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13. Interrater Reliability of Motor Optimality Score of General Movement Assessment

Author

Tanochni Mohanty, Lokesh Saini, Murthy Srinivasa Doreswamy, and Raja Kavitha

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract

Objective: The Prechtl’s general movement assessment (GMA) has been established as the most valid tool in early detection of cerebral palsy. GMA is based on a global gestalt perception and it involves the individual’s judgement for assessment. Interobserver variability can affect the results and has cascading effects on the child’s prognosis. The objective of the present study is to establish interobserver agreement between a novice rater and an expert. Study Design: Video recordings of 50 infants (corrected gestational age 29 weeks to post term age 20 weeks) were assessed by the 2 raters. Raters used an interactive process to interpret terms used in GMA and technical aspects of recording as a preliminary study. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa statistics were utilized to assess the reliability. Results: Interobserver agreement in the assessment of the total “motor optimality score” was excellent between both the raters, as ICC was 0.96. Good-to-high interobserver reliability was found in the assessment of “fidgety movements” (Cohen’s kappa 0.727). Conclusion: Interobserver reliability between a novice rater and an expert was excellent for total motor optimality score in all age groups (preterm, writhing, and fidgety).

Published
2022

14. Evaluation of Anticancer, Antibacterial and Haemolytic Activities of Crude Mucus from Marine Catfish Tachysurus Dussumieri

Author

Jayakumar Tharun, Padmanaban Deepakrajasekar, Raja Kavitha, Sahayanathan Gracy Jenifer, Neelan Kathirvel, and C. Arulvasu

Subjects
General Engineering, Tachysurus dussumieri, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Zoology, Biology, Mucus, General Environmental Science, Catfish
Abstract

Marine organisms are one of the diverse groups of animals that are highly specialized for their aquatic existence. The skin mucus share protective activities against environment that are rich in infectious agents. The current study aims to analyses the anticancer, antibacterial and haemolytic properties of crude epidermal mucus from marine catfish Tachysurus dussumieri. Cell viability and Cytotoxcity was assessed by MTT method on HT 29 (human colon carcinoma) and Vero (kidney epithelial cells of African Green Monkey) cell line. In Vero up to 1000 µg/ml of crude mucus shows cell viability of 80% and hence mucus concentration for treatment of HT 29 cells was fixed between100 to 1000 µg/ml. The proliferation inhibition on HT 29 at a concentration of 400µg/ml mucus from T. dussumieri at 24 h. Cellular and nuclear morphological variations was observed in different concentration of mucus, followed by DNA fragmentation to confirm the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, mucus sample was tested against Gram positive and negative bacteria, The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in S. aureus (15.61 ± 0.7 mm), followed by B. subtilis (8.32 ± 0.32 mm) and E. coli (8.14 ± 0.08 mm). Interestingly mucus from T. dussumieri showed haemolytic activity on different blood samples of goat, rat, sheep, buffalo, rabbit , cow, hen and human. Mucus showed maximum haemolytic activity against goat, rat, sheep and buffalo when compared to other RBCs. All these results showed that the epidermal mucus has more efficacy on therapeutic application in near future..

Published
2022

33. In vitroAnticancer and Antioxidant Activity of Partially Purified Poly-saccharides from Marine Bivalves Against Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines (A549 and NCI-H460)

Author

Padmanaban, Deepakrajasekar, Samuel, Angeline, Xavier, Immanuel aghil, Ulaganathan, Indhumathi, Sahayanathan, Gracy Jenifer, Raja, Kavitha, and Chinnasamy, Arulvasu

Abstract

AbstractMarine-derived bioactive polysaccharide have aroused extensive attention because of their potential nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Polysaccharides from marine molluscs have high potential as promising candidates for drug development. In this study, partially purified polysaccharide from various bivalve species were investigated for its bioactivity. Enzyme assisted extraction technique was applied for polysaccharide extraction from marine bivalves. Five papain released crude polysaccharide extracts were prepared from four clams (Donax variabilis, Donax incarnatus, Donax cuneatus, Sunetta scripta) and one mussel (Perna viridis). Initially, all five species were subjected to biochemical and proximate analyses. Five distinct partially purified polysaccharide extracts were tested in vitrofor antioxidant and anticancer properties. The cytotoxicity and cell viability of five marine bivalve extracts was investigated in normal (Vero) and two lung cancer cell lines (lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and lung large cell carcinoma (NCI-H460)). In the performed antioxidant assays, almost all the polysaccharide extracts showed strong antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. Likewise, all the five polysaccharide extracts showed significant inhibitory effects on growth of human lung cancer cells. In particular, polysaccharide from clam Donax variabilisshowed high activity in the growth inhibition of both non-small cell lung cancers. This research can be considered as the foundation for the development of a new marine-derived drug whose biological activity can be assessed by further purification and characterization of the active bio-compound.

