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Regenerative medicine holds promise to cure radiation-induced salivary hypofunction, a chronic side effect in patients with head and neck cancers, therefore reliable preclinical models for salivary regenerative outcome will promote progress towards therapies. In this study, our objective was to develop a cone beam computed tomography-guided precision ionizing radiation-induced preclinical model of chronic hyposalivation using immunodeficient NSGSGM3 mice. Using a Schirmer's test based sialagogue-stimulated saliva flow kinetic measurement method, we demonstrated significant differences in hyposalivation specific to age, sex, precision-radiation dose over a chronic (6 months) timeline. NSG-SMG3 mice tolerated doses from 2.5 Gy up to 7.5 Gy. Interestingly, 5-7.5 Gy had similar effects on stimulated-saliva flow (∼50% reduction in young female at 6 months after precision irradiation over sham-treated controls), however,5 Gy led to chronic alopecia. Different groups demonstrated characteristic saliva fluctuations early on, but after 5 months all groups nearly stabilized stimulated-saliva flow with low-inter-mouse variation within each group. Further characterization revealed precision-radiation-induced glandular shrinkage, hypocellularization, gland-specific loss of functional acinar and glandular cells in all major salivary glands replicating features of human salivary hypofunction. This model will aid investigation of human cell-based salivary regenerative therapies.

Here, we report the room temperature (35 °C) NH

International audience; The present study focuses on understanding the structural dependence of sulfur (as SO3) solubility in Na2O–B2O3–SiO2 glasses over a broad composition space exhibiting a rich variety of structural associations. The focus is on probing the impact of the (1) structural role of Na+, (2) degree of polymerization, and (3) network former connectivity (formation of Si–O–B and B–O–B linkages) on sulfur solubility in borosilicate glasses. By employing a suite of state-of-the-art characterization techniques, including inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, an inverse correlation has been established between the sulfur solubility and the degree of network polymerization in the glasses across the investigated composition space. While the modification of SO3 leading to the formation of SO42– can successfully compete with the network depolymerization mechanisms (i.e., creation of nonbridging oxygens) and induce repolymerization in the glass network, the BO3 → BO4 conversion facilitated by the charge compensation by alkali cations takes precedence. The results from this study, when extended to more complex borosilicate-based glass compositions, will not only add to our understanding of the fundamental science controlling the sulfur solubility in borosilicate-based real-world nuclear waste glasses but will also form a basis for the development of nonempirical quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR)-based predictive models.

Biotic and abiotic stresses are the major constraint to limit the production of crops in agriculture. Biotic stress includes attack of insect, pest, bacteria, virus and fungus while extreme and low temperature, drought, flood, salinity and heavy metal stress are the major cause of abiotic stress. The reduction in the performance of plant growth was started from the negative effect of chlorophyll synthesis or degradation under wide range of environmental stress. The generation of harmful free radicles or reactive oxygen species (ROS) like O2, H2O2 and OH. Salicylic acid (SA) improves plant growth and development by improving rate of photosynthesis by protecting the damage of chloroplast, protein and DNA against the wide range of environmental stress including both biotic and abiotic stress. Application of SA also accelerate the production of osmolyte like proline and antioxidant enzymes like CAT, POD, SOD that help to scavenge free radicles safely from the cell.

The NHS is the largest employer in the United Kingdom, the largest employer in Europe and the fifth largest employer in the World employing over 1.7 million people. Great Ormond Street Hospital employs over 4200 of these individuals. Many teams and Industries support their teams by debriefing following significant negative events and indeed some teams debrief all events. Healthcare teams are unique when compared to teams in other industries. Health Care teams differ in Gender, age, culture, ethnicity, cognitive ability, experience and training and specialty. The spectrum of a healthcare team may range from student nurse to professor all working with a common same focus –’the Patient’. Health care teams are Heterogeneous unlike the Homogenous nature of teams such as the Military or Aerospace which are for example, predominantly male , similar backgrounds and similar ages. PEERS recognises and responds to needs diverse of individuals and teams that make up our healthcare system. The aim of PEERS meetings is to provide support for colleagues, assisting them to explore and make sense of and process common reactions to potentially stressful events. The PEERS approach seeks, nurture resilience, vulnerability and wellbeing through supported reflection by creating a safe space where individuals can speak openly and honestly, and be heard without bias, judgment or threat. The fundamental objective is to foster, support and encourage, personal growth, wellbeing and to encourage ‘help-seeking’ behaviour, if needed. PEERS Participants should feel safe enough to share their experiences, actions and reactions in open forum, their attendance and participation is never mandated, Participants are never compelled or required to share before they are ready.

