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Diabetic Retinopathy is a scenario in medical field which leads to the rise of damage of blood vessels in the retina which is due to diabetes mellitus. The suitable detection for this kind of problems and care to be done immediately in order to prohibit loss of sight in a person. Presently, diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy manually is a time-consuming process where they require experienced clinicians to examine the digital-colored fundus images. Here, we have proposed a machine learning technology using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach which has emerged as an operative productive tool in medical image examination for the classification and detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in real-world. The different layers which are used to detect the brain tumor are conv2D, Activation, MaxPooling2D, Dense and Flatten. The set used here considers 750 retinal images, with 600 training images and the test set considers 150 images with the accuracy of 82.75% which ran for 80 epochs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planform of a river may change due to natural and anthropogenic induced fluvial processes. River degradation and its restoration is major issue in the world, especially in alluvial plain. Shifting of its bank line is a threat to engineering structures, agricultural land and nearby dwelling areas. In this study, spatial-temporal changes in planform of the River Ganga from Bhagalpur to Farakka have been studied using Landsat data during 1973–2019. The study reach has been divided into five sub-reaches. Sequential changes in the river planform, bank line position, areas of erosion and deposition, formation of island/bars, mean width of the channel, and sinuosity have been computed and analyzed for the plan form change. Study shows that the river has experienced considerable course change and readjustment in configuration over the last 46 years. More erosion in left bank depicts its greater vulnerability compared to right bank. Sediment deposition on the bed of the river has considerably increased the ratio of island/bars over water surface. Although, planform changes in alluvium river is an autogenic fluvial process but construction of Farakka barrage has increased the rate changes of planform and flooding in upstream area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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