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In this research, aluminium alloys AA7075 and AA6063 were reinforced with aluminium oxide and titanium oxide particles fabricated through stir casting. The Archard equation was used to model wear behavior, with the wear rate and hardness ratios determined experimentally. The addition of reinforcing particles improves hardness and wear resistance by impeding dislocation movement and refining grain size. At higher temperatures, a protective oxide layer forms, reducing wear. The wear rate decreases with increasing reinforcement percentage and increases with sliding distance. AA7075 exhibits lower wear rates than AA6063, especially at higher temperatures, due to its higher hardness. The developed wear equation in this study relates the wear rates of harder (AA7075) and softer (AA6063) composite materials by considering factors such as % reinforcement, load, sliding distance, velocity, and temperature. The equation considers the change in the wear rate of aluminium composites with respect to temperature, represented by dv/dT and accounts for the effect of temperature on wear behavior through the temperature coefficients (ɑ and β). The equation takes into deliberation the impact of these parameters on wear behavior, offering a mathematical foundation for understanding and comparing wear performance across different materials.

The study aim was to optimise the C/N ratio, improve the compost quality, reduce pathogenic bacteria load in the compost, and improve guava yield. Vegetable wastes were mixed with cow dung, grasses, and food wastes in ratios of 4:3:2:1 (w/w) for achieving a C/N ratio of approximately 37. Co-composting is an important strategy because the mixture of bulking agents can help achieve optimal composting conditions. Experimental results were obtained from a pilot-scale rotary drum reactor with forced aeration. In the reactor, the temperature increased during the thermophilic phase (58±2 °C) and decreased after 10 days (54±2 °C). The pH values moderately increased, then decreased, and were near to neutral after maturation. The results indicated that co-composting of bio-wastes at a C/N ratio of 37.6%±1.02% could be effectively decomposed to reduce the residuals to just 13.6%±1.05% after 28 days. The microbial population increased in both mesophilic and thermophilic stages and decreased at the end of the composting, reflecting stability. The stable compost was applied to the growth of guava plant, and the yield was calculated. The organic compost improved plant growth, fruit yield, and enriched phytochemical compounds in the fruit and peels. The phytochemical compounds improved antioxidant activity in the guava fruits.

Abstract One of the significant challenges of the Radio over fibre (RoF) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the propagation delay. This delay can lead to serious issues, such as higher propagation delay resulting in collisions and unnecessary retransmissions. Quantum entanglement is an excellent candidate to overcome the propagation delay of the RoF MAC protocol. A new quantum MAC protocol is proposed, named the Quantum Entanglement‐based MAC protocol (QE‐MAC), in which Quantum Teleportation is utilised to address the propagation delay. Four entanglement states are employed to represent the control packets of the classical MAC protocol, and data is transmitted over the classical channel. Instead of using control packets such as acknowledgement, request to send, and Clear to send, state transitions are employed. This approach avoids the delay and collision issues associated with control packets, resulting in a significant improvement in network performance. The delay, duty cycle (DC), and power consumption of the proposed QE‐MAC protocol are formulated and derived. The protocol is evaluated in terms of delay, DC, and power consumption, demonstrating superior performance compared to the classical RoF MAC protocol. In comparison to published works, our proposed approach has successfully reduced both delay and power consumption by 35%.

Background: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) are vital vascular structures supplying the majority of the intestinal tract. Despite their clinical significance, comprehensive morphometric studies combining traditional cadaveric dissection with modern imaging techniques are scarce in literature. This study aimed to provide a detailed morphometric analysis of the SMA and IMA using both cadaveric dissection and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography. Methods: The study utilized a dual approach, combining cadaveric dissection (30 formalin-fixed cadavers) and MDCT angiography (images from 50 patients). Measurements including stem lengths, diameters at origin, and distances from the aortic bifurcation were taken, along with assessment of vertebral levels of origin and branching patterns. Data from both components were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Key findings for SMA include: Mean stem length: 3.19 ± 0.72 cm (cadaveric) vs. 2.53 ± 0.53 cm (MDCT); Mean diameter at origin: 0.93 ± 0.22 cm (cadaveric) vs. 0.57 ± 0.10 cm (MDCT); Most common vertebral level of origin: Upper border of L1 (78 % of cases); Branching pattern variations observed in 23.3 % of cadaveric specimens, which included the origin of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the first jejunal artery, a common trunk for right colic and ileocolic arteries, and absence of middle colic artery. For IMA: Mean stem length: 3.61 ± 1.29 cm (cadaveric) vs. 3.41 ± 0.69 cm (MDCT); Mean diameter at origin: 0.50 ± 0.11 cm (cadaveric) vs. 0.26 ± 0.05 cm (MDCT); Most common vertebral level of origin: Upper border of L3 (40 % of cases). No variations observed in branching pattern. Conclusions: The detailed measurements, frequency of variations, and comparison between traditional and modern assessment techniques offer a nuanced understanding of mesenteric vascular anatomy. This study bridges the gap between classical anatomical knowledge and contemporary imaging capabilities, potentially improving surgical planning, interventional procedures, and radiological interpretation.

Abstract In the present work, phytoconstituents from Citrus limon are computationally tested against SARS‐CoV‐2 target protein such as Mpro ‐ (5R82.pdb), Spike ‐ (6YZ5.pdb) &RdRp ‐ (7BTF.pdb) for COVID‐19. Docking was done by glide model, QikProp was performed by in silico ADMET screening & Prime MM‐GB/SA modules were used to define binding energy. When compared with approved COVID‐19 drugs such as Remdesivir, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, and Hydroxychloroquine, plant‐based constituents such as Quercetin, Rutoside, Naringin, Eriocitrin, and Hesperidin. bind with significant G‐scores to the active SARS‐CoV‐2 place. The constituents Rutoside and Eriocitrin were studied in each MD simulation in 100 ns against 3 proteins 5R82.pdb, 6YZ5.pdb and 7BTF.pdb.We performed an assay with significant natural compounds from contacts and in silico results (Rutin, Eriocitrin, Naringin, Hesperidin) using 3CL protease assay kit (B.11529 Omicron variant). This kit contained 3CL inhibitor GC376 as Control. The IC50 value of the test compound was found to be Rutin −17.50 μM, Eriocitrin−37.91 μM, Naringin−39.58 μM, Hesperidine−140.20 μM, the standard inhibitory concentration of GC376 was 38.64 μM. The phytoconstituents showed important interactions with SARS‐CoV‐2 targets, and potential modifications could be beneficial for future development.