Chronic salivary hypofunction and xerostomia are common side effects of radiation therapy which is an essential component in the curative management in patients with head & neck cancers. Over the years, improvements in delivery techniques such as image-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy have led to improvement in cancer management but chronic hyposalivation continues to be a challenge that causes long-term health implications resulting in compromised quality of life. Recent advances in salivary stem cell research promise new frontier in the treatment of radiation-induced hyposalivation by initiating regeneration of radiation-damaged salivary parenchymal cells. Lack of a standard preclinical immunodeficient model to assess radiation-induced changes objectively and quantitatively in salivary flow rates will impede rapid progress towards the development of cellular therapies for chronic salivary dysfunction and attendant xerostomia. Herein, we report the first fully characterized novel cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided precision ionizing radiation (IR) induced chronic hyposalivation model in radiosensitive, immunodeficient transgenic NSG-SGM3 mice expressing three human cytokines including c-KIT ligand/stem cell factor. Additionally, we also report a novel and instantaneous method to objectively assess the kinetics of pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flowrate. Comprehensive structural and functional characterization of salivary glands revealed previously unknown and highly complex gender, age, IR dose and salivary gland subtype-specific effects of salivary-ablative precision IR.

WS2 nanostructures prepared by using low cost probe sonication technique were used for making sensor device. Structural analysis revealed the layered and crystalline structure together with the presence of strain in these nanostructures. Raman spectra displayed the first order Raman modes E12g and A1g along with longitudinal acoustical (LA) mode. Further, sensing measurements on device made from these nanostructures indicate that sensor exhibited fast and fully reversible response kinetics for NH3 gas at 80°C. The response of sensor was found to increase monotonically with increase in NH3 concentration. The NH3 sensing mechanism of nanoflakes was explored by using Raman spectroscopy which revealed that upon exposure to NH3 molecules the Raman modes become stiffer indicating strong electron-phonon interactions in these materials. These results indicate the potential use of these nanostructures in sensing devices.

In recent years, environment monitoring is one of the prerequisites for the welfare of human beings. Environment monitoring leads to the development of sensors that can detect the presence of harmful/toxic gases and vapours. For the detection of poisonous gases, various studies have been reported over the last few years using nanostructured thin films based on various semiconducting oxides, conducting polymers and organic molecules. Among different organic materials, metallo-phthalocyanines (MPcs) based materials are regarded as excellent sensing material, as their electrical conductivity significantly changes on interaction with oxidizing/reducing gases. Sometimes small response characteristics of these sensors at room temperature become a limitation and can be overcome by exploring long-range molecular nanostructure with high surface/volume ratio. In this chapter, we have systematically discussed the development of cost-effective, highly sensitive and reproducible phthalocyanine-based room-temperature chemiresistive sensors capable of detecting harmful/toxic gases up to ppb levels. The primary emphasis will be laid on the formation of different phthalocyanine-based nanostructures, including nanowires, nanoflowers and nanobelts for sensing applications.

Hybrids of hexadecafluorinated copper phthalocyanine (F 16 CuPc) with carboxylic functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-COOH) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) have been synthesized using a solution assembly method. The resulting hybrid materials have been characterized by Transmission electron microscopy, Raman, UV–vis, X-Ray photoelectron, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic techniques and finally studied for gas sensing application. Cl 2 selective chemiresistive gas sensors have been fabricated using these hybrids with detection limit up to 0.27 ppb. The main characteristics of these sensors are their excellent baseline recovery and reversibility upon repeated exposure to Cl 2 . F 16 CuPc/SWCNTs-COOH based sensors showed a gas response as large as 35.82% with a fast response time of 9 s towards 2 ppm of Cl 2. A plausible gas sensing mechanism for charge transfer in hybrids on interacting with Cl 2 has been proposed on basis of X-ray photoelectron and impedance spectroscopic studies. These outcomes clearly indicate the great potential of the low cost solution assembly approach for sensor device.

