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Diabetes is known to cause an array of central and peripheral neurological conditions. Among the neuropathic complications associated with diabetes are distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, amyotrophy, polyradiculopathy, autonomic neuropathy, and cranial mononeuropathies. Notably, brachial plexopathy has not been documented as a complication of diabetes. A 50-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus presented with severe pain and progressive weakness in his right upper limb. Laboratory investigations, immunopathological analyses, and cerebrospinal fluid examination yielded normal results. The electrodiagnosis and imaging studies were consistent with bilateral brachial plexus neuritis. This unique presentation does not align with the rare diabetic polyradiculopathy of the upper limbs commonly linked to diabetic amyotrophy. The association between diabetes mellitus and brachial plexopathy is uncommon, indicating a possible occurrence of a rare subtype within diabetic neuropathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiome is being frequently acknowledged for its impact on intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions, notably cancer. Here, diet is the most extensively researched modulator of gut microbiota among various environmental factors, demonstrating the ability to enrich its diversity and composition. Recent insights from clinical and preclinical trials emphasize the reciprocal influence between gut microbiota and anticancer therapies, impacting treatment responses and mitigating associated toxicities. Understanding these intricate connections is pivotal, given the potential of the gut microbiota to enhance the efficacy of existing chemotherapeutic agents while reducing their adverse effects. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, employing keywords like "gut microbiome," "cancer therapy," "chemotherapy," "diet," and "microbial fermentation." Thus, this review seeks to examine the interplay between the gut microbiome and cancer therapies, while also delving into nutritional strategies that can modulate the gut microbiome to improve cancer treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The side effect of Parkinsonism due to chlorpromazine emerged three years after its approval for public use, leading to the understanding that conventional anti-psychotics could induce various Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS). Drug-Induced Parkinsonism (DIP) generally surfaces within days to weeks, but rare instances present delayed onset. Case Presentation: We present a case involving a 28-year-old male exhibiting drug-induced Parkinsonism triggered by a chlorpromazine-based regimen, three months following its initiation. Subsequent symptom relief was observed post-discontinuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effects of alcohol are complexly interlinked with the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Given that both epilepsy and alcohol have a significant detrimental impact on the brain; it is essential to investigate alcohol's causative involvement as an independent risk factor for epilepsy. Thus, the study aimed to quantify alcohol as an etiologic factor of epilepsy and find its prevalence in the study population. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the general medicine wards of a tertiary care teaching hospital for six months. A total of 111 epileptic inpatients of both genders, above 18 years of age were included in the study. The Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to carry out a statistical analysis of the data. Results: The study comprised 111 epileptic patients. A strong association between alcohol consumption with a new onset of seizures was found (p<0.05, V=0.54). The prevalence of alcohol-related seizures was found to be 24.32%. Our statistical analysis also indicated that the new onset of seizure was significantly associated with alcohol consumption in the group of patients with co-morbidities (p<0.05, V=0.28). The study found that alcoholism was strongly associated with the precipitation of seizures and that alcohol-related seizure is prevalent in our study population. Conclusion: By considering the new onset of seizures as a serious adverse consequence of alcoholism, we are provided with an opportunity to counsel these patients on alcohol dependence while striving to optimize permanent pharmacological treatment to prevent further seizures. The prevention of more seizures should not take precedence over the treatment of alcohol dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), also known as Lyell's syndrome, is a rare but severe connective tissue condition that is a common cause of substantial skin damage as well as mucous membrane breakdown. This condition is distinguished by the detachment of the epidermis presenting as blisters and denuded skin areas along with erythema. Supportive care is typically the mainstay in the primary treatment of TEN. The effectiveness of systemic steroids remains uncertain due to the limited availability of studies that directly compare the utility of these therapeutic approaches. Here, we report a case where TEN was successfully treated with dexamethasone. Case Presentation: We present a case of an 18-year-old female patient who presented with complaints of itchy skin lesions, multiple purpuras and petechiae following ingestion of a dose of a cefadroxil tablet. A diagnosis of cefadroxil-induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis was made. Hydration therapy along with systemic steroids and topical treatments were administered to the patient. The lesions healed gradually and the condition of the patient improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is one of the least vocalized topics surrounding pregnancy and motherhood in India. The study aimed to assess the postpartum depression in women who had cesarean and normal vaginal deliveries. Materials and Methods: In this study, we identify postpartum depression in recently postpartum women and compare it in different maternal ages, modes of delivery (cesarean and vaginal), and sexes of the babies, since very few studies have explored these as risk factors. Data were obtained over six months from 210 women via their responses to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). An EPDS score of =7 out of 30 was set to determine postpartum depression, which was further classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Results: Total of 210 patients analyzed in the study out of which 157 (74.7%) exhibited PPD, which was more common in mothers aged between 19 and 27 years, and those who delivered via cesarean section. Mild depression was the most frequently occurring severity overall. Conclusion: Screening of PPD and providing suitable education should be encouraged during postpartum care or child-care visits for identifying and managing PPD, which in turn improves child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The drug Finerenone, a selective the drug mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, indicated for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Type 2 Diabetes. Recent researchers also found add on role in the management of resistant hypertension. So, this review article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of finerenone and the objective is to explore the mechanism of action, efficacy, and potential benefits of finerenone in treating (CKD) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), specifically in patients who have both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CKD. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was done using IBM Micromedex, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify relevant English-language articles published between 2000 and March 2023. Search terms included "Finerenone," "MRA," "Resistant Hypertension," "Finerenone Efficacy," and "Pharmacology of Finerenone." The selection criteria included clinical trials, randomized trials, and original articles, with references listed chronologically. Results: Finerenone's selective blockade of mineralocorticoid receptors counteracts the adverse effects of aldosterone, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Clinical trials consistently demonstrate its efficacy in reducing albuminuria, slowing CKD progression, and improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D and CKD. The recent approval of finerenone by the FDA for reducing the risk of death and abnormal cardiovascular events in adults with CKD and T2D with HFrEF highlights its therapeutic potential. Conclusion: Finerenone represents a pharmacological breakthrough in the management of resistant hypertension, offering a comprehensive therapeutic approach for patients with CKD and T2D. Its selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism, combined with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, shows promise in improving long-term renal and cardiovascular health. However, further research is needed to fully understand its long-term benefits, safety profile, and optimal utilization in the management of resistant hypertension. Finerenone's emergence provides new possibilities for patient care and signifies a significant advancement in the treatment of CKD and T2D, with the potential to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]