber and is a rich source of vitamins B and E, minerals: Ca, Fe, F, P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu, K, which is why it is a suitable raw material for the production of functional food. Rye foods have beneficial effects on insulin, which may have positive implications for diabetes prevention. Development of innovative and tasty rye products is crucial in increasing awareness, consumption of rye foods and thus production

The experiment was established at the experimental field of the Small Grains Research Centre in Kragujevac (Serbia) during the two growing seasons. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of genotype and the environment on the grain yield of winter wheat cultivars (Takovčanka, Kruna, Planeta and Vizija). The following characteristics were analysed: grain yield, 1000 grain weight and test weight. The average grain yield of all cultivars in the 2010/11 growing season was significantly greater than in the 2009/10 year, mostly as the result of highly favourable weather conditions at major stages of plant development. Takovčanka and Kruna gave significantly higher grain yields in all years compared to Planeta. Averaged across years, significantly higher values for 1.000 grain weight were found in Planeta and test weight was found in Takovčanka. Different responses of cultivars to variable agroenvironmental conditions in terms of grain yield and 1.000 grain weight and test weight require the use of a number of cultivars in the crop structure.

Tests were carried out on stationary field trial, soil type vertisol in the process of degradation. The land on which the view is derived is characterized by low pH (pH lt 5.0). The Dose of nitrogen was 120 kg N/ha, which was administered in combination with phosphorous and potassium fertilizer. The tests showed a significant grain yield. Nitrogen had a most significant impact on the yield of wheat. The average grain yield of all treatments in the 2008/09 growing season was significantly greater than in the following years, mostly as the result of highly favourable weather conditions at major stages of plant development. The average highest yield was achieved in the variant N120P100K60 (5.528 t/ha), although the high yield of more than 5 t/ha was obtained and the triple treatments NPK where nitrogen is applied in the maximum amount of 120 kg/ha, 60 kg/ha P2O5 and 60 kg/ha K2O as well as variants NP in a quantity of 100 kg/ha P2O5 and 60 kg/ha K2O. Also, the 1000-grain weight was highest in balanced fertilization with all nutrients NPK (40 g), in a quantity of 120 kg N/ha, 100 kg/ha P2O5 and 60 kg/ha K2O. Averaged across years, significantly higher values for test weight were found in the control (76.91 kg/hl). Variance analysis showed statistically significant differences for grain yield and test weight between the vegetation seasons. Significant differences for 1000 grain weight between the variants of fertilization.