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Zeaxanthin is a member of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids, or plant-produced pigments. They are just somewhat dissimilar to one another in terms of structural similarity. Kale, savoy cabbage, spinach, broccoli, peas, parsley, corn, and egg yolks are the main sources of these carotenoids. Zeaxanthin should be taken daily in doses of 2 mg. Adults need between 1-2 mg of zeaxanthin per day on average. Because humans are unable to make or consume certain substances, they are essential for the health of certain body organs (such as the heart, intestines, skin, and eyes). Including a lot of fruits, vegetables, and dark leafy greens in our diets may aid in maintaining the health of our bodies. Carotenoids, such as zeaxanthin, are essential for scavenging free radicals and preventing oxidative stress, which helps to protect cells. They operate as defence mechanisms for the organism. Zeaxanthin has demonstrated potential in complementing cardiac and breast cancer therapy. This article discusses research on the role of zeaxanthin, namely its absorption and metabolic processes in humans, and explores the importance of eating foods high in xanthophyll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally existing polymer compounds, particularly polysaccharide polymers, have been employed in pharmaceuticals to deliver a wide range of therapeutic medicines. Next to cellulose-ß-(1,4) linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units, chitosan is the second most prevalent naturally occurring polysaccharide. It is a mucoadhesive polymer that is biocompatible and biodegradable and has been widely used in the creation of both micro- and nanoparticles. Natural polymers made of randomly arranged N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit) and deacetyl-D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) are chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan. Due to the free protonable amino groups found in the D-glucosamine units, chitosan is soluble in acidic environments whereas chitin is insoluble in aqueous media. Chitosan is a particularly promising source for pharmaceutical application. Applications of chitosan as a wound dressing material include development of antimicrobial agents, chitosan bandage for wound healing, suitable for starting material for wound dressings, its hemostatic effect -ability to inhibit microbial growth. Chitosan is biodegradable non-toxic natural polymer that promotes wound healing and can be used as antibiotics for bacterial control by chitosan-based wound dressings. Due to its inherent antibacterial qualities and capacity to transfer extrinsic antimicrobial agents to wounds and burns, chitosan is used to treat wound and burn infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer has long been the top cause of cancer-related fatalities in both men and women globally. It occurs due to genetic damage to the DNA of airway cells, which is commonly brought on by cigarette smoking or breathing chemicals that are harmful. Damaged lung cells acquire the capacity to proliferate uncontrollably, leading to the development of a tumour. The tumours damage lung function when they spread across the lung. This research work involves development of potential drug for lung cancer from the phytochemicals of Cuscuta reflexa. The phytochemicals were screened for ADMET properties and docked against the cyclin-G associated kinase, in which the compound scoparone exhibits lowest binding energy affinity of -6.09 kcal/mol followed by 3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole of -6.03 kcal/mol. This indicates that these compounds from the Indian herbs have potential anti-cancer activity and can be a cure for lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in number of lung cancer demands for the safer drug with high potential, solubility, permeability and efficacy. In this study the bioactive compounds of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were screened for drug likeness property. The compound 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro (4,5) deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione showed potential result while docked against the lung cancer protein using Autodock 4.2.6. The bioactive compounds of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were screened for drug likeness property using the Lipinski's rule of five and ADMET prediction. The structurally-based docking analysis was done between organic compounds of plants against virulent proteins that are mainly responsible for causing disease. The interaction of rigid structure docked compounds was visualised using Discovery studios software and lowest binding affinity ligand is tested for firmness and stability with protein using NAMD dynamics software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the world health organisation, the infectious diseases is defined as an infection caused by various microorganism such as bacteria, fungi, virus, prions and protozoa where the bacterial disease is the leading cause of death which may be transmitted through the skin and mucosal membrane. The bacterial disease has caused about 58% of mortality rate. The essential oils are highly volatile substances obtained from the distillation process. The essential oil is well known for its medicinal uses and used against various diseases. The objective of the study is to develop novel antibacterial strip from the essential oils of Illicium verum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The work involves extraction and analysis of essential oils from both sources, then the essential oil was characterised using biochemical assay. The essential oils were screened for their potential anti-microbial