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2. Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh : Opportunities and challenges

Author

Haque, Rehnuma, Moe, Christine L., Raj, Suraja J., Ong, Li, Charles, Katrina, Ross, Allen G., Shirin, Tahmina, Raqib, Rubhana, Sarker, Protim, Rahman, Mahbubur, Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, Amin, Nuhu, Mahmud, Zahid Hayat, Johnston, Dara, Akter, Nargis, Khan, Taqsem A., Hossain, Md Alamgir, Hasan, Rezaul, Islam, M. Tahmidul, Bhattacharya, Prosun, Haque, Rehnuma, Moe, Christine L., Raj, Suraja J., Ong, Li, Charles, Katrina, Ross, Allen G., Shirin, Tahmina, Raqib, Rubhana, Sarker, Protim, Rahman, Mahbubur, Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, Amin, Nuhu, Mahmud, Zahid Hayat, Johnston, Dara, Akter, Nargis, Khan, Taqsem A., Hossain, Md Alamgir, Hasan, Rezaul, Islam, M. Tahmidul, and Bhattacharya, Prosun

Abstract

The ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health crisis of global concern. The progression of the COVID-19 pandemic has been monitored in the first place by testing symptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 virus in the respiratory samples. Concurrently, wastewater carries feces, urine, and sputum that potentially contains SARS-CoV-2 intact virus or partially damaged viral genetic materials excreted by infected individuals. This brings significant opportunities for understanding the infection dynamics by environmental surveillance. It has advantages for the country, especially in densely populated areas where individual clinical testing is difficult. However, there are several challenges including: 1) establishing a sampling plan and schedule that is representative of the various catchment populations 2) development and validation of standardized protocols for the laboratory analysis 3) understanding hydraulic flows and virus transport in complex wastewater drainage systems and 4) collaborative efforts from government agencies, NGOs, public health units and academia., QC 20220602

Published
2022
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3. Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh: Opportunities and challenges

Author

Haque, Rehnuma, primary, Moe, Christine L., additional, Raj, Suraja J., additional, Ong, Li, additional, Charles, Katrina, additional, Ross, Allen G., additional, Shirin, Tahmina, additional, Raqib, Rubhana, additional, Sarker, Protim, additional, Rahman, Mahbubur, additional, Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, additional, Amin, Nuhu, additional, Mahmud, Zahid Hayat, additional, Johnston, Dara, additional, Akter, Nargis, additional, Khan, Taqsem A., additional, Hossain, Md. Alamgir, additional, Hasan, Rezaul, additional, Islam, M. Tahmidul, additional, and Bhattacharya, Prosun, additional

Published
2022
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4. Quantitative assessment of exposure to fecal contamination in urban environment across nine cities in low-income and lower-middle-income countries and a city in the United States

Author

Wang, Yuke, primary, Mairinger, Wolfgang, additional, Raj, Suraja J., additional, Yakubu, Habib, additional, Siesel, Casey, additional, Green, Jamie, additional, Durry, Sarah, additional, Joseph, George, additional, Rahman, Mahbubur, additional, Amin, Nuhu, additional, Hassan, Md. Zahidul, additional, Wicken, James, additional, Dourng, Dany, additional, Larbi, Eugene, additional, Adomako, Lady Asantewa B., additional, Senayah, Ato Kwamena, additional, Doe, Benjamin, additional, Buamah, Richard, additional, Tetteh-Nortey, Joshua Nii Noye, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Karthikeyan, Arun, additional, Roy, Sheela, additional, Brown, Joe, additional, Muneme, Bacelar, additional, Sene, Seydina O., additional, Tuffuor, Benedict, additional, Mugambe, Richard K., additional, Bateganya, Najib Lukooya, additional, Surridge, Trevor, additional, Ndashe, Grace Mwanza, additional, Ndashe, Kunda, additional, Ban, Radu, additional, Schrecongost, Alyse, additional, and Moe, Christine L., additional

Published
2022
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5. Evaluation of Low-Cost Phage-Based Microbial Source Tracking Tools for Elucidating Human Fecal Contamination Pathways in Kolkata, India

Author

Kapoor, Renuka, primary, Ebdon, James, additional, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, additional, Chowdhury, Goutam, additional, Wang, Yuke, additional, Raj, Suraja J., additional, Siesel, Casey, additional, Durry, Sarah E., additional, Mairinger, Wolfgang, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Asish K., additional, Kanungo, Suman, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, and Moe, Christine L., additional

Published
2021
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6. The SaniPath Exposure Assessment Tool: A quantitative approach for assessing exposure to fecal contamination through multiple pathways in low resource urban settlements

Author

Raj, Suraja J., primary, Wang, Yuke, additional, Yakubu, Habib, additional, Robb, Katharine, additional, Siesel, Casey, additional, Green, Jamie, additional, Kirby, Amy, additional, Mairinger, Wolfgang, additional, Michiel, James, additional, Null, Clair, additional, Perez, Eddy, additional, Roguski, Katherine, additional, and Moe, Christine L., additional

Published
2020
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7. Multipathway Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Fecal Contamination for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Environments in Accra, Ghana: The SaniPath Analytical Approach

Author

Wang, Yuke, Moe, Christine L, Null, Clair, Raj, Suraja J, Baker, Kelly K, Robb, Katharine A, Yakubu, Habib, Ampofo, Joseph A, Wellington, Nii, Freeman, Matthew C, Armah, George, Reese, Heather E, Peprah, Dorothy, and Teunis, Peter F M

Subjects
Male, Feces, Residence Characteristics, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Bayes Theorem, Female, Food Contamination, Environmental Exposure, Ghana, Poverty, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Lack of adequate sanitation results in fecal contamination of the environment and poses a risk of disease transmission via multiple exposure pathways. To better understand how eight different sources contribute to overall exposure to fecal contamination, we quantified exposure through multiple pathways for children under 5 years old in four high-density, low-income, urban neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. We collected more than 500 hours of structured observation of behaviors of 156 children, 800 household surveys, and 1,855 environmental samples. Data were analyzed using Bayesian models, estimating the environmental and behavioral factors associated with exposure to fecal contamination. These estimates were applied in exposure models simulating sequences of behaviors and transfers of fecal indicators. This approach allows us to identify the contribution of any sources of fecal contamination in the environment to child exposure and use dynamic fecal microbe transfer networks to track fecal indicators from the environment to oral ingestion. The contributions of different sources to exposure were categorized into four types (high/low by dose and frequency), as a basis for ranking pathways by the potential to reduce exposure. Although we observed variation in estimated exposure (108-1016 CFU/day for Escherichia coli) between different age groups and neighborhoods, the greatest contribution was consistently from food (contributing > 99.9% to total exposure). Hands played a pivotal role in fecal microbe transfer, linking environmental sources to oral ingestion. The fecal microbe transfer network constructed here provides a systematic approach to study the complex interaction between contaminated environment and human behavior on exposure to fecal contamination.

Published
2018

8. Multipathway Quantitative Assessment of Exposure to Fecal Contamination for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Environments in Accra, Ghana: The SaniPath Analytical Approach

Author

Wang, Yuke, primary, Moe, Christine L., additional, Null, Clair, additional, Raj, Suraja J., additional, Baker, Kelly K., additional, Robb, Katharine A., additional, Yakubu, Habib, additional, Ampofo, Joseph A., additional, Wellington, Nii, additional, Freeman, Matthew C., additional, Armah, George, additional, Reese, Heather E., additional, Peprah, Dorothy, additional, and Teunis, Peter F. M., additional

Published
2017
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