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2. Double Auctions: Formalization and Automated Checkers

Author

Garg, Mohit, Raja, N., Sarswat, Suneel, and Singh, Abhishek Kr

Subjects
Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, Quantitative Finance - Trading and Market Microstructure, F.3.1, K.4.4
Abstract

Double auctions are widely used in financial markets, such as those for stocks, derivatives, currencies, and commodities, to match demand and supply. Once all buyers and sellers have placed their trade requests, the exchange determines how these requests are to be matched. The two most common objectives for determining the matching are maximizing trade volume at a uniform price and maximizing trade volume through dynamic pricing. Prior research has primarily focused on single-quantity trade requests. In this work, we extend the framework to handle multiple-quantity trade requests and present fully formalized matching algorithms for double auctions, along with their correctness proofs. We establish new uniqueness theorems, enabling automatic detection of violations in exchange systems by comparing their output to that of a verified program. All proofs are formalized in the Coq Proof Assistant, and we extract verified OCaml and Haskell programs that could serve as a resource for exchanges and market regulators. We demonstrate the practical applicability of our work by running the verified program on real market data from an exchange to automatically check for violations in the exchange algorithm., Comment: 23 pages, Preliminary version of this work was published in ITP 2021

Published
2024

11. Tribology of Spray Formed Aluminium-Based Materials

Author

Raja, N., Gautam, G., Maurya, S. K., Sharma, A., Singh, S., Singh, A. K., Pandey, R., Ghosh, Arindam, Series Editor, Chua, Daniel, Series Editor, de Souza, Flavio Leandro, Series Editor, Aktas, Oral Cenk, Series Editor, Han, Yafang, Series Editor, Gong, Jianghong, Series Editor, Jawaid, Mohammad, Series Editor, Krupanidhi, Saluru Baba, editor, Sharma, Anjali, editor, Singh, Anjani Kumar, editor, and Tuli, Vinita, editor

Published
2024
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13. Differentiable Microscopy Designs an All Optical Phase Retrieval Microscope

Author

Herath, Kithmini, Haputhanthri, Udith, Hettiarachchi, Ramith, Kariyawasam, Hasindu, Ahmad, Raja N., Ahmad, Azeem, Ahluwalia, Balpreet S., Edussooriya, Chamira U. S., and Wadduwage, Dushan N.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

Since the late 16th century, scientists have continuously innovated and developed new microscope types for various applications. Creating a new architecture from the ground up requires substantial scientific expertise and creativity, often spanning years or even decades. In this study, we propose an alternative approach called "Differentiable Microscopy," which introduces a top-down design paradigm for optical microscopes. Using all-optical phase retrieval as an illustrative example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of data-driven microscopy design through $\partial\mu$. Furthermore, we conduct comprehensive comparisons with competing methods, showcasing the consistent superiority of our learned designs across multiple datasets, including biological samples. To substantiate our ideas, we experimentally validate the functionality of one of the learned designs, providing a proof of concept. The proposed differentiable microscopy framework supplements the creative process of designing new optical systems and would perhaps lead to unconventional but better optical designs.

Published
2022

15. Tuning bandgap and controlling oxygen vacancy in BiFeO3 via Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 substitution for enhanced bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic response in Al/BFO–BFN/Ag solar cell.

Author

Venkidu, L., Raja, N., Venkidu, Vasundharadevi, and Sundarakannan, B.

Subjects
*FERROELECTRIC devices, *OXYGEN reduction, *SOLAR cells, *HYSTERESIS, *SYNCHROTRONS, *PHOTOVOLTAIC effect, *CHARGE carriers
Abstract