A dual-band bio-implantable compact antenna with a meander-line structure is presented. The proposed meander-line antenna resonates at the industrial, scientific, and medical (2.4 GHz) and wireless medical telemetry (1.4 GHz) bands. The meander-line structure is selected as a radiating patch given its versatile and effective design. With a dimension of only 10mm X 10mm X 0:635mm, the designed antenna is compact. Considering a skin phantom, the proposed antenna was designed, optimized, and simulated. The Rogers RT/duroid 6010 substrate material with high dielectric constant was used to fabricate the meander-line dual-band implantable antenna, which was validated experimentally. The superstrate was made of the same material. Experiments were conducted on skin-mimicking gel. The designed meander-line antenna has a high peak gain of -21 dBi at 2.4 GHz, and its maximum specific absorption rate is compliant with IEEE safety standards.

Abstract The emphasis on sustainable sources of drug development seems imminent with phytochemicals emerging as promising candidates due to their minimal probability of adverse effects. This study focuses on utilizing simple cinnamic acid and nicotinic acid derivatives as starting materials, employing an efficient synthetic protocol to obtain methyl 5-((cinnamoyloxy)methyl)picolinate targeting CVD mediated by multiple enzymes such as MAPK, PCSK9, MPO, SIRT1 and TNF-α. Comprehensive characterization of synthesized molecule is achieved through 1H, 13C, FT-IR, and HRMS methods. Additionally, the crystal structure was established via SC-XRD. Comparative analysis with the DFT-optimized structure identifies key nucleophilic and electrophilic regions for determining interactions with bio-targets. Notably, Compound 5 adheres to all drug-likeness criteria, further validated through screening similar pharmacophoric drugs from databases. Targeting bio-relevant areas with a specific focus on CVD drug development. The molecular docking studies elucidate ligand–protein interactions for better binding connectivity. This investigation further underscores the importance of sustainable practices, simple chemical synthesis, and computational approaches, contributing to the pursuit of eco-friendly drug development with enhanced safety profiles (MTT assay).

Ramasubbamma Ramaiah,1 Aruna Jothishanmugam,2 Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani,1 Vanitha Innocent Rani,3 Bader Yahya Alshahrani,4 Logapriya Rajagopal Sambasivan,5 Justin Xavier Dhas6 1Medical and Surgical Department, College of Nursing, King Khalid University Abha, Khamis Mushait, Asir, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Nursing, University College at Aldair, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Psychiatric Nursing Department, Nursing College Mahayil, King Khalid University, Mahayil, Asir, Saudi Arabia; 4Supplies Warehouse Department, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia; 5Biochemistry Department, Government Medical College, Thiruvallur, The TN Dr.MGR Medical University, Thiruvallur, TN, India; 6Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Department, Velammal Institute of Technology, Viraganur, Anna University, TN, IndiaCorrespondence: Ramasubbamma Ramaiah, Email rramaiah@kku.edu.saBackground: The rate of cesarean section is increasing from 15% to 40% in recent years. The type of delivery influences the hormonal, emotional and mental health of the mother, which correlates positively or negatively with the health benefits of the newborn. There have been many published studies on kangaroo mother care for mothers undergoing elective cesarean section, but there is still a lack of understanding about emergency cesarean section.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of KMC practice for mothers undergoing emergency cesarean section in terms of hormone levels such as oxytocin, cortisol, prolactin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10.Methods: This retrospective analysis used remnant serum (KMC group = 16; control group = 9), and clinical data such as KMC practice (15– 30 minutes three or four times daily until discharge), breastfeeding initiation time, feeding time, crying time and hospital stay were extracted from the electronic database. All hormone and cytokine expressions were quantitatively determined by ELISA. Comparisons within and between groups were performed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: In the KMC group, increased levels of the hormone oxytocin significantly reduced cortisol and IL-6 and negatively influenced prolactin and IL-10 levels. The elevated prolactin facilitates overall lactation behaviour, of which 64% reported breastfeeding directly at the breast. The cytokine analysis revealed a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby an improved wound healing was seen in the KMC group.Conclusion: These quantitative results strongly encourage the use of KMC for mothers undergoing emergency cesarean section. These simple yet effective breastfeeding strategies promote maternal and infant health, which can reduce medication use.Keywords: lactation, KMC, nursing strategy, hormone, cytokine

The present study aims to identify whether the delineation of potential groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) is essential for monitoring surface and conserving underground water resources. This study analysed the morphology of earth surface characteristics such as geomorphology, lineament density, lithology, slope, soil types, land use and land cover, drainage density, land surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index, rainfall, and topographic wetness index parameters to delineate the potential groundwater zones. This article applies the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-influence factor (MIF) methods to identify potential groundwater zones in the Tirunelveli and Tenkasi districts of Tamil Nadu, India. In the AHP method, individual parameter's geometric mean and normalized weights were determined using the pair-wise matrix analytical method. Remote sensing-geographic information system (RS-GIS) techniques were used to generate thematic map layers from normalized weights to delineate GWPZs. The GWPZs were classified as Very Low, Low, Medium, High, and Very High. The result shows that the GWPZs were identified as 3.57, 0.55, 6.62, 58.09, and 31.21% in the study area for the five classes, respectively. In this study, the thematic maps were also prepared by assigning fixed scores and weights from the MIF approach. In the MIF approach, GWPZs were classified into five classes and identified as 3.16, 0.33, 2.14, 61.21, and 33.16% in the study area, respectively. GWPZ maps were evaluated for both MIF and AHP techniques using the Kappa statistics method with agreement values of 0.77 and 0.72%, respectively. This study's GIS-RS method is more proficient and efficient in delineating the GWPZs.

