74 results on '"Raith K"'
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2. Numerical Engineering: Experiences in Designing PDE Software with Selfadaptive Variable Step Size/Variable Order Difference Methods
- Author
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Schönauer, W., Schnepf, E., Raith, K., Böhmer, Klaus, editor, and Stetter, Hans J., editor
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
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3. Osteoblastisches Sarkom beim Rehwild — Ein Fallbericht
- Author
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Ganzinger, U., Walzl, H., and Raith, K.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
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4. Ein Differenzenverfahren zur Lösung zweidimensionaler elliptischer Bandwertprobleme auf allgemeinen Gebieten
- Author
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Raith, K, primary, Schönauer, W, additional, and Glotz, G, additional
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
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5. SLDGL: Ein Programmpaket zur selbstadaptiven Lösung von nichtlinearen Systemen von elliptischen und parabolischen Differentialgleichungen im ßechteckgebiet
- Author
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Schönauer, W., primary, Raith, K., additional, and Glotz, G., additional
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- Author
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Schael, S, Barate, R, Bruneliere, R, Buskulic, D, Bonis, De, Decamp, I, Ghez, D, Goy, P, Jezequel, C, Lees, S, Lucotte, Jp, Martin, A, Merle, F, Minard, E, Nief, Mn, Odier, Jy, Pietrzyk, P, Trocme, B, Bravo, B, Casado, S, Chmeissani, Mp, Comas, M, Crespo, P, Fernandez, Jm, E, Fernandez, Bosman, Garrido, M, Grauges, L, Juste, E, Martinez, A, Merino, M, Miquel, G, Mir, R, Orteu, Lm, Pacheco, S, Park, A, Perlas, Ic, Riu, J, Ruiz, I, Sanchez, H, Colaleo, F, Creanza, A, D, Filippis, De, N, Palma, De, Iaselli, M, Maggi, G, Nuzzo, M, Ranieri, S, Raso, A, Ruggieri, G, Selvaggi, F, Silvestris, G, Tempesta, L, Tricomi, P, Zito, A, Huang, G, Lin, X, Ouyang, J, Wang, Q, Xie, T, Xu, Y, Xue, R, Zhang, S, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Abbaneo, W, Bazarko, D, Becker, A, Boix, U, Bird, G, Blucher, F, Bonvicini, E, B, Bright, Thomas, Barklow, P, Buchmuller, T, Cattaneo, O, Cerutti, M, Ciulli, F, Clerbaux, V, Drevermann, B, Forty, H, Frank, Rw, Greening, M, Hagelberg, Tc, Halley, R, Gianotti, Aw, Girone, F, Hansen, M, Harvey, Jb, Jacobsen, J, Hutchcroft, R, Janot, De, Jost, R, Knobloch, B, Kado, J, Lehraus, M, Lazeyras, I, Maley, P, Mato, R, May, P, Moutussi, J, A, Pepe, Altarelli, Ranjard, M, Rolandi, F, Schlatter, L, Schmitt, D, Schneider, B, Tejessy, O, Teubert, W, Tomalin, F, Tournefier, Ir, Veenhof, E, Valassi, R, Wiedenmann, A, Wright, W, Ajaltouni, Ae, Badaud, Z, Chazelle, F, Deschamps, G, Dessagne, O, Falvard, S, Ferdi, A, Fayolle, C, Gay, D, Guicheney, P, Henrard, C, Jousset, P, Michel, J, Monteil, B, Montret, S, Pallin, Jc, Pascolo, D, Perret, Jm, Podlyski, P, Bertelsen, F, Fernley, H, Hansen, T, Hansen, Jd, Hansen, Jr, Kraan, Ph, Lindahl, Ac, Mollerud, A, Nilsson, R, Rensch, Bs, Waananen, B, Daskalakis, A, Kyriakis, G, Markou, A, Simopoulou, C, Siotis, E, Vayaki, I, Zachariadou, A, Blondel, K, Bonneaud, A, Brient, G, Machefert, Jc, Rouge, E, Rumpf, A, Swynghedauw, M, Tanaka, M, Verderi, R, Videau, M, Focardi, H, Parrini, E, Corden, G, Georgiopoulos, M, Antonelli, C, Antonelli, A, Bencivenni, M, Bologna, G, Bossi, G, Campana, F, Capon, P, Chiarella, G, Felici, V, Laurelli, G, Mannocchi, P, Murtas, G, Passalacqua, Gp, Picchi, L, Colrain, P, P, Ten, Have, Hughes, I, Kennedy, Is, Knowles, J, Lynch, Ig, Morton, Jg, Negus, Wt, Oshea, P., Raine, V, Reeves, C, Scarr, P, Smith, Jm, Thompson, K., Turnbull, As, Wasserbaech, Rm, Cavanaugh, S, Dhamotharan, R, Geweniger, S, Hanke, C, Hansper, P, Hepp, G, Kluge, V, Putzer, Ee, Sommer, A, Stenzel, J, Tittel, H, Werner, K, Wunsch, W, Beuselinck, M, Binnie, R, Cameron, Dm, Davies, W, Dornan, G, Goodsir, Pj, Marinelli, S, Martin, N, Nash, Eb, Nowell, J, Rutherford, J, Sedgbeer, Sa, Thompson, Jk, White, Jc, Williams, R, Ghete, Md, Girtler, Vm, Kneringer, P, Kuhn, E, Rudolph, D, G, Bouhova, Thacker, Bowdery, E, Buck, Ck, Clarke, Pg, Ellis, Dp, Finch, G, Foster, Aj, Hughes, F, Jones, G, Rwl, Keemer, Pearson, Nr, Robertson, Mr, Sloan, Na, Smizanska, T, Snow, M, Williams, Sw, van der Aa, Delaere, O, Leibenguth, C, Lemaitre, G, Bauerdick, V, Lat, Blumenschein, U, Van, Gemmeren, Giehl, P, Holldorfer, I, Jakobs, F, Kasemann, K, Kayser, M, Kleinknecht, F, Muller, K, Quast, As, Renk, G, Rohne, B, Sander, E, Schmeling, Hg, Wachsmuth, S, Wanke, H, Zeitnitz, R, Ziegler, C, Aubert, T, Benchouk, Jj, Bonissent, C, Carr, A, Coyle, J, Curtil, P, Ealet, C, Etienne, A, Fouchez, F, Motsch, D, Payre, F, Rousseau, P, Tilquin, D, Talby, A, Thulasides, M, Aleppo, M, Ragusa, M, Buscher, F, David, V, Dietl, A, Ganis, H, Huttmann, G, Lutjens, K, Mannert, G, Manner, C, Moser, W, Settles, Hg, Seywerd, R, Villegas, H, Wolf, M, Azzurri, G, Boucrot, P, Callot, J, Chen, O, Cordier, S, Davier, A, Duflot, M, Grivaz, L, Heusse, Jf, Jacholkowska, P, Diberder, Le, Lefrancois, F, Mutz, J, Schune, Am, Serin, Mh, Veillet, L, Videau, Jj, Zerwas, I, Bagliesi, D, Bettarini, G, Boccali, S, Bozzi, T, Calderini, C, Dellorso, G, Fantechi, R, Ferrante, R, Fidecaro, I, Foa, F, Giammanco, L, Giassi, A, Gregorio, A, Ligabue, A, Lusiani, F, Marrocchesi, PIER SIMONE, Messineo, Ps, Palla, A, Rizzo, F, Sanguinetti, G, Sciaba, G, Sguazzoni, A, Spagnolo, G, Steinberger, P, Tenchini, J, Venturi, R, Vannini, A, Verdini, C, Awunor, Pg, Blair, O, Cowan, Ga, Garcia, Bellido, Green, A, Medcalf, Mg, Misiejuk, T, Strong, A, Teixeira, Dias, Botterill, P, Clifft, Dr, Edgecock, Rw, Edwards, Tr, Haywood, M, Norton, Sj, Ward, Pr, Bloch, Devaux, Boumediene, B, Colas, D, Emery, P, Fabbro, S, Kozanecki, B, Lancon, W, Lemaire, E, Locci, Mc, Perez, E, Rander, P, Renardy, J, Roussarie, Jf, Schuller, A, Schwindling, Jp, Tuchming, J, Vallage, B, Black, B, Dann, Sn, Kim, Jh, Konstantinidis, Hy, Litke, N, Mcneil, Am, Taylor, Ma, Booth, G, Cartwright, Cn, Combley, S, Hodgson, F, Lehto, Pn, Thompson, M, Affholderbach, Lf, Barberio, K, Bohrer, E, Brandt, A, Burkhardt, S, Feigl, H, Grupen, E, Hess, C, Lutters, J, Meinhard, G, H, Minguet, Rodriguez, Mirabito, J, Neugebauer, L, Ngac, E, Prange, A, Rivera, G, Saraiva, F, Schafer, P, Sieler, U, Smolik, U, Stephan, L, Trier, F, Apollonio, H, Borean, M, Bosisio, C, L, Della, Marina, Giannini, R, Gobbo, G, Musolino, B, Pitis, G, He, L, Kim, H, Putz, H, Rothberg, J, Armstrong, J, Bellantoni, Sr, Berkelman, L, Cinabro, K, Conway, D, Cranmer, Js, Elmer, K, Feng, P, Ferguson, Z, Dps, Gao, Gonzalez, Y, Grahl, S, Harton, J, Hayes, Jl, Hu, Oj, Jin, H, Johnson, S, Kile, Rp, Mcnamara, J, Nielsen, Pa, Orejudos, J, Pan, W, Saadi, Y, Scott, Y, Sharma, Ij, Walsh, V, Walsh, Am, Wear, J, J, von