The generation of above-bandgap photovoltage, referred to as the anomalous photovoltaic effect (APV), is an extraordinary characteristic sought after property in bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic devices. Despite the fact that the relatively narrow bandgap of BiFeO3 (BFO) (2.7 eV) induces a comparatively larger generation of photocurrent than other ferroelectric photovoltaic, it falls short in producing an anomalous photovoltage (Eg ≪ Voc) and exhibits leaky ferroelectric hysteresis due to unavoidable oxygen vacancies. This work revealed a reduction in oxygen vacancies through the substitution of Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 in BFO, leading to improved structural, morphological, synchrotron XPS, and electrical properties. This reduction in oxygen vacancies has resulted in an impressive above-bandgap photovoltage (APV) of 4.41 V for 80BFO–20BFN with greater ferroelectric polarization (Pr = 20.45 μC/cm2) observed at the co-existence of polar and non-polar phases. Moreover, both theoretical and experimental optical analyses have demonstrated a significant decrease in the bandgap to 1.92 eV, effectively extending the visible region close to 653 nm. As a result, a larger population of photoexcited charge carriers is generated, enabling the attainment of a high current density (Jsc) of 0.75 μA/cm2 under 100 mW/cm2 light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Antenatal Care Services Utilization among the Antenatal and Postnatal Women in a Rural Area of South India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Sabari Raja N, Deepan Chakravarthi V, Ashwini Madeshan, and Gracy Paulin Dharmalingam

Subjects
facilities and services utilization, india, pregnant women, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Introduction: Timely and quality antenatal care is a crucial determinant towards the prevention of maternal mortality, which is a significant developmental goal for developing countries, which contributes to more than 99% of maternal deaths worldwide. However, the lack of equitable access to quality ANC is a major challenge in resource-limited settings, particularly in developing countries like India. Objectives: To assess the utilization rates of antenatal care services among antenatal women and postnatal women and to determine the factors responsible forunder or non-utilization of antenatal care services (ANC). Method: The present study was conducted for a period offour months among antenatal and postnatal women in a rural area of South India. All antenatal and postnatal women except those who were not willing to participate and those who had MTP/abortion during the present pregnancy were included for the study. A pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used for collecting information regarding ANC utilization. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 175 (125 antenatal and 50 postnatal) women were interviewed. Among them, 90.3% (92% antenatal and 86% postnatal) women had completely utilized ANC services. Among the postnatal women, those who had completely utilized ANC services, 11.6% had complications at the time of their delivery and those who had incompletely utilized ANC services, 57.1% had complications.The difference was found to be statistically significant (p

Published
2023
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19. Isospin Symmetry Breaking in Atomic Nuclei

Author

Javid A. Sheikh, Syed P. Rouoof, Raja N. Ali, Niyaz Rather, Chandan Sarma, and Praveen C. Srivastava

Subjects
shell model, density functional theory, isospin symmetry, charge symmetry breaking, isobaric analog states, isobaric mass multiplet equation, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

In this paper, the importance of isospin symmetry and its breaking in elucidating the properties of atomic nuclei is reviewed. The quark mass splitting and the electromagnetic origin of the isospin symmetry breaking (ISB) for the nuclear many-body problem is discussed. The experimental data on isobaric analogue states cannot be described only with the Coulomb interaction, and ISB terms in the nucleon–nucleon interaction are needed to discern the observed properties. In the present work, the ISB terms are explicitly considered in nuclear energy density functional and spherical shell model approaches, and a detailed investigation of the analogue states and other properties of nuclei is performed. It is observed that isospin mixing is largest for the N = Z system in the density functional approach

Published
2024
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21. Harmony-Search and Otsu based System for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Detection using Lung CT Scan Images

Author

Rajinikanth, V., Dey, Nilanjan, Raj, Alex Noel Joseph, Hassanien, Aboul Ella, Santosh, K. C., and Raja, N. Sri Madhava

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Pneumonia is one of the foremost lung diseases and untreated pneumonia will lead to serious threats for all age groups. The proposed work aims to extract and evaluate the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused pneumonia infection in lung using CT scans. We propose an image-assisted system to extract COVID-19 infected sections from lung CT scans (coronal view). It includes following steps: (i) Threshold filter to extract the lung region by eliminating possible artifacts; (ii) Image enhancement using Harmony-Search-Optimization and Otsu thresholding; (iii) Image segmentation to extract infected region(s); and (iv) Region-of-interest (ROI) extraction (features) from binary image to compute level of severity. The features that are extracted from ROI are then employed to identify the pixel ratio between the lung and infection sections to identify infection level of severity. The primary objective of the tool is to assist the pulmonologist not only to detect but also to help plan treatment process. As a consequence, for mass screening processing, it will help prevent diagnostic burden., Comment: 13 pages

Published
2020

22. Threshold Voltage variation with respect to Gate geometry in Nano-scale MOSFETS

Author

Mir, Raja N

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The tremendous progress in Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) technology has been a direct consequence of device scaling for past several decades. But as we have entered the nanometer era many problems related to leakage currents and other issues related to variability impacting the yield are of concern. Herein we have investigated how the change in the Fin Architecture and Gate Length of the MOS device impacts the Threshold Voltage.