Abstract Ovarian cancer accounts for more deaths than any other female reproductive tract cancer. The major reasons for the high mortality rates include delayed diagnoses and drug resistance. Hence, improved diagnostic and therapeutic options for ovarian cancer are a pressing need. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), that include exosomes provide hope in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. They are natural lipid nanovesicles secreted by all cell types and carry molecules that reflect the status of the parent cell. This facilitates their potential use as biomarkers for an early diagnosis. Additionally, EVs can be loaded with exogenous cargo, and have features such as high stability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. This makes them ideal for tumor-targeted delivery of biological moieties. The International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) based on the Minimal Information for Studies on Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) recommends the usage of the term “small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)” that includes exosomes for particles that are 30–200 nm in size. However, majority of the studies reported in the literature and relevant to this review have used the term “exosomes”. Therefore, this review will use the term “exosomes” interchangeably with sEVs for consistency with the literature and avoid confusion to the readers. This review, initially summarizes the different isolation and detection techniques developed to study ovarian cancer-derived exosomes and the potential use of these exosomes as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of this devastating disease. It addresses the role of exosome contents in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, discusses strategies to limit exosome-mediated ovarian cancer progression, and provides options to use exosomes for tumor-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer. Finally, it states future research directions and recommends essential research needed to successfully transition exosomes from the laboratory to the gynecologic-oncology clinic.

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive processing dysfunctions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. This study combined brain neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle (NEEV) technology and serum markers of inflammation and metabolism with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify the contribution of gene regulatory pathways, in particular micro-RNA (miR) 93, to interoceptive dysfunction in MDD. Individuals with MDD (n = 41) and healthy comparisons (HC; n = 35) provided blood samples and completed an interoceptive attention task during fMRI. EVs were separated from plasma using a precipitation method. NEEVs were enriched by magnetic streptavidin bead immunocapture utilizing a neural adhesion marker (L1CAM/CD171) biotinylated antibody. The origin of NEEVs was validated with two other neuronal markers - neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 (ATP1A3). NEEV specificities were confirmed by flow cytometry, western blot, particle size analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. NEEV small RNAs were purified and sequenced. Results showed that: (1) MDD exhibited lower NEEV miR-93 expression than HC; (2) within MDD but not HC, those individuals with the lowest NEEV miR-93 expression had the highest serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and leptin; and (3) within HC but not MDD, those participants with the highest miR-93 expression showed the strongest bilateral dorsal mid-insula activation during interoceptive versus exteroceptive attention. Since miR-93 is regulated by stress and affects epigenetic modulation by chromatin re-organization, these results suggest that healthy individuals but not MDD participants show an adaptive epigenetic regulation of insular function during interoceptive processing. Future investigations will need to delineate how specific internal and external environmental conditions contribute to miR-93 expression in MDD and what molecular mechanisms alter brain responsivity to body-relevant signals.

Summary: Microbial plant pathogens deploy amphipathic cyclic lipopeptides to reduce surface tension in their environment. While plants can detect these molecules to activate cellular stress responses, the role of these lipopeptides or associated host responses in pathogenesis are not fully clear. The gramillin cyclic lipopeptide is produced by the Fusarium graminearum fungus and is a virulence factor and toxin in maize. Here, we show that gramillin promotes virulence and necrosis in both monocots and dicots by disrupting ion balance across membranes. Gramillin is a cation-conducting ionophore and causes plasma membrane depolarization. This disruption triggers cellular signaling, including a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcriptional reprogramming, and callose production. Gramillin-induced ROS depends on expression of host ILK1 and RBOHD genes, which promote fungal induction of virulence genes during infection and host susceptibility. We conclude that gramillin’s ionophore activity targets plant membranes to coordinate attack by the F. graminearum fungus.

Background Recent innovations are making radiology more advanced for patient and patient services. Under the immense burden of radiology practice, Artificial Intelligence (AI) assists in obtaining Computed Tomography (CT) images with less scan time, proper patient placement, low radiation dose (RD), and improved image quality (IQ). Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the positioning accuracy, RD, and IQ of AI-based automatic and manual positioning techniques for CT kidney ureters and bladder (CT KUB). Methods This prospective study included 143 patients in each group who were referred for computed tomography (CT) KUB examination. Group 1 patients underwent manual positioning (MP), and group 2 patients underwent AI-based automatic positioning (AP) for CT KUB examination. The scanning protocol was kept constant for both the groups. The off-center distance, RD, and quantitative and qualitative IQ of each group were evaluated and compared. Results The AP group (9.66±6.361 mm) had significantly less patient off-center distance than the MP group (15.12±9.55 mm). There was a significant reduction in RD in the AP group compared with that in the MP group. The quantitative image noise (IN) was lower, with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the AP group than in the MP group (p

Rickettsioses caused by Rickettsia and Orientia spp. are the re-emerging diseases in India, which are grossly underdiagnosed, particularly among children. They usually present as mild-febrile illness but may extend to severe life-threatening complications. Early diagnosis followed by proper treatment reduces the morbidity and mortality. Non-specific clinical symptoms and lack of point of care diagnosis may delay the treatment. Molecular assays like PCR may helpful in the early diagnosis and confirmation of rickettsial diseases. In this study, we used multiplex real-time PCR to detect Rickettsia spp. and Orientia spp. in febrile pediatric patients. Whole blood was collected from 239 clinically suspected febrile pediatric patients aged between 6 months to 12 years admitted in tertiary care hospital at Chennai, South India. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to target the gltA gene for Rickettsia spp. and the 47kDa gene for Orientia tsutsugamushi. To compare the sensitivity, nested PCR was performed on the 56kDa antigen gene of O. tsutsugamushi and the Rickettsia genus specific gltA gene. By multiplex real-time PCR, 15 samples were positive for O. tsutsugamushi and 3 were positive for Rickettsia spp. Nested PCR identified 35 positive samples for O. tsutsugamushi and 4 positive samples for Rickettsia spp. Even though multiplex real-time PCR had lower positivity than nPCR, it was effective in diagnosing O. tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia spp. in a single assay.

