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Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate eight tree leaves based on polyphenolic content and rumen in vitro incubation and gas production technique (RIVIGPT) for their nutritive potentiality., Materials and Methods: Eight selected tree leaves, namely Sesbania grandiflora , Melia dubia , Dillenia spp., Artocarpus heterophyllus , Commiphora caudata , Moringa oleifera , Leucaena leucocephala , and Acacia auriculiformis , were selected for proximate composition, forage fiber fractions, total phenolics (TPs), non-tannin phenols (NTPs), total tannins (TTs), condensed tannins (CTs), and hydrolysable tannins (HTs); RIVIGP with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG); and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (modified in vitro two stage) analysis was conducted. On the basis of RIVIGPT, the in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated., Results: Crude protein (CP) content of tree leaves ranged from 9.59 to 25.81%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 28.16 to 53.33%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 21.26 to 41.7%, acid detergent lignin (ADL) 3.62 to 21.98%, TP 1.83 to 17.35%, TT 0.40 to 15.47%, and CTs 0.02 to 15.26%. IVDMD (%) was ranged from 64.95 to 88.12. The mean metabolizable energy (ME) (MJ/Kg) of tree leaves estimated with and without PEG was 7.75±0.56 and 8.75±0.39, in vitro gas production at 24 h (IVGP 24 ) (ml) 31.06±4.14 and 37.09±2.64, initial gas production (a) (ml) 0.49±0.63 and 1.33±0.72, potential gas production (D) (ml) 38.74±4.27 and 43.79±2.44, rate of gas production ( k) (h -1 ) 0.11±0.02 and 0.11±0.013, t 1/2 (ml) 9.81±2.41 and 7.42±0.80, in vitro gas production at 96 h IVGP 96 (ml) 39.50±4.430 and 45.14±2.65, the predicted IVDOM (%) 55.44±4.15 and 61.98±3.03, and DMI (g/Kg W 0.75 ) 103.1±14.76 and 104.3±10.16, respectively. The addition of PEG showed an improvement in IVGP 24 , IVGP 96 , ME, predicted IVDOM, and predicted DMI. CP was positively correlated with ME, IVGP 24 , IVGP 96 , a+b , k (r=0.749, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM, and DMI (r=0.838, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with a and t 1/2 . NDF, ADF, and ADL contents were negatively correlated with ME (r=0.899, p<0.05), IVGP 24 (r=-0.867, p<0.05), IVGP 96 (r=-0.858, p<0.05), a+b (p<0.05), k (r=-0.828, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM (r=-0.853, p<0.05), and DMI and positively correlated with a and t 1/2 . TP, TT, and CT were negatively correlated with ME, IVGP, IVGP 96 , a+b , k , IVDMD, IVDOM, and DMI and positively correlated with a (r=0.808, p<0.05) and t 1/2 . ME (MJ/Kg) was positively correlated with IVGP 24 (r=0.938, p<0.05), IVGP 96 (r=0.875, p<0.05), a+b (r=0.813, p<0.05), k (r=0.731, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM (r=0.985, p<0.05), and DMI (r=0.727, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with a and t 1/2 ., Conclusion: In the present study, the potentiality of tree leaves was assessed based on CP, ADF, ADL, TP, CT, IVGP, ME, IVDMD, predicted IVDOM, and predicted DMI. Based on this, it can be concluded that S. grandiflora, M. dubia, M. Oleifera , and L. leucocephala were graded as best; A. heterophyllus and C. caudata as moderate; and Dillenia spp. and A. auriculiformis as lowest potential ruminant feed.

Background Aims: The success of islet transplantation for diabetes depends on the availability of an adequate number of allogeneic or autologous islets. Postnatal stem cells are now considered for the generation of physiologically competent, insulin-producing cells. Our group showed earlier that it is possible to generate functional islets from human dental pulp stem cells by using a serum-free cocktail in a three-step protocol., Methods: We compared the yield of generated islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) from stem cells from pulps of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp stem cells from permanent teeth (DPSCs). ICCs derived from SHED were packed in immuno-isolatory biocompatible macro-capsules and transplanted into streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Non-diabetic and diabetic controls were transplanted with macro-capsules with or without islets., Results: SHED were superior to DPSCs. STZ diabetic mice alone and mice transplanted with empty macro-capsules exhibited hyperglycemia throughout the experiment, whereas mice transplanted with macro-capsules containing ICCs were restored to normoglycemia within 3-4 weeks, which persisted for >60 days., Conclusions: Our results demonstrate for the first time that ICCs derived from SHED reverse STZ diabetes in mice without immunosuppression and offer an autologous and non-controversial source of human tissue that could be used for stem cell therapy in diabetes., (Copyright © 2013 International Society for Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)