Necrotizing pneumonia can lead to respiratory insufficiency in previously healthy children. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be used for hemodynamic salvage and subsequent lung rest awaiting recovery. We present a case of a child initially placed on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and converted to veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This was done under deep hypothermia in the operating theater.

We have fabricated a flexible chemiresistive sensor by depositing solution processed substituted copper phthalocyanine nanowires onto the flexible PET substrate. It has been demonstrated that the sensor was highly sensitive and selective towards Cl2 at room temperature (300K) with a minimum detection limit as low as 5 ppb of Cl2. Interestingly, the sensor exhibited enhanced and faster response kinetics under bend conditions. The gas sensing mechanism of sensor has been discussed on the basis of XPS and Raman spectroscopic studies which revealed that copper ions were the preferred sites for Cl2 interactions.

We have fabricated highly sensitive and Cl2 selective flexible sensor by depositing solution processed zinc phthalocyanine nanowires onto the flexible PET substrate and studied its Cl2 sensing characteristics in Cl2 concentration range 5-1500 ppb. The flexible sensor has a minimum detection limit as low as 5 ppb of Cl2 and response as high as 550% within 10 seconds. Interestingly, the sensor exhibited enhanced and faster response kinetics under bending conditions. The gas sensing mechanism of sensor has been discussed on the basis of XPS and Raman spectroscopic studies which revealed that zinc ions were the preferred sites for Cl2 interactions.

While tobacco and alcohol related oral cancer is showing a decreasing trend in most of the developed countries, this is not the case with South Asian and South-East Asian countries including Vietnam, where the incidence of oral cancer is increasing. The usage of tobacco, alcohol and betel nut products, all well established oral cancer risk factors, is prevalent in Vietnam; however, there is a lack of information in literature regarding the incidence of oral cancer in Vietnam and the associated types and forms of associated risk factors. In this paper, we provide an overview of oral cancer and precancer incidence with description of oral cancer related habits practiced in the Vietnamese population. We also describe the cultural aspects of these habits as well as the implementation of new tobacco regulations by Vietnam government.

Nanowires of Cu(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (CuPcOC4) have been fabricated onto the glass substrate by using low cost self-assembly technique. It has been demonstrated that these nanowires were highly sensitive and selective towards Cl2 at room temperature with minimum detection limit of 5 ppb. The response of nanowires was found to increase linearly (91–670%) with increase in Cl2 concentration (5–1500 ppb). The adsorption of Cl2 on nanowires surface has followed Elovich equation. Raman spectroscopic and XPS studies revealed that central metal ions of CuPcOC4 molecules were the predominant sites of Cl2 absorption. The results emphasized that these nanowires can be promising candidates for room temperature Cl2 sensing applications.

Background Cell lines have been developed for modeling cancer and cancer progression. The molecular background of these cell lines is often unknown to those using them to model disease behaviors. As molecular alterations are the ultimate drivers of cell phenotypes, having an understanding of the molecular make-up of these systems is critical for understanding the disease biology modeled. Methods Six immortalized normal, one immortalized dysplasia, one self-immortalized dysplasia, and two primary normal cell lines derived from oral tissues were analyzed for DNA copy number changes and changes in both mRNA and miRNA expression using SMRT-v.2 genome-wide tiling comparative genomic hybridization arrays, Agilent Whole Genome 4x44k expression arrays, and Exiqon V2.M-RT-PCR microRNA Human panels. Results DNA copy number alterations were detected in both normal and dysplastic immortalized cell lines—as well as in the single non-immortalized dysplastic cell line. These lines were found to have changes in expression of genes related to cell cycle control as well as alterations in miRNAs that are deregulated in clinical oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Immortal lines—whether normal or dysplastic—had increased disruption in expression relative to primary lines. All data are available as a public resource. Conclusions Molecular profiling experiments have identified DNA, mRNA, and miRNA alterations for a panel of normal and dysplastic oral tissue cell lines. These data are a valuable resource to those modeling diseases of the oral mucosa, and give insight into the selection of model cell lines and the interpretation of data from those lines.