The open radio access network (ORAN) aims to improve network efficiency by reducing latency through the distributed unit (DU) and virtualization in the central unit (CU). However, the deployment of additional DU servers increases power usage and competition among virtual machines for user data processing. This study proposes a novel approach to address these challenges by incorporating load balancing strategies and quantum physics concepts, particularly entanglement theory in classical communication systems. The methodology enables the production of quantum information units from a single classical information unit, aiming to conserve energy. A simplified yet effective power consumption (PC) model for the ORAN architecture captures traffic fluctuations and provides a comprehensive characterization of power usage within a virtualized system. An optimization problem is formulated to select ORAN servers for quantum load balancing that are less energy-efficient, maximizing user benefits. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to deal with nonlinear objective functions. The presented problem is addressed through the use of two numerical methods, namely sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and the active-set approach. It is shown that the SQP model exhibits superior energy efficiency compared to the active-set model, with a difference of approximately 45%.

Integrating natural language processing (NLP) techniques with spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) potentially revolutionize the way users interact with geospatial data. This article presents GeoNLU, a comprehensive framework aimed at bridging the gap between natural language and SDIs. GeoNLU aims to enable seamless interaction and querying of geospatial data through natural language, thereby enhancing accessibility and usability for a wide range of users. This article delves into the theoretical foundations, architectural design, key components, and potential applications of GeoNLU, highlighting its significance in improving geospatial data exploration, analysis, and decision-making.

Uranium mineralization related to Na-metasomatism is known as Na-metasomatite or albitite-type. They represent the fourth-largest uranium resource globally and constitute fifty thousand tons of U resources. The present work gives details about well-known Na-metasomatic uranium occurrences worldwide in terms of structures, metasomatic stages, geochemical characteristics, fluid inclusions, and compositions of stable isotopes. The host rocks are granite, granitoid, and metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary rocks, and these rocks experienced two/three deformational stages. U mineralization is mainly confined to faults and characterized by granitic intrusive, cataclasis, mylonitization, and albitization. The albitized rocks exhibit two to three metasomatic and late hydrothermal stages. The first stage is marked by the replacement of pre-existing host minerals during a ductile shear regime. The second stage is related to U mineralization contemporaneous with the brittle deformation. The albitized rocks exhibit depletion in Si, K, Ba, and heavy rare-earth elements relative to the host rocks and enrichments in Na, Ca, U, Zr, P, V, Sr, and light rare-earth elements. U-enrichment is positively correlated with Na, Mo, Cu, and high-field strength elements. The pressure–temperature (P-T) conditions of U mineralization are considered to be epithermal and mesothermal. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the mineralizing fluids were rich in Na+, Mg2+, Cl−, CO2, H2O, F−, and PO43− and meteoric–magmatic derived. The geological processes responsible for the genesis of Na-metasomatic U deposits of the North Delhi Fold Belt (India) are comparable with some international examples, i.e., Australia, Ukraine, Cameroon, Brazil, Guyana, China, and the USA.

Background Non-contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) plays a pivotal role in assessing central nervous system disorders and is a crucial diagnostic method. Iterative reconstruction (IR) methods have enhanced image quality (IQ) but may result in a blotchy appearance and decreased resolution for subtle contrasts. The deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm, which integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) into the reconstruction process, generates high-quality images with minimal noise. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the IQ of the Precise Image (DLIR) and the IR technique (iDose4) for the NCCT brain. Methods This is a prospective study. Thirty patients who underwent NCCT brain were included. The images were reconstructed using DLIR-standard and iDose4. Qualitative IQ analysis parameters, such as overall image quality (OQ), subjective image noise (SIN), and artifacts, were measured. Quantitative IQ analysis parameters such as Computed Tomography (CT) attenuation (HU), image noise (IN), posterior fossa index (PFI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum-semiovale (CSO) were measured. Paired t-tests were performed for qualitative and quantitative IQ analyses between the iDose4 and DLIR-standard. Kappa statistics were used to assess inter-observer agreement for qualitative analysis. Results Quantitative IQ analysis showed significant differences (p

Background Recent innovations are making radiology more advanced for patient and patient services. Under the immense burden of radiology practice, Artificial Intelligence (AI) assists in obtaining Computed Tomography (CT) images with less scan time, proper patient placement, low radiation dose (RD), and improved image quality (IQ). Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the positioning accuracy, RD, and IQ of AI-based automatic and manual positioning techniques for CT kidney ureters and bladder (CT KUB). Methods This prospective study included 143 patients in each group who were referred for computed tomography (CT) KUB examination. Group 1 patients underwent manual positioning (MP), and group 2 patients underwent AI-based automatic positioning (AP) for CT KUB examination. The scanning protocol was kept constant for both the groups. The off-center distance, RD, and quantitative and qualitative IQ of each group were evaluated and compared. Results The AP group (9.66±6.361 mm) had significantly less patient off-center distance than the MP group (15.12±9.55 mm). There was a significant reduction in RD in the AP group compared with that in the MP group. The quantitative image noise (IN) was lower, with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the AP group than in the MP group (p

Background The most recent advances in Computed Tomography (CT) image reconstruction technology are Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms. Due to drawbacks in Iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques such as negative image texture and nonlinear spatial resolutions, DLIRs are gradually replacing them. However, the potential use of DLIR in Head and Chest CT has to be examined further. Hence, the purpose of the study is to review the influence of DLIR on Radiation dose (RD), Image noise (IN), and outcomes of the studies compared with IR and FBP in Head and Chest CT examinations. Methods We performed a detailed search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase to find the articles reported using DLIR for Head and Chest CT examinations between 2017 to 2023. Data were retrieved from the short-listed studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Out of 196 articles searched, 15 articles were included. A total of 1292 sample size was included. 14 articles were rated as high and 1 article as moderate quality. All studies compared DLIR to IR techniques. 5 studies compared DLIR with IR and FBP. The review showed that DLIR improved IQ, and reduced RD and IN for CT Head and Chest examinations. Conclusions DLIR algorithm have demonstrated a noted enhancement in IQ with reduced IN for CT Head and Chest examinations at lower dose compared with IR and FBP. DLIR showed potential for enhancing patient care by reducing radiation risks and increasing diagnostic accuracy.