activity. The essential oil from Illicium verum and Cinnamomum showed good result in every assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oil was analysed against the bacteria and finally, the anti-bacterial strip was developed which displayed good wound healing property and prevents the entry of bacteria through wounds and cuts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitin is the most abundant nitrogenous polysaccharide found on the shells of crustaceans. Chitosan, the derivative of chitin yield through deacetylation has discovered a lot of bioactive properties and biotechnological applications recently. Oyster shell, which is abundant is chitin polysaccharide could be a good source for Chitosan extraction. The Chitosan extracted from chitin polysaccharide can be used for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, Chitosan extracted from oyster shells was characterised by Fourier Transform-Infra-Red spectroscopy with degree of deacetylation of 93.8%. The FT-IR analysis of Chitosan showed different functional groups of organic compounds. Antibacterial property of Chitosan against Escherichia coli and staphylococcus bacterial strains was examined using agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at 500 µg/ml Chitosan concentration was better when compared to staphylococcus upon the same concentration. In vitro HRBC membrane stabilisation method was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Chitosan and it showed 45.5% of protection at 500 µg/ml. Thus, the Chitosan extracted from oyster shells can be applied to pharmaceutical industry because it showed greater efficacy in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioactive compounds derived from the plant Verbascum thapsus against the protein CagA, released by H. pylori were studied. Verbascum thapsus known as the great mullein or common mullein is a herb that is found all over Europe, Asia and also located in eastern parts of India. It is known to have many medicinal properties. Cytotoxin Associated Protein (CagA) is one of the most carried gene released by Helicobacter pylori throughout the world which is responsible for causing gastric cancer. The target protein was taken from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and was studied. The biologically active compounds were filtered against the Lipinski rule of five and ADMET properties. The docking studies were done using Autodoc 4.2.3 and Discovery studio 3.1 was used for visualisation. The compounds Methylcatalpol, Ajugol, Quercetin show the highest binding energy with -1.15, -2.69 and -3.36 kcal/mol, respectively. The Van der Walls interaction, hydrogen bond interaction and total number of amino acids were analysed. This research focused on the molecular docking study of drug compounds against the bacterial protein CagA to discover a novel therapeutic product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated carbon is the most efficient source in degradation of textile dyes. The source for activated carbon obtained from plants is the cheaper source and eco-friendly. Textile dye is one of the major pollutants that affect the environment adversely. Prosopis juliflora is the most abundant plant and is widely known for its water absorbing ability. In this study, activated carbon is prepared from the plant Prosopis juliflora and is activated using chemical agents. Malachite green is the dye used majorly in textile industry. Our research proves the feasibility of removal of malachite green dye using activated carbon prepared from Prosopis juliflora. Batch adsorption studies were done to study the effectiveness of the degradation. Using Response Surface Methodology, the optimum condition for removal of dye was calculated by influencing various parameters such as pH, temperature, dye concentration, activated carbon. The study proves that the low-cost adsorbent can effectively remove the malachite green dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, in silico studies or computational methods have been developed and widely applied rapidly in the field of drug discovery. Latest approaches including molecular docking, Absorption, digestion, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies, and LIGPLOT studies help to study and determine the interaction between targeted protein and drug ligand, pharmacokinetic properties, and schematic representation of protein-ligand interaction, respectively. Hepatitis B is one of the world's life-threatening diseases for years. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this dreadful disease yet. But there are some treatments to slow down its ability to damage the liver. This current study involves in silico molecular docking studies using Autodock4. Various drugs and phytochemicals from herbs have been used. Piperine showed an optimum binding affinity, with the highest negative energy of -6.55 kcal/mol. Lipinski's rule of five was followed in ADMET studies. Then the schematic representation of the interaction of the targeted protein and drug molecule is achieved by the software called Ligplot plus. In the future, there has to be a significant effort made to conduct research to discover an effective drug for hepatitis B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terminalia chebula is an ayurveda herb which is used as the traditional medicinal plant and provide an adverse effect in treating the disease. It is widely used in the treatment of glucose-related diseases. The chitosan is a polymer that can be easily available in the form of biocompatible and non-toxic in nature. It can be used as a biodegradable polymer and drug delivery in the pharmaceutical industry. The detection of chitosan nanoparticle was carried out by characterisation methods like UV-Vis. Spectroscopy, FE-SEM, EDS, FT-IR, XRD