Room temperature Cl2 sensing characteristics of highly selective spin coated Zn (II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (ZnPc(OBu)8) film and self-assembled nanobelts (NBs) have been studied in the concentration range of 5–1500 ppb. UV–Visible absorption spectroscopic studies indicate the formation of J-type aggregates in case of ZnPc(OBu)8 film and H-type aggregates in NBs. The electrical conductance of NBs is found to be 60% more than ZnPc(OBu)8 film. For 1500 ppb of Cl2, the response of ZnPc(OBu)8 film and NBs is 522% and 655% with a response time of 25 s and 15 s, respectively. The detection limit of ZnPc film is lowered from 50 ppb to 5 ppb by making butoxy substitution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies reveal that absorption sites predominantly are the central metal ions of ZnPc(OBu)8 molecules. The results obtained are compared with Cl2 sensing characteristics of unsubstituted ZnPc film to show the effect of butoxy substitution and NBs formation.

e15621 Background: Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. North India reports one of the highest incidences of GBC in the world. Majority of patients present with advanced disease where surgery is not possible. We report the results of patients undergoing curative intent surgery at a tertiary care University hospital in North India. Methods: Data of 270 patients undergoing curative intent surgery for GBC at the Department of Surgical Oncology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow (India) between January 2014 and December 2018 was retrospectively studied. We have analysed the collected data using descriptive and survival statistics. Results: During the period of study 270 patients were operated for GBC. Mean age of patients was 50.2 years and majority (75.2%) were females. On surgical exploration 82 (30.4%) had unresectable disease and only a biopsy or palliative procedure was done. Simple cholecystectomy was done where frozen section showed benign calculus cholecystitis in 26 (9.6%) patients. Radical cholecystectomy was performed in 162 (60%) patients. Final histopathology revealed Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in 28 (17.3%) of these 162 patients. Adjacent organ resection was done in 29 of the 134 (24.1%) patients undergoing radical cholecystectomy for pathologically proven GBC. Colon and CBD were the most common adjacent organs resected. Completion radical cholecystectomy was done in 22 patients with incidental GBC. Adjuvant chemotherapy as per our institutional protocol was given to 68 (50.7%) patients having Stage 3 or more disease. After a mean follow-up of 19 months the median disease free interval (DFI) is 38 months and the median overall survival (OS) has not been reached. Patients undergoing adjacent organ resection had an inferior median OS of 20 months compared to those without it where the median has not been reached (Log Rank P = 0.006). Conclusions: Nearly a third of GBC patients planned for curative intent surgery are found to have unresectable disease on exploration. This proportion needs to be brought down. Radical cholecystectomy in properly selected GBC patients without adjacent organ involvement gives satisfactory survival outcomes.

Oral cancer is a global health burden with significantly poor survival, especially when the diagnosis is at its late stage. Despite advances in current treatment modalities, there has been minimal improvement in survival rates over the last five decades. The development of local recurrence, regional failure, and the formation of second primary tumors accounts for this poor outcome. For survivors, cosmetic and functional compromises resulting from treatment are often devastating. These statistics underscore the need for novel approaches in the management of this deadly disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that involves administration of a light-sensitive drug, known as a photosensitizer, followed by light irradiation of an appropriate wavelength that corresponds to an absorbance band of the sensitizer. In the presence of tissue oxygen, cytotoxic free radicals that are produced cause direct tumor cell death, damage to the microvasculature, and induction of inflammatory reactions at the target sites. PDT offers a prospective new approach in controlling this disease at its various stages either as a stand-alone therapy for early lesions or as an adjuvant therapy for advanced cases. In this review, we aim to explore the applications of PDT in oral cancer therapy and to present an overview of the recent advances in PDT that can potentially reposition its utility for oral cancer treatment.