Scrub typhus is one of the important vector borne illness which is largely underdiagnosed, particularly in children. It causes mild febrile illness to severe complications. More than 20 genotypic clusters are documented from various geographical regions based on sequence variations of 56kDa type specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. Adequate knowledge about epidemiology and genetic diversity in endemic regions is an important tool for clinical management, development of diagnostic kit and vaccines. Limited studies are available based on genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in children. The present study determined the prevalence and genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in febrile pediatric patients admitted in tertiary care hospital of Chennai, South India. Both serum and blood samples were collected from 239 scrub typhus suspected febrile pediatric patient’s aged between 6 months to 12 years. IgM ELISA and 56kDa nested PCR were performed on all the patient samples. Nested PCR positive samples were sequenced and analyzed for genotypic differences. Among 239 samples, 103 were positive for IgM ELISA and 35 were positive for nPCR analysis. Out of the 108 scrub typhus positive cases, 45.31% (58/128) were male and 45.05% (50/111) were female. Eschar was positive in 56.48% of patients. Pneumonia (4/108), hypotensive shock (3/108), and myocarditis (1/108) were the most common clinical complications associated with scrub typhus positive children. Karp (56.6%) was the most common genotypic cluster found in our study, followed by TA716 (33.33%), TA763 (2/30), and Gilliam (1/30).

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving in various sectors such as industries, healthcare, smart homes, and societies. Billions and trillions of IoT devices are used in e-health systems, known as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), to improve communication processes in the network. Scientists and researchers have proposed various methods and schemes to ensure automatic monitoring, communication, diagnosis, and even operating on patients at a distance. Several researchers have proposed security schemes and approaches to identify the legitimacy of intelligent systems involved in maintaining records in the network. However, existing schemes have their own performance issues, including delay, storage efficiency, costs, and others. This paper proposes trusted schemes that combine mean and subjective logic aggregation methods to compute the trust of each communicating device in the network. Additionally, the network maintains a blockchain of legitimate devices to oversee the trusted devices in the network. The proposed mechanism is further verified and analyzed using various security metrics, such as reliability, trust, delay, beliefs, and disbeliefs, in comparison to existing schemes.

المخلص: أهداف البحث: يرتبط السلوك الخامل المرتفع بوظائف الأوعية الدموية المركزية المعاكسة والخلل الإدراكي. التدخلات لتخفيف الآثار السلبية للجلوس في مكان العمل مثيرة للاهتمام، ومع ذلك، فإن الأدلة التي تدعي فعالية مثل هذه التدخلات لا تزال تظهر. تهدف تجربة التقاطع العشوائية الحالية إلى استكشاف فعالية الجلوس لفترات طويلة مع أو بدون فواصل النشاط البدني على وظائف الأوعية الدموية المركزية والطرفية والمعرفية لدى البالغين. طرق البحث: أكمل واحد وعشرين من البالغين الأصحاء أربع ساعات من محاكاة ظروف العمل في ثلاث زيارات تجريبية: (1) الجلوس دون انقطاع؛ (2) يقطع الجلوس ثلاث دقائق سيرا على الأقدام كل ساعة؛ (3) يقطع الجلوس ثلاث دقائق من صعود السلم كل ساعة. تم قياس قطر الشريان السباتي والسطحي والسرعة ومعدل القص وتدفق الدم باستخدام الموجات فوق الصوتية المزدوجة عند 50 ميجاهرتز في ثلاث نقاط زمنية (الساعة صفر والثانية والرابعة) بينما تم تقييم الوظائف التنفيذية باستخدام إريكسن فلانكر المعتمدة على الحاسوب كل ساعة. النتائج: كان الانخفاض في أوقات رد الفعل (-30.59٪) والدقة (-10.56٪) أثناء ظروف الجلوس غير المنقطعة ذات دلالة إحصائية، بينما كان الانخفاض أقل أثناء الجلوس المتقطع بثلاث دقائق من المشي كل ساعة والجلوس بثلاث دقائق من صعود السلم كل ساعة. لم يلاحظ وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في وظائف الشريان السباتي والشريان الفخذي السطحي مع توقف الجلوس لمدة ثلاث دقائق من المشي كل ساعة والجلوس بثلاث دقائق من صعود السلم كل ساعة تدخل. الاستنتاجات: تم العثور على فواصل النشاط البدني متفاوتة الشدة أثناء الجلوس لفترات طويلة لتحسين أوقات رد الفعل. ومع ذلك، يجب تأكيد الفوائد الوعائية لفواصل النشاط البدني من خلال الدراسات المستقبلية في الوقت الفعلي. Abstract: Objectives: High sedentary behaviour is associated with adverse effects on central vascular function and cognitive function. Although interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of workplace sitting are intriguing, evidence of the efficacy of such interventions remains lacking. This randomised cross-over trial was aimed at exploring the effectiveness of prolonged sitting, with or without physical activity breaks, on central, peripheral vascular and cognitive function in adults. Methods: Twenty one healthy adults completed 4 h of simulated work conditions in three experimental visits: (1) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); (2) sitting interrupted by 3 min of walking every hour (LIT); and (3) sitting interrupted by 3 min of stair climbing every hour (MIT). Carotid (CA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) diameter, velocity, shear rate and blood flow were measured with Duplex ultrasound at 50 MHz at three time points (hours 0, 2 and 4), and executive function was assessed with the computer based Eriksen Flanker task every hour. Results: The decreases in reaction time (−30.59%) and accuracy (−10.56%) during SIT conditions were statistically significant, and less of a decrease was observed under LIT and MIT conditions. No significant differences in CA and SFA function were observed with LIT and MIT interventions. Conclusion: Physical activity breaks of varying intensity during prolonged sitting improve reaction time. However, the vascular benefits of physical activity breaks should be confirmed in the future through long term studies in natural environment.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are structured for monitoring an area with distributed sensors and built-in batteries. However, most of their battery energy is consumed during the data transmission process. In recent years, several methodologies, like routing optimization, topology control, and sleep scheduling algorithms, have been introduced to improve the energy efficiency of WSNs. This study introduces a novel method based on a deep learning approach that utilizes variational autoencoders (VAEs) to improve the energy efficiency of WSNs by compressing transmission data. The VAE approach is customized in this work for compressing WSN data by retaining its important features. This is achieved by analyzing the statistical structure of the sensor data rather than providing a fixed-size latent representation. The performance of the proposed model is verified using a MATLAB simulation platform, integrating a pre-trained variational autoencoder model with openly available wireless sensor data. The performance of the proposed model is found to be satisfactory in comparison to traditional methods, like the compressed sensing technique, lightweight temporal compression, and the autoencoder, in terms of having an average compression rate of 1.5572. The WSN simulation also indicates that the VAE-incorporated architecture attains a maximum network lifetime of 1491 s and suggests that VAE could be used for compression-based transmission using WSNs, as its reconstruction rate is 0.9902, which is better than results from all the other techniques.