Wimmersperg Toeller, Wu, Jh, Wu, J, Wu, Sl, Yamartino, X, Zobernig, Jm, Dissertori, G, Abdallah, G, Abreu, J, Adam, P, Adye, W, Adzic, T, Ajinenko, P, Albrecht, I, Alderweireld, T, Alekseev, T, Alemany, Fernandez, Allmendinger, R, Allport, T, Almehed, Pp, Amaldi, S, Amapane, U, Amato, N, Anashkin, S, Anassontzis, E, Andersson, Eg, Andreazza, P, Andringa, A, Anjos, S, Antilous, N, Apel, P, Arnoud, Wd, Ask, Y, Asman, S, Augustin, B, Augustinus, Je, Baillon, A, Ballestrero, P, Bambade, A, Barao, P, Barbiellini, F, Barbier, G, Bardin, R, Barker, D, Baroncelli, G, Battaglia, A, Baubillier, M, Becks, M, Begalli, Kh, Behrmann, M, Beilliere, A, Belokopytov, P, Belous, Y, K, Ben, Haim, Benekos, E, Benvenuti, N, Berat, A, Berggren, C, Berntzon, M, Bertini, L, Bertrand, D, Besancon, D, Besson, M, Bianchi, N, Bigi, F, Bilenky, M, Bizouard, Ms, Bloch, Ma, Blom, D, Bluj, M, Bonesini, M, Bonivento, M, Boonekamp, W, Booth, M, Psl, Borgland, Borisov, Aw, Bosio, G, Botner, C, Boudinov, O, Bouquet, E, Bourdarios, B, Bowcock, C, Tjv, Boyko, Bozovic, I, Bozzo, I, Bracko, M, Branchini, M, Brenke, P, Brenner, T, Brodet, R, Bruckman, E, Brunet, P, Bugge, Jm, Buran, L, Burgsmueller, T, Buschbeck, T, Buschmann, B, Cabrera, P, Caccia, S, Calvi, M, Rozas, M, Ajc, Camporesi, Canale, T, Canepa, V, Carena, M, Carroll, F, Caso, L, Gimenez, C, Mvc, Castro, Cattai, N, Cavallo, A, Cerruti, F, Chabaud, C, Chapkin, V, Charpentier, M, Chaussard, P, Checchia, L, Chelkov, P, Chen, Ga, Chierici, M, Chliapnikov, R, Chochula, R, Chorowicz, P, Chudoba, V, Chung, J, Cieslik, Su, Collins, K, Colomer, P, Contri, M, Cortina, R, Cosme, E, Cossuti, G, Costa, F, Cowell, Mj, Crawley, Jh, Crennell, Hb, Crepe, D, Crosetti, S, Cuevas, G, Czellar, J, Dhondt, S, Dalmagne, J, Dalmau, B, Damgaard, J, Davenport, G, M, Silva, Da, T, Deghorain, W, Della, Ricca, Delpierre, G, Demaria, P, Angelis, De, Boer, De, W, Brabandere, De, S, Clercq, De, C, Lotto, De, Maria, De, Min, De, Paula, De, Dijkstra, L, Ciaccio, Di, Diodato, Di, Simone, Di, Djannati, A, Dolbeau, A, Doroba, J, Dracos, K, Drees, M, Drees, J, Dris, Ka, Duperrin, M, Durand, A, Ehret, Jd, Eigen, R, Ekelof, G, Ekspong, T, Ellert, G, Elsing, M, Engel, M, Erzen, Jp, Santo, B, Mce, Falk, Fanourakis, E, Fassouliotis, G, Fayot, D, Feindt, J, Fenyuk, M, Fernandez, A, Ferrari, J, Ferrer, P, Ferrer, Ribas, Ferro, E, Fichet, F, Firestone, S, Fischer, A, Flagmeyer, Pa, Foeth, U, Fokitis, H, Fontanelli, E, Franek, F, Frodesen, B, Fruhwirth, Ag, R, Fulda, Quenzer, Fuster, F, Galloni, J, Gamba, A, Gamblin, D, Gandelman, S, Garcia, M, Garcia, C, Gaspar, J, Gaspar, C, Gasparini, M, Gavillet, U, Gazis, P, Gele, E, Gerber, D, Gerdyukov, Jp, Ghodbane, L, Gil, N, Glege, I, Gokieli, F, Golob, R, Gomez, Ceballos, Goncalves, G, Caballero, P, Gopal, Ig, Gorn, G, Gorski, L, Gouz, M, Gracco, Y, Graziani, V, Green, E, Grefrath, C, Grimm, A, Gris, Hj, Grosdidier, P, Grzelak, G, Gunther, K, Guy, M, Haag, J, Hahn, C, Hahn, F, Hallgren, S, Hamacher, A, Hamilton, K, Hansen, K, Harris, J, Haug, Fj, Hauler, S, Hedberg, F, Heising, V, Hennecke, S, Henriques, M, Hernandez, R, Herquet, Jj, Herr, P, Hessing, H, Heuser, Tl, Higon, Jm, Hoffman, E, Holmgren, J, Holt, So, Holthuizen, Pj, Hoorelbeke, D, Houlden, S, Hrubec, Ma, Huber, J, Huet, M, Hughes, K, Hultqvist, Gj, Jackson, K, Jacobsson, Jn, Jalocha, R, Janik, P, Jarlskog, R, Jarlskog, C, Jarry, G, Jean, Marie, Jeans, B, Johansson, D, Johansson, Ek, Jonsson, Pd, Joram, P, Juillot, C, Jungermann, P, Kapusta