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Combined discrete wavelet transform-fan beam transform (DWT-FBT) has been explored as a new possible domain for colour image watermarking. The two schemes proposed in the combined domain are (i) wavelet fan beam watermarking on luminance and chrominance and (ii) wavelet fan beam watermarking on chrominance alone. After the application of DWT on the host image and after careful selection of the suitable band of wavelet coefficients for applying FBT, watermarking is done by altering the fan beam transformed coefficients. The schemes proposed achieve a high data embedding capacity in addition to robustness to attacks and produce watermarked images of high quality. Results of the proposed schemes are compared with the two existing DWT-discrete cosine transform watermarking schemes to show its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determined the relative mechanical strength of the Indian subcontinent by a robust coherence method based on multitaper spectral analysis on overlapping windows of equal size. Representing the elastic properties of the lithosphere by a transitional coherence wavelength, we bypass the need to input rheological variables such as Young''s modulus or Poisson''s ratio, which have been shown to vary on other continents. We compare our measurements in terms of age and find that regions underlain by Proterozoic basement are on average stronger than regions of Archaean age. This is in stark contrast to the common assumption that mechanical strength should increase progressively with time. This suggests they are indeed mechanically distinct, and that the transitional coherence wavelength adequately captures this distinction between regions of relative strength difference. Conversions of these values to absolute effective elastic thickness show a greater overlap, which is due to the many strong assumptions required in obtaining such absolute values and argues against their usage as a robust and well-constrained property of the elastic lithosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Bouguer anomaly map of the Godavari basin has delineated several transverse and median ridges that have divided this basin into several sub-basins. Modelling of a gravity profile in the central part of the basin suggests 5.0 km of Gondwana sediments and high density rocks along the shoulders which may represent upthrusted lower crustal rocks related to the Eastern Ghats orogeny. The total intensity magnetic map of the coastal part of the Godavari basin shows a well-defined magnetic anomaly of approximately 200 nT along the coast which coincides with the Kaza basement ridge. The modelling of this magnetic anomaly indicates 2–2.5 km of sediments over the Kaza ridge and 5.5–6 km thick sediments in the depressions towards the west of this ridge which are constrained from the basement configuration based on seismic sections in the surrounding region. The Kaza ridge, with a susceptibility of 10−4 SI units, appears to be composed of basic rocks which may be part of the exposed Eastern Ghats towards the west. This magnetic map also shows several high amplitude short wavelength anomalies which are caused by sub-surface basic rocks. These basic rocks are related to the Rajahmundry trap, equivalent to the Deccan traps of late Cretaceous age, and are exposed nearby by. Modelling of the magnetic anomaly across the continental shelf, off the coast of the Godavari basin, suggests an almost 45° inclined contact away from shore at a depth of 2.5 km and having a thickness of 3.5 km. However, this magnetic anomaly could be matched only with a remanent magnetization with declination 310° and inclination −67° which corresponds to the direction of magnetization reported for the Rajmahal traps. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Bouguer anomaly map of the Godavari basin has delineated several transverse and median ridges that have divided this basin into several sub-basins. Modelling of a gravity profile in the central part of the basin suggests 5.0 km of Gondwana sediments and high density rocks along the shoulders which may represent upthrusted lower crustal rocks related to the Eastern Ghats orogeny. The total intensity magnetic map of the coastal part of the Godavari basin shows a well-defined magnetic anomaly of approximately 200 nT along the coast which coincides with the Kaza basement ridge. The modelling of this magnetic anomaly indicates 2–2.5 km of sediments over the Kaza ridge and 5.5–6 km thick sediments in the depressions towards the west of this ridge which are constrained from the basement configuration based on seismic sections in the surrounding region. The Kaza ridge, with a susceptibility of 10−4 SI units, appears to be composed of basic rocks which may be part of the exposed Eastern Ghats towards the west. This magnetic map also shows several high amplitude short wavelength anomalies which are caused by sub-surface basic rocks. These basic rocks are related to the Rajahmundry trap, equivalent to the Deccan traps of late Cretaceous age, and are exposed nearby by. Modelling of the magnetic anomaly across the continental shelf, off the coast of the Godavari basin, suggests an almost 45° inclined contact away from shore at a depth of 2.5 km and having a thickness of 3.5 km. However, this magnetic anomaly could be matched only with a remanent magnetization with declination 310° and inclination −67° which corresponds to the direction of magnetization reported for the Rajmahal traps. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper proposes a hybrid fuzzy-Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for power allocation in bidirectional Light Fidelity (LiFi)-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems. The approach integrates fuzzy logic and PSO to achieve efficient and robust power allocation, considering energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The hybrid approach leverages flexibility of fuzzy logic to handle uncertainties and variations in system parameters, such as channel conditions and QoS requirements. Fuzzy sets and membership functions are defined to represent linguistic variables, and fuzzy rules are formulated based on expert knowledge and system-specific considerations. This allows the approach to adaptively adjust power allocation based on varying channel conditions and QoS requirements, enhancing the robustness of the power allocation strategy. The PSO algorithm is employed for iterative optimization to explore for ideal power allocation solution. The particles in swarm signify possible power allocation configuration, and its position in the search space corresponds to a specific power allocation. The particles update their positions based on local best-known positions and globally best-known positions, allowing the swarm to converge toward the optimal solution. Through extensive simulations and analysis, the proposed hybrid fuzzy-PSO approach is evaluated with regard to energy efficiency and QoS satisfaction. The results demonstrate its effectiveness in achieving energy-efficient power allocation while meeting diverse QoS requirements. The proposed approach outperforms existing methods such as channel- and Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA)-based power allocation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]