Emerging evidence claims the vascular benefits of varied frequency and duration of physical activity (PA) breaks, whereas the efficacy of varied intensity remains unexplored. We aimed to collate and summate the studies investigating the PA breaks at various intensities on vascular protection. Seven electronic databases were searched for potential studies till Jan 31, 2022. The eligible studies should have administered PA breaks of differing intensities in prolonged sitting postures and explored regional vascular changes [flow mediated dilation (FMD), shear stress, diameter, and blood flow] using ultrasound and novel outcome markers. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies for eligibility after abstract and full-text screen, and appropriate data were extracted to summarise vascular protective effects with PA breaks. Our findings reveal adverse regional vascular outcomes with prolonged sitting (FMD ≈ –1.5%, diameter ≈ –0.06 mm), whereas PA breaks of any intensity were found to improve endothelial functions (FMD ≈ +0.5%, diameter ≈ +0.1 mm, shear ≈ +13 s-1) and mitigate the adverse effects associated with prolonged sitting. Compared with high-intensity activity, low-intensity PA breaks alleviate arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction risks.

The first step in comprehending the properties of Au10 clusters is understanding the lowest energy structure at low and high temperatures. Functional materials operate at finite temperatures; however, energy computations employing density functional theory (DFT) methodology are typically carried out at zero temperature, leaving many properties unexplored. This study explored the potential and free energy surface of the neutral Au10 nanocluster at a finite temperature, employing a genetic algorithm coupled with DFT and nanothermodynamics. Furthermore, we computed the thermal population and infrared Boltzmann spectrum at a finite temperature and compared it with the validated experimental data. Moreover, we performed the chemical bonding analysis using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) approach and the adaptive natural density partitioning method (AdNDP) to shed light on the bonding of Au atoms in the low-energy structures. In the calculations, we take into consideration the relativistic effects through the zero-order regular approximation (ZORA), the dispersion through Grimme’s dispersion with Becke–Johnson damping (D3BJ), and we employed nanothermodynamics to consider temperature contributions. Small Au clusters prefer the planar shape, and the transition from 2D to 3D could take place at atomic clusters consisting of ten atoms, which could be affected by temperature, relativistic effects, and dispersion. We analyzed the energetic ordering of structures calculated using DFT with ZORA and single-point energy calculation employing the DLPNO-CCSD(T) methodology. Our findings indicate that the planar lowest energy structure computed with DFT is not the lowest energy structure computed at the DLPN0-CCSD(T) level of theory. The computed thermal population indicates that the 2D elongated hexagon configuration strongly dominates at a temperature range of 50–800 K. Based on the thermal population, at a temperature of 100 K, the computed IR Boltzmann spectrum agrees with the experimental IR spectrum. The chemical bonding analysis on the lowest energy structure indicates that the cluster bond is due only to the electrons of the 6 s orbital, and the Au d orbitals do not participate in the bonding of this system.

Background and aim: Denture adhesives augment the retention and stability of the complete denture. The included studies have not directly compared tensile bond strength between zinc and zinc-free denture adhesives. This study compared the tensile bond strength of zinc-containing and zinc-free denture adhesives on different denture base resin materials at various intervals.Material and methods: Four groups of denture base resin materials (Acralyn H, Lucitone199- DB1, SR Ivocap-DB2, Polytray-DB3) were fabricated using different polymerization techniques. Each group had ten specimens. The control group consisted of resin cylinders coated with artificial saliva, while the test groups had denture adhesive applied between the test and control cylinders. Tensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine.Results: The tensile bond strength values of Fixodent with DBI &DB3 and DB2 &DB3 at 5 min (P < 0.01), 3 hours (P < 0.01), and 6 hours (P < 0.061 and P < 0.020) alongside with DB1 & DB2, DBI & DB3, and DB2 & DB3 at 12 hours (P < 0.01) were found to be statistically significant. The tensile bond strengths variations of Fittydent with DB1 & DB3 and DB2 & DB3 at 3 hours (P =0.013, P =0.012) and 6 hours (P < 0.01), and DB2 & DB3 at 12 hours (P=0.015), was statistically significant at 0.05 level.Conclusions: The zinc-containing and zinc-free denture adhesives exhibited a significant increase in tensile bond strength compared to the control group (artificial saliva) at all time intervals.

Clozapine (CLZ) has retained its clinical utility in the management of schizophrenia despite the discovery of novel antipsychotics, as it possesses unique efficacy in the setting of treatment resistant schizophrenia while causing minimal extrapyramidal symptoms. However, these benefits are offset by the risk of agranulocytosis and other side effects, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is routinely recommended for patients undergoing treatment with CLZ. A multitude of approaches for the quantification of CLZ have been developed for different settings such as TDM, quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms, and toxicology studies. Primarily, these approaches fall under one of three branches of analysis, namely, chromatography, electrochemical analysis, and spectrophotometry. This study provides a scoping review of the recent advances in the methods of quantification for CLZ and highlights the potential utility of novel methods in the field of drug quantification.