In this paper, we report the preparation and characterization of 50 nm thin film of non-peripherally substituted copper(II)1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (nCuPc(OBu)8) using spin coating technique for room temperature sensing of different primary amines namely methylamine, butylamine and octylamine, respectively. AFM studies of film reveal that film is porous, uniform and crack free. The rms roughness and average pore size of film is found to be 24 and 430 nm, respectively. The adsorption of analytes on film surface is consistent with Elovich equation. The response of the film towards different amines is related to the vapour temperature and chain length of amine molecules. The film shows better response for methylamine vapours at room temperature 25 °C.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of denture wearers. Methods: Swabs were collected from 72 denture wearers and 72 controls (non-denture wearers) to obtain DNA. Amplification of the β-globin gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction to check the integrity of extracted DNA. The presence of human papillomavirus in the DNA sample was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: The prevalence of human papillomavirus was found to be significantly higher in the oral cavity of denture wearers (38/72, 52.8%) than in the controls (17/72, 23.6%; odds ratio = 3.612, confidence interval = 1.771/7.385, P = 0.05). Low-risk human papillomavirus types were found to be more frequent in both groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of denture wearers was found to be significantly higher compared to controls; however, it was mainly low-risk types.

Osteosarcoma of the jaws is a relative rare malignant bone tumor. Like, its counterpart in the long bones, osteosarcoma affecting the head and neck region shows distinct yet diverse clinical, histologic and prognostic characteristics. Its diagnosis is a challenge to histopathologists and is especially important in early stages to improve its prognosis. In the initial phase, it may present as nondescript swelling with an indolent growth rate, only to become overtly aggressive and malignant towards the later phase of the disease. This article reports on a case of an advanced osteosarcoma of the maxilla in a 42 year old woman who came for the evaluation of a swelling. The case was submitted for surgical intervention and was followed by one recurrence till the time of reporting. This case illustrates that immunohistochemical staining of Vimentin, S-100 and CD 68 markers are useful to confirm the histologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma, along with radiographic evaluation using CT scan and 3D imaging.

1,3-Bis(1-anthracenylazomethine)benzene (IP-1AAN) compound has been synthesized and its films have been fabricated by thermal evaporation technique on to the glass substrate under different experimental conditions. The films so prepared have been studied for their structural, optical, electrical and gas-sensing properties. The comparison of infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of IP-1AAN powder and films made therefrom confirms the formation of IP-1AAN films. Scanning electron micrographs of the films indicate the formation of 45.83 nm wide nanofibers in case of film deposited at 27 °C. AFM investigations show that the RMS roughness values of films lie within a range of 1.3–13.7 nm. The current–voltage characteristics of the films show ohmic behaviour of conduction and thermal activation energy of charge carriers is found to lie in a range of 0.19–0.28 eV. Analysis of optical absorption measurements indicates that the direct interband transition energies lie in the range of 2.50–2.62 eV. The effect of substrate temperature on the gas-sensing characteristics of IP-1AAN films towards NH 3 gas at room temperature has been evaluated.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of HPV and p53 polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) affecting Malaysian population. We analysed frozen samples from 105 OSCC as well as 105 oral specimens derived from healthy individuals. PCR assays targeting two regions of the virus were used. PCR amplification for the analysis of p53 codon 72 arginine/proline alleles was carried out in a separate reaction. HPV DNA was detected in 51.4% OSCC samples, while 24.8% controls were found to be HPV positive. HPV was found to be significantly associated with OSCC (P

There is a growing appreciation of the potential value for routine screening for the presence of HPV not only for cervical specimens but also from oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to develop and clinically evaluate a single-tube seminested PCR assay for the detection of HPV. Several parameters such as PCR primers, primer annealing temperature, the number of PCR cycles and concentration of PCR components were optimized. The assay was evaluated using HPV inserts of type 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 38 and 51. Evaluation of seminested PCR assay was performed with cervical scrapings from 30 patients and buccal swabs from 30 head and neck cancer patients and results were compared with those of two-tube nested PCR. The results were found to be comparable with a total of 60% (36/60) of samples being positive for HPV using the single-tube assay, while 62% (37/60) positivity was found with two-tube PCR assay. We succeeded in developing a single-tube seminested PCR method for HPV DNA detection which is easier than the conventional nested PCR and can be further evaluated as a potential screening tool for detecting HPV in oral and cervical regions.

