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Socjalizuj��cy wp��yw rodzic��w, tzw. znacz��cych innych, ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla kszta��towania jednostki, sposobu jej funkcjonowania w spo��ecze��stwie i prawid��owego wykonywania r��l spo��ecznych (Modrzewski, 2012; Szacka, 2003). Wp��yw ten jest mo��liwy dzi��ki styczno��ci wyst��puj��cej mi��dzy rodzicami a dzieckiem podczas sprawowania pieczy rodzicielskiej - opieki nad dzieckiem i wzajemnego kontaktu, kt��ry kszta��tuje obie strony relacji. W przypadku rozpadu ma����e��stwa lub zwi��zku nieformalnego i konfliktu mi��dzy rodzicami, konieczne jest w��a��ciwe uregulowanie kontakt��w dziecka z rodzicem opuszczaj��cym dom, maj��c na wzgl��dzie dobro dziecka (Fagan, Churchill 2012). Jest to mo��liwe dzi��ki zastosowaniu instytucji mediacji.

Socjalizuj��cy wp��yw rodzic��w, tzw. znacz��cych innych, ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla kszta��towania jednostki, sposobu jej funkcjonowania w spo��ecze��stwie i prawid��owego wykonywania r��l spo��ecznych (Modrzewski, 2012; Szacka, 2003). Wp��yw ten jest mo��liwy dzi��ki styczno��ci wyst��puj��cej mi��dzy rodzicami a dzieckiem podczas sprawowania pieczy rodzicielskiej - opieki nad dzieckiem i wzajemnego kontaktu, kt��ry kszta��tuje obie strony relacji. W przypadku rozpadu ma����e��stwa lub zwi��zku nieformalnego i konfliktu mi��dzy rodzicami, konieczne jest w��a��ciwe uregulowanie kontakt��w dziecka z rodzicem opuszczaj��cym dom, maj��c na wzgl��dzie dobro dziecka (Fagan, Churchill 2012). Jest to mo��liwe dzi��ki zastosowaniu instytucji mediacji.

The issue of alcohol consumption, addiction to it, and causes and effects of this phenomenon have already been explored many times. The article describes current pedagogical and legal activities taken in Poland towards people addicted to alcohol and related controversy . The authors drew attention to a number of problems concerning with alcohol addiction for an alcohol abuse person and his family. Starting from the current law on upbringing in sobriety and counteracting alcoholism because it takes up issues related to treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of people addicted to alcohol. There are institutions established on its basis and take up actions aimed at diagnosing the problem of an individual’s addiction to alcohol, leading to a ruling and requiring the person addicted to alcohol to undergo treatment. In the article the stages of treatment have been described in detail, requriments, important person for example probation officer and possible to receive treatment from non-governmental organizations that help those addicted and thus create an option for those addicted to alcohol to self-organize. The authors emphasized that the process of freeing from alcohol addiction is incredibly difficult and sometimes prolonged. Thus, the compulsory character of rehab treatment sparks a lot of controversy, as it contradicts the right to self-determination, i.e. independent decision of the person addicted to take up the treatment. There is a need to search new solutions in this respect, develop tools that increase the effectiveness of activities taken towards those addicted and exchange experiences on the global scale.

Mediation is a result of searching for new, rational alternative means of responding to crime and methods to include a wider range of the victims’ interests. The aim of mediation is the settlement and reconciliation between the victim and the offender. It is based on negotiations between the mediator, an impartial observer. Parties involved in the mediation process should be able to openly and honestly express their views and feelings and to proceed a voluntary, negotiated conflict-free way to redress the damage caused by the offender in the presence of a mediator. 39 169 192 11 Studia Edukacyjne

Mental illnesses, mental deficiencies and other functional disorders of psychological nature call for care in different fields. The medical conditions cause deficiencies often connected with an inability to fulfill basic needs, protect one’s rights and control one’s behaviour. This can have tangible and intangible effects. People with mental disorders often face discrimination and social exclusion, which might cause their marginalization. Nowadays multifaceted support for people with the above disorders is emphasized in the field of welfare and in accessing a profes-sional role. However, people who live with a person with a developmental disability are still often forgotten. These are spouses or life partners of disabled persons, their adult or minor children, parents, distant relatives or friends. The situation of families of people with a devel-opmental disability and their individual members is often very difficult and requires a thor-ough diagnosis to provide competent support. Depending on the kind of illness or disorders and their etiology, the degree of mental deficiency of a family member, one’s age or significance and role in the family, work with the family can vary. The support can have a tangible or intangible character. It can be the social work with the family and professional psychological or legal counseling. This help is granted by social welfare bodies. Of prime significance are the educa-tion of the family, support in understanding the problem which they are experiencing and providing the necessary competence to offer help to the disabled person.

The authors describe the multiplicity of tasks performed by the Polish state and nongovernmental organizations for the sake of persons released from prison. A return to society after serving a prison sentence is a challenge for both a former convict and society. The period after leaving a prison is very important and difficult because it influences the person’s future life. There are many and varied factors influencing the process of social re-adaptation of prisoners. The preparation for the social reintegration of a prisoner begins already in a penitentiary institution and should be continued after a person is released. The Polish state and non-governmental organizations provide assistance and these actions should instil in an individual the need to perform legitimate social roles.