In purple bacteria, photosynthesis is performed by densely packed pigment-protein complexes, including the light-harvesting complexes known as RC-LH1 and LH2, with carotenoids to assist in the functioning of photosynthesis. Most photosynthetic bacteria are exposed to various abiotic stresses such as light, temperature, alkalinity–acidity, and salinity. Rhodobacter (R.) alkalitolerans was discovered from the alkaline pond; here, we report the comparative study of the photosynthetic apparatus of R. alkalitolerans in various light intensities in relation to its high pH tolerance ability. With increased light intensity, the stability of photosystem complexes decreased in normal pH (npH pH 6.80 ± 0.05) conditions, whereas in high pH (hpH pH 8.60 ± 0.05), acclimation was observed to high light. The content of bacteriochlorophyll a, absorbance spectra, and circular dichroism data shows that the integrity of photosystem complexes is less affected in hpH compared with npH conditions. Large pore blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of photosystem protein complexes and sucrose density gradient of n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside solubilized intracytoplasmic membranes show that LH2 is more affected in npH than in hpH, whereas RC-LH1 monomer or dimer has shown interplay between monomer and dimer in hpH, although the dimer and monomer both increased in npH. Increased content and expression level of ATPase protein complex and subunit—“c” of ATPase, fast relaxation kinetics of p515, and relatively higher membrane lipid content in hpH along with less photooxidative stress and subsequently lesser superoxide dismutase activity exemplify photoprotection in hpH. Furthermore, the increased expression levels of antiporter NhaD in hpH signify its role in the maintenance of homeostatic balance in hpH.

Summary: SAMHD1 is a dNTP triphosphohydrolase governing nucleotide pool homeostasis and can detoxify chemotherapy metabolites controlling their clinical responses. To understand SAMHD1 biology and investigate the potential of targeting SAMHD1 as neoadjuvant to current chemotherapies, we set out to discover selective small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we report a discovery pipeline encompassing a biochemical screening campaign and a set of complementary biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based readouts for rigorous characterization of the screen output. The identified small molecules, TH6342 and analogs, accompanied by inactive control TH7126, demonstrated specific, low μM potency against both physiological and oncology-drug-derived substrates. By coupling kinetic studies with thermal shift assays, we reveal the inhibitory mechanism of TH6342 and analogs, which engage pre-tetrameric SAMHD1 and deter oligomerization and allosteric activation without occupying nucleotide-binding pockets. Altogether, our study diversifies inhibitory modes against SAMHD1, and the discovery pipeline reported herein represents a thorough framework for future SAMHD1 inhibitor development.

This research proposes a new similarity measure on hesitancy fuzzy graphs. The similarity measures are crucial concepts to explore the closeness between fuzzy graphs. The available imprecise and inconsistent data were more effectively handled by fuzzy similarity measures and intuitionistic fuzzy similarity measures. With time in decision-making theory, a complex frame of the background that occurs cannot be specified entirely by these fuzzy graphs but generalized fuzzy graphs like the hesitancy fuzzy graph can handle such a situation efficiently. The applicability of Hesitancy Fuzzy Graph (HFG) attracted the researchers to generalize ranking order based on the working procedures I, II of Xu’s approach and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. For this purpose, we first define hesitancy fuzzy preference relations, Laplacian energy, and similarity measures in these HFG. The decision-making technique is then proposed in which a weighting technique is developed by building an optimal model based on the proposed Laplacian energy and similarity measure under a hesitancy fuzzy environment. This research studies the decision-making problem in which the preference information given by the experts takes the form of Hesitancy Fuzzy Preference Relations (HFPRs) and the information about experts’ weights are completely unknown. This research utilizes the hesitancy fuzzy weighted averaging operator to aggregate all individual HFPRs into a collective HFPR. Then, based on the degree of similarity between the individual HFPRs and the collective ones, we develop an approach to determine the experts’ weights. Moreover, based on HFPRs, in which the similarity measures between the collective preference relation and hesitancy fuzzy ideal solution are used to rank the given alternatives. We provide an illustrative numerical example to illustrate the mentioned approach and also we compare the aggregate results of the two techniques.

Merlin Thomas,1,2 Tasleem Raza,1– 3 Mansoor Hameed,1,2 Rohit Sharma,4 Rajalekshmi Maheswari Rajagopal,5 Aisha Hussain O Al Adab,1,2 Mushtaq Ahmad,1,2 Saibu George,2,3 Mousa Hussein,1 Jaweria Akram,3 Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim,6 Ali Ait Hssain,2,3 Muhammad Yousaf,2,7 Mohamad Yahya Khatib2,7 1Department of Chest, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar; 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar; 3Department of Medical Intensive Care, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA; 5Department of Medical Research Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; 6Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, Qatar University of Health, Doha, Qatar; 7Department of Chest, Hazm Mebaireekh General Hospital, Doha, QatarCorrespondence: Merlin Thomas, Department of Chest, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, P.O.Box 3050, Tel +97466875256, Email mmts1983@gmail.comPurpose: COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant number of critical care admissions secondary to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We evaluated the short-, medium- and long-term outcomes of lung function and quality of life in this prospective cohort study and reported the outcomes at 7 weeks and 3 months from discharge from intensive care unit.Methods: A prospective cohort study of ICU survivors with COVID-19 was conducted from August 2020 to May 2021 to evaluate baseline demographic and clinical variables as well as determine lung function, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using spirometry and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) conducted in accordance with American Thoracic Society standards, and SF-36 (Rand), respectively. SF-36 is a generic 36 question standardized health survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics (alpha = 0.05) were used to analyse the data.Results: At baseline, 100 participants were enrolled in the study of whom 76 followed up at 3 months. Majority of the patients were male (83%), Asians (84%) and less than 60 years of age (91%). HRQOL showed significant improvement in all domains of SF-36, except in emotional wellbeing. Spirometry variables also showed significant improvement in all variables over time with greatest improvement in percentage predicted Forced expiratory volume 1 (79% vs 88% p < 0.001). 6MWT showed significant improvement in variables of walk distance, dyspnea, and fatigue with greatest improvement in change in oxygen saturation (3% vs 1.44% p < 0.001). Intubation status did not impact the changes in SF-36, spirometry or 6MWT variables.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ICU survivors of COVID-19 have significant improvement in their lung function, exercise capacity and HRQOL within 3 months of ICU discharge regardless of intubation status.Keywords: COVID-19, lung function, exercise capacity, health related quality of life