AIMS The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of white oral mucosal lesions among Yemeni adults; in particular, those who chew khat and tobacco. METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 1052 dental patients aged 15 years and older. A detailed oral examination was performed by a single examiner in accordance with standard international criteria. RESULTS Overall, 25.2% of the study participants presented with one or more white lesions. The most prevalent lesions were khat-induced white lesion (8.8%), leukoedema (5.1%), and frictional keratosis (3.9%). Potentially malignant lesions, such as lichen planus, leukoplakia, and smokeless tobacco-induced lesions, were seen in 2.4%, 1.2%, and 1.7% of participants, respectively. Moreover, three cases of oral cancer were identified. The presence of white lesions was found to be significantly associated with advanced age (P = .004), male gender (P = .009), and khat/tobacco chewing habits (P

To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of denture wearers. Swabs were collected from 72 denture wearers and 72 controls (non-denture wearers) to obtain DNA. Amplification of the β-globin gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction to check the integrity of extracted DNA. The presence of human papillomavirus in the DNA sample was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of human papillomavirus was found to be significantly higher in the oral cavity of denture wearers (38/72, 52.8%) than in the controls (17/72, 23.6%; odds ratio = 3.612, confidence interval = 1.771/7.385, P = 0.001). When adjusted for variables, including age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking habit, human papillomavirus was still found to be significantly associated with denture wearing, with an adjusted odds of 3.2 (P = 0.008). No association of human papillomavirus positivity was found with denture variables, including denture type, denture material type, duration of denture wearing, and denture hygiene (P 0.05). Low-risk human papillomavirus types were found to be more frequent in both groups. The prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of denture wearers was found to be significantly higher compared to controls; however, it was mainly low-risk types.

In this work, hybrid of soluble copper phthalocyanine (CuPcOC{sub 8}) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been synthesized. The formation of CuPcOC{sub 8}-MWCNTs hybrid is confirmed by atomic force microscopy, UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy. Subsequently, a chemi-resistive sensor is fabricated by drop casting CuPcOC{sub 8}-MWCNTs hybrid onto glass substrate. It has been demonstrated that CuPcOC{sub 8}-MWCNTs hybrid is highly selective towards Cl{sub 2} gas with minimum detection limit of 100 ppb. The response of sensor increases linearly with increase in the concentration of Cl{sub 2} gas. For 2000 ppb of Cl{sub 2}, CuPcOC{sub 8}-MWCNTs hybrid gives a response as large as 53% in 40 seconds.

Nanowires of substituted Zinc phthalocyanine have been uniformly grown onto glass substrate by cost effective self-assembly technique and their Cl2 sensing properties have been studied at room temperature in the range 5–1500 ppb. The formation of nanowires is attributed to π-π interactions between the molecules. The density and dimensions of nanowires is found to be dependent upon the concentration of solution. It has been demonstrated that these nanowires are highly sensitive and selective to Cl2. The nanowires exhibit a response as high as 570% with a fast response time of 15 sec for 1500 ppb of Cl2 while the minimum detection limit is as low as 5 ppb. XPS studies reveal that predominant sites of interaction of chlorine are central metal ions of substituted zinc phthalocyanine molecules. The studies emphasize their application as low cost room temperature ppb level chlorine gas sensor.