and DLS. Alpha amylase assay and alpha glycosidase assay (glucose tolerance test) have been done for antidiabetic activity. The glucose metabolism and the viability of cells have been performed through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Here the 3T3 fibroblastic cell line has been used. The glucose metabolism also confirms that the drug morphology and binding stability make the drug to treat the glucose-related diseases in absence of insulin. By the observation in future prospects, the chitosan-loaded nanoparticles have the potency on cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is responsible for a significant portion of disease-related death worldwide. In pathological words, cancer is described as the uncontrolled rapid multiplication of aberrant cells that can subsequently infiltrate into new locations. Malignant tumors with metastatic potential are the most common cause of cancer-related morbidity and so attract the most interest from scientists and researchers around the world. While new treatment and diagnostic procedures have significantly increased the survival rate of cancer patients, a complete cure remains improbable. Theranostic (combination of therapy and diagnostics) has developed as a cutting-edge strategy for cancer management, offering a two-pronged advantage. Nanoparticle can be tailored to develop theranostic capabilities resulting in nanotheranostics agents. Nanotheranostics hold enormous potential since they combine non-invasive disease detection and treatment with the exciting possibility of monitoring medication release and distribution in real time, anticipating and evaluating the therapy effectiveness. The clinical application of nanotheranostics would allow for earlier disease detection and treatment, as well as earlier response assessment, allowing for the screening of individuals who might respond to therapy and have a better chance of a positive outcome. This article discusses various nanotheranostics and their most recent developments in the fight against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gracilaria foliifera, sustainable renewable resources in the marine environment. Gracilaria, a genus of red algae, notable for its economic importance as an agarophyte. In the present study, experiments were performed to investigate the phytochemical constituents of Gracilaria foliifera. Samples were collected during three different lunar phases namely new moon, full moon and between days. The collected seaweeds were shade dried and extracted by ethyl acetate. The crude metabolites are subjected to phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, and qualitative analysis of the compounds by TLC. Further the crude extract was evaluated by GCMS. Among the different lunar phases, the presence of phytochemical compounds, antioxidants activity, is maximum during the full moon days which also showed appreciable amount than the samples collected during new moon phase and transition phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) was first represented in 1798 by John Christian Fabricius. It is the second most widely cultured prawn species in the world. Giant tiger prawn shell wastes are a rich source of protein and valuable bioactive carbohydrate polymers such as chitin. Chitin and chitosan have high economic value because of their biological activities and their biomedical and industrial applications. The comparative studies were performed on the extraction of chitin and chitosan from giant tiger prawn to evaluate its effectiveness in the antiplatelet and anti-glycation activity. After cellulose, chitin is the most distributed biopolymer in nature. Chitosan is non-hazardous and biopolymer, synthesised from the chitin which has biodegradable, biocompatible properties. Giant tiger prawn shells were demineralised with HCl and deproteinised with sodium hydroxide to obtain chitin and it was deacetylated with strong alkali to yield chitosan. The prepared chitin and chitosan were characterised by quantitative test and Fourier Transform-Infra-Red spectrometry. The antiplatelet and anti-glycation activity was examined for both chitin and chitosan. The antiplatelet activity was tested using two different assays and chitosan showed higher activity than chitin. In anti-glycation activity chitosan showed effective activity than chitin at higher concentration. Hence, chitin and chitosan showed excellent antiplatelet and anti-glycation activity. It can be applied to pharmaceutical industry and cosmetology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure‐less network. Every Node act as a sender as well as receiver while sending a packet. Neighbor coverage probabilistic rebroadcasting (NCPR) protocol plays a momentous role in MANET for determining a route by helping the transitional nodes to onward a packet when the mobile nodes are not in the transmission space. This protocol minimizes the interference among node and increases the network capacity. There occurs a delay in the network while sending a packet via failure route or channel. Before sending a packet in the network, all the neighbor nodes have to be verified to avert congestion in the network. Quality of service (QoS) plays an important role in the development of MANET. In this research work, delay and neighbor connectivity‐based constrain is focused. The impact of node mobility during interference and delay is examined using network coding‐based topology control algorithm. By using this algorithm, irrelevant links are identified and detached from the topology. The simulation result shows that neighbor coverage established topology control algorithm for delay (NCTCAD) can reduce the delay and upturn the performance in MANETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]