We review the class of implicit algebraic constitutive relations for fluids which includes in its ambit those whose material properties depend on the invariants of the stress, the symmetric part of the velocity gradient, as well as their mixed invariants. Such constitutive relations can describe the response of complex fluids whose material properties depend on the mechanical pressure, shear rate, etc. The class of models under consideration can describe the non-monotone relationship between the shear stress and the shear rate observed in experiments on colloids, as well as other novel response characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids. Constitutive relations for power-law fluids, generalized Stokesian fluids and Piezo-viscous fluids are special sub-classes of the class of fluids considered herein.

Abstract The young African turquoise killifish has a high regenerative capacity, but loses it with advancing age, adopting several aspects of the limited form of mammalian regeneration. We deployed a proteomic strategy to identify pathways that underpin the loss of regenerative power caused by aging. Cellular senescence stood out as a potential brake on successful neurorepair. We applied the senolytic cocktail Dasatinib and Quercetin (D + Q) to test clearance of chronic senescent cells from the aged killifish central nervous system (CNS) as well as rebooting the neurogenic output. Our results show that the entire aged killifish telencephalon holds a very high senescent cell burden, including the parenchyma and the neurogenic niches, which could be diminished by a short-term, late-onset D + Q treatment. Reactive proliferation of non-glial progenitors increased substantially and lead to restorative neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury. Our results provide a cellular mechanism for age-related regeneration resilience and a proof-of-concept of a potential therapy to revive the neurogenic potential in an already aged or diseased CNS.

Abstract Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the central repeat and junction domain of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) have been studied extensively to guide malaria vaccine design compared to antibodies against the PfCSP C terminus. Here, we describe the molecular characteristics and protective potential of 73 germline and mutated human mAbs against the highly immunogenic PfCSP C‐terminal domain. Two mAbs recognized linear epitopes in the C‐terminal linker with sequence similarity to repeat and junction motifs, whereas all others targeted conformational epitopes in the α‐thrombospondin repeat (α‐TSR) domain. Specificity for the polymorphic Th2R/Th3R but not the conserved RII+/CS.T3 region in the α‐TSR was associated with IGHV3‐21/IGVL3‐21 or IGLV3‐1 gene usage. Although the C terminus specific mAbs showed signs of more efficient affinity maturation and class‐switching compared to anti‐repeat mAbs, live sporozoite binding and inhibitory activity was limited to a single C‐linker reactive mAb with cross‐reactivity to the central repeat and junction. The data provide novel insights in the human anti‐C‐linker and anti‐α‐TSR antibody response that support exclusion of the PfCSP C terminus from malaria vaccine designs.

Abstract The development of an effective and durable vaccine remains a central goal in the fight against malaria. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is the major surface protein of sporozoites and the target of the only licensed Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01. However, vaccine efficacy is low and short-lived, highlighting the need for a second-generation vaccine with superior efficacy and durability. Here, we report a Helicobacter pylori apoferritin-based nanoparticle immunogen that elicits strong B cell responses against PfCSP epitopes that are targeted by the most potent human monoclonal antibodies. Glycan engineering of the scaffold and fusion of an exogenous T cell epitope enhanced the anti-PfCSP B cell response eliciting strong, long-lived and protective humoral immunity in mice. Our study highlights the power of rational vaccine design to generate a highly efficacious second-generation anti-infective malaria vaccine candidate and provides the basis for its further development.

Renal coloboma syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that primarily affects kidney and eye development. It is also known as papillorenal syndrome. People with this condition typically have kidneys that are small and underdeveloped (hypodysplastic), which can lead to end-stage renal disease. It has been estimated that approximately 10% of children with hypoplastic kidneys may have renal coloboma syndrome. The eye anomalies consist of a wide and dysplastic optic disk with the emergence of the retinal vessels from the periphery of the disk, frequently called optic nerve coloboma.

Background: Sleep is a basic biological process and is essential for good physical well-being. Cognitive development and emotional functioning of a child also depend on good sleep quality. Adolescents tend to have poor sleep quality because of high academic pressure, excessive mobile phone screen time, interpersonal relationship etc. Adolescents with poor sleep are prone for depression, anxiety, inattention, substance abuse, impaired academic performance and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Sleep hygiene is an essential component of sleep, encompassing behavioural and environmental factors intended to promote healthy sleep. Good sleep hygiene is a predictor of sleep quality. There is a scanty knowledge and there are few studies done regarding sleep hygiene which would help to understand the factors responsible for poor sleep quality. So this study is done with the following objectives Objectives: 1) To assess quality of sleep among higher secondary school going students in Mandya city 2) To assess and correlate sleep hygiene practice with sleep quality. 3) To correlate the effect of internet addiction and sleep quality 4) To correlate the effect of Academic performance and sleep quality. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among school going students in two higher secondary schools in Mandya city between Oct 2023 to December 2023 using SQS scale, ASHS questionnaire, IAT score, APS score. Descriptive statistics like frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation has been used. Results: Mean SQS score, ASHS score, IAT total score, APS score were calculated. Correlation between SQS score and ASHS score and IAT score, APS score were done. Conclusion: More health education should be provided for the students regarding sleep hygiene, the screen time use reduction and its effects on sleep, academic performance also should be explained.