Published
2022
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37. Energy Expenditure Index as a measure of efficiency of walking on outdoor uneven surface in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Author

Gupta, Saumen and Raja, Kavitha

Subjects
*ENERGY metabolism, *EXERCISE tests, *STATISTICS, *STATISTICAL reliability, *ANALYSIS of variance, *RESEARCH methodology evaluation, *RESEARCH methodology, *OXYGEN consumption, *WALKING, *RESEARCH funding, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *HEART beat, *CEREBRAL palsy, *FRIEDMAN test (Statistics), *DATA analysis software, *DATA analysis, *LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH evaluation
Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to validate and report responsiveness of Energy Expenditure Index (EEI) during walking on outdoor uneven surface in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Eighty ambulant children with spastic diplegia (Gross Motor Function Classification System II & III) aged between six and 18 years and 58 age matched typically developing children were recruited for ascertaining reliability and validation of EEI during outdoor walking. Responsiveness of EEI was ascertained using anchor-based approach using Functional Mobility Scale in 29 children with CP who were recruited for surgical intervention. Results: EEI had acceptable test–retest reliability and agreement in both typically developing and children with CP. Friedman's analysis of variance of 29 children with CP showed a significant difference in EEI (χ2 = 10.15, p = 0.006), Functional Mobility Scale – 50 m (χ2=18.77, p = 0.000) and 500 m (χ2 = 40.19, p = 0.000) scores at 6 and 12 months when compared with baseline. The minimal clinical important difference of EEI during walking on uneven outdoor surface with a concomitant change in functional mobility scale (500 m) at 6 and 12 months was 0.29 and 0.37 beats/m, respectively. Conclusions: EEI during walking on outdoor uneven surface is a stable, valid and reliable measure of energy efficiency in individuals with CP and is responsive to orthopedic intervention in CP. Energy Expenditure Index during outdoor walking on uneven surface is a valid, reliable and responsive outcome measure for documenting changes in walking efficiency to post-surgical interventions employed to improve walking in individuals with cerebral palsy. Rehabilitation professionals should document the efficiency during outdoor walking on all the post-operative visits. Energy Expenditure Index during outdoor walking can serve as surveillance tool for deterioration in outdoor walking ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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39. USE OF LABAN/BARTENIEFF MOVEMENT STUDIES TO PROFILE NEONATAL MOVEMENTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY.

Author

RAHMAN, MANSOOR and RAJA, KAVITHA

Subjects
HUMAN mechanics, LABANOTATION, NEURAL development, NEWBORN infants, FEASIBILITY studies
Abstract

Background. Monitoring body movements in neonates can have important clinical implications, as these are early predictors of neurodevelopmental disability. The most valid analysis method applied for this purpose is general movement assessment (GMA). Purpose. Performing GMA requires special training, which is often inaccessible to healthcare providers in low- and middleincome countries. Hence, this prospective exploratory study was proposed to profile movement in typical neonates to distinguish it from abnormal movements using Laban/Bartenieff Movement Studies (LBMS) framework, which has been widely used to analyse movement in a variety of situations. Methods. Overall, 8 typical neonates were videotaped and 10 cycles of movements were sampled, which resulted in 80 units. Data saturation occurred at 5 children. Results. The results obtained are consistent when described using LBMS language. Conclusions. LBMS may be a feasible and viable method to interpret and document movement patterns in neonates as an alternative to other, more resource-intensive methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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43. Simultaneous determination of azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma using solid phase extraction-evaporation and liquid chromatography–positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Author

Kothamasu Pavan Kumar, Jegadeesh Raja Kavitha, Thangavel Sivakumar, and Mokkaisamy Jegadeesh Raja

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Electrospray, Chromatography, chemistry, Metabolite, Extraction (chemistry), Selected reaction monitoring, Solid phase extraction, Tandem mass spectrometry, Mass spectrometry, Ammonium acetate
Abstract

A simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma by using lamivudine and 6-mercaptopurine D3 as the internal standard. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine were extracted from human plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE)-Evaporation method, using Oasis MCX cartridge for cleaning procedure. The stationary phase was chromatographed on a ZORBAX SB CN, (75X50 mm, 5 µ) column where as mobile phase constitutes of acetonitrile: 2mM ammonium acetate (70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.800 ml/min. The detection was performed with an Applied Biosystems Sciex API 4000 mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method validation proofs were carried out as per the USFDA guidelines as described, showing a linearity system (r2 > 0.99) over a range of 2.455 ng/mL to 106.568 ng/mL for azathioprine and 1.165 ng/mL to 101.143 ng/mL concentrations for 6-mercaptopurine and a recovery shows 99.36% and 100.44% for azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine respectively. The results show that this proposed approach is effective and can be applied to the extraction and analysis of other pharmaceutical compounds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12059 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 342-352

Published
2012

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