Objectives:1) Evaluate the molecular profiles of a panel of normal and dysplastic cell lines used in modeling oral cancer initiation and progression. 2) Determine how closely they resemble microdissected tissue of the same type.Methods:Primary cell lines OKP7, OKF4; Immortalized normal cell lines OKF4/TERT-1, OKF4/E6E7, OKF6/TERT-1, OKF6/TERT-2, OKF6/E6E7, OKP7/bmi1/TERT; and dysplastic cell lines DOK and POE9n/TERT were analyzed for DNA copy number variation, mRNA, and miRNA expression. These data were compared to microdisected normal and dysplastic tissue using SMRT v.2 DNA microarrays, Agilent Human Gene Expression 44K microarrays, and Exiqon LNA RT miRNA PCR panels.Results:All but one of the immortalized cell lines contained major alterations in DNA copy number. Clustering analysis showed that mRNA and miRNA expression of the immortalized normal cell lines is distinct from normal tissue and is more similar to the primary and dysplastic cell lines, regardless of the tissues from which they derived, or ...

Self assembled nanowires (NWs) of Cu (II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-Phthalocyanine (CuPcOC4) molecule have been grown on glass substrate by solvent vapours annealing approach. The density and dimensions of NWs is found to be dependent on the concentration of solution and time of exposure. The possible formation mechanism of these structures is π-π interaction between phthalocyanine molecules. The improved conductivity of these NWs can be due to 1D co-facial arrangement of molecules in NWs. Nws are found to be selective for Cl2 gas at room temperature. The room temperature Cl2 sensing characteristics of NWs have been discussed in this paper.Self assembled nanowires (NWs) of Cu (II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-Phthalocyanine (CuPcOC4) molecule have been grown on glass substrate by solvent vapours annealing approach. The density and dimensions of NWs is found to be dependent on the concentration of solution and time of exposure. The possible formation mechanism of these structures is π-π interaction between phthalocyanine molecules. The improved conductivity of these NWs can be due to 1D co-facial arrangement of molecules in NWs. Nws are found to be selective for Cl2 gas at room temperature. The room temperature Cl2 sensing characteristics of NWs have been discussed in this paper.

Room temperature ppb level Cl2 sensing characteristics of 50 nm films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and its non-peripheral derivative Cu(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H, 31H-phthalocyanine (CuPcOC4) have been studied in the 5-1500 ppb range. By making butoxy substitutions at non-peripheral sites of CuPc molecule, the detection limit of film is lowered from 50 ppb to 5 ppb with faster response and recovery time as compared to unsubstituted CuPc film of same thickness. For 1500 ppb of Cl2, the response of CuPcOC4 film is four times higher than CuPc film. These results are further enhanced by using self-assembled nanowires of CuPcOC4. The response of nanowires is five times higher than unsubstituted CuPc film with response and recovery time of 20 sec and 270 sec for 1500 ppb of Cl2.

With the unreliability of epithelial dysplasia as a predictor to determine the risk of future malignant development, subjectivity associated in evaluating dysplasia by pathologists and paucity of biomarkers that could accurately predict the progression risks in oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), eradication of the lesions appears to be the most desirable approach to minimize the risk of invasive cancer formation. Interventions, such as surgery and chemoprevention, have not shown promising long-term results in the treatment of these lesions, and lack of guidelines and general consensus on their management has incited much anxiety and doubts in both patients and community clinicians. Topical Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive and minimally toxic technique that in recent years has shown great promise in the management of PMDs. In this review, we describe the historical developments in the field of PDT, its basic mechanisms, as well as related clinical studies, and its challenges in the management of oral PMDs. Based on its high efficacy and low side effects, its high patient acceptance/compliance, the simplicity of the procedure and its minimal pre-treatment preparation, topical PDT is believed to have potential to play an important role in the management of PMD, especially for the low-grade dysplasia. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S

1D nanowires (NWs) of Cu (II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-Phthalocyanine (CuPc(OBu)8) molecule have been grown on different substrates by cost effective solution processing technique. The density of NWs is found to be strongly dependent on the concentration of solution. The possible formation mechanism of these structures is π-π interaction between phthalocyanine molecules. The improved conductivity of these NWs as compared to spin coated film indicates their potential for molecular device applications.