Published
2019

23. Electron Transport Through 2D Waveguide Using QTBM

Author

Mir, Raja N. and Frensley, William R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Simulation of Electron Transport through two dimensional(2D) waveguide using Quantum Transport Boundary Method (QTBM) is done. Specifically, as an example the results of modeling L-shaped contact for a rectangular waveguide are presented. 2D-QTBM approach can be used in any scenario where the vertical axis of the device structure is significantly large and therefore the 2D approximation would be considered valid. This method elegantly generalizes to arbitrary shaped waveguides., Comment: 4 Pages

Published
2019

29. Remote Credential Management with Mutual Attestation for Trusted Execution Environments

Author

Shepherd, Carlton, Akram, Raja N., and Markantonakis, Konstantinos

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are rapidly emerging as a root-of-trust for protecting sensitive applications and data using hardware-backed isolated worlds of execution. TEEs provide robust assurances regarding critical algorithm execution, tamper-resistant credential storage, and platform integrity using remote attestation. However, the challenge of remotely managing credentials between TEEs remains largely unaddressed in existing literature. In this work, we present novel protocols using mutual attestation for supporting four aspects of secure remote credential management with TEEs: backups, updates, migration, and revocation. The proposed protocols are agnostic to the underlying TEE implementation and subjected to formal verification using Scyther, which found no attacks., Comment: Accepted to 12th IFIP International Conference on Information Security Theory and Practice (WISTP '18)

Published
2018

30. Importance of phonon contribution to the free migration energy of the O vacancy in BaZrO3

Author

Raja, N., Murali, D., Posselt, M., and Satyanarayana, S. V. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

BaZrO3 exhibits excellent proton conductivity and good high-temperature stability. It is therefore a promising electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells. The stability of BaZrO3 at high temperatures is generally explained by the low diffusivity of the O vacancy. Present first-principle Density-Functional-Theory calculations show that the slow migration of the doubly positively charged O vacancy at high temperature cannot be solely caused by the ground-state migration energy but by the contribution of phonon excitations to the free migration energy. With increasing temperature, the effective barrier for oxygen vacancy migration increases. At about 1000K, which is the operating temperature of fuel cells, the calculated O vacancy diffusivity is more than one order of magnitude lower than that determined using solely the ground-state migration barrier. The calculated diffusivity data agree well with experimental results from literature. The present work reveals that the high-temperature stability of BaZrO3 is mainly due to the phonon contribution to the free migration energy of the O vacancy.

Published
2017

31. RSA Algorithm Using Performance Analysis of Steganography Techniques in Network Security

Author

Sundaram, B. Barani, Kannaiya Raja, N., Sreenivas, Nune, Mishra, Manish Kumar, Pattanaik, Balachandra, Karthika, P., Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Bindhu, V., editor, Tavares, João Manuel R. S., editor, Boulogeorgos, Alexandros-Apostolos A., editor, and Vuppalapati, Chandrasekar, editor

Published
2021
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32. Numerical Study on Sonic Underexpanded Co-flowing Jet with Varying Separation Distance

Author

Naren Shankar, R., Sathish Kumar, K., Dilip Raja, N., Sumendran, J., Raj, Nishant Kumar, Yadav, Purushottam Kumar, Smruthi, S., Gosain, Krishna Kumar, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Series Editor, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Kwon, Young W., Series Editor, Trojanowska, Justyna, Series Editor, Gascoin, Nicolas, editor, and Balasubramanian, E., editor

Published
2021
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33. Numerical Study on Supersonic Co-flowing Jet with Varying Lip Thickness

Author

Naren Shankar, R., Sathish Kumar, K., Dilip Raja, N., Shekar, Kamal Raj Chandra, Raj, Nishant Kumar, Gupta, Dipranjan, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Series Editor, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Kwon, Young W., Series Editor, Trojanowska, Justyna, Series Editor, Gascoin, Nicolas, editor, and Balasubramanian, E., editor

Published
2021
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34. An Automated Person Authentication System with Photo to Sketch Matching Technique

Author

Resmi, P., Reshika, R., Sri Madhava Raja, N., Arunmozhi, S., Rao, Vaddi Seshagiri, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, editor, Zhang, Yu-Dong, editor, Bhateja, Vikrant, editor, and Majhi, Ritanjali, editor

Published
2021
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35. Extraction of Cancer Section from 2D Breast MRI Slice Using Brain Strom Optimization

Author

Elanthirayan, R., Sakeenathul Kubra, K., Rajinikanth, V., Sri Madhava Raja, N., Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, editor, Zhang, Yu-Dong, editor, Bhateja, Vikrant, editor, and Majhi, Ritanjali, editor

Published
2021
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36. Inspection of 2D Brain MRI Slice Using Watershed Algorithm

Author

Hariharan, D., Hemachandar, S., Sri Madhava Raja, N., Lin, Hong, Sundaravadivu, K., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, editor, Zhang, Yu-Dong, editor, Bhateja, Vikrant, editor, and Majhi, Ritanjali, editor

Published
2021
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37. Segmentation and Assessment of Leukocytes Using Entropy-Based Procedure

Author

Manasi, S., Ramyaa, M., Sri Madhava Raja, N., Arunmozhi, S., Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, editor, Zhang, Yu-Dong, editor, Bhateja, Vikrant, editor, and Majhi, Ritanjali, editor

Published
2021
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38. Examination of the Brain MRI Slices Corrupted with Induced Noise—A Study with SGO Algorithm

Author

Pavidraa, R., Preethi, R., Sri Madhava Raja, N., Tamizharasi, P., Parvatha Varthini, B., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, editor, Zhang, Yu-Dong, editor, Bhateja, Vikrant, editor, and Majhi, Ritanjali, editor

Published
2021
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40. Genetic studies in Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadam) tree species

Author

Devanand, PS, primary, Vijayan, R, additional, Sivakumar, B, additional, Sivakumar, K, additional, Raja, N, additional, Hemaprabha, K, additional, Sujatha, KB, additional, Raj, K Nelson Navamani, additional, Utharasu, S, additional, Kumar, P, additional, Revathi, R, additional, and Parthiban, KT, additional

Published
2024
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45. The relationship between the high-risk disordered eating and social network navigation among Saudi college females during the COVID pandemic

Author

Alotaibi Abdulaziz Raja N, Nermin A. Osman, Abdullah Muidh Alqethami, and Nesrin Kamal Abd El-Fatah

Subjects
Saudi Arabia, college, social network navigation, high-risk disordered eating, female, social media, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundDisordered eating behaviors (DEBs) are complex health issues that may lead to negative physical and mental health outcomes among college students. More studies should be directed toward the screening of DEBs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DEBs among Saudi female university students and their association with social networking site (SNSs) usage and composite lifestyle behaviors during the unprecedented period of COVID-19.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 445 females recruited using stratified random sampling. The participants self-reported demographic, social, medical, and lifestyle data and completed the validated Arabic version of the Eating Attitudes Test-26, Social Networking Sites (SNSs) Usage Questionnaire, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Body Shape Questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of DEBs was 27.2% among the female students at Taif University. From the pre-pandemic period until the current time, the DEBs-risk group had a significantly higher SNS navigation rate (36.4%) than the normal group (20.4%) (X2 = 30.015, p = 0.001). The regression analysis revealed that females with a significant body image concern, higher number of SNSs friends, and frequent visits to SNSs, and those seeking social-dependent information in relation to weight loss/dieting were more likely to develop DEBs (Overall Model: Chi-Square X2 = 158.071, p < 0.000**).ConclusionsSNSs usage and DEBs were associated during the COVID-pandemic. However, the composite lifestyle score did not demonstrate a significant association with DEBs among the female students at Taif University. Investigating the magnitude of DEBs and understanding the role of SNS are essential for preventing disordered eating among young females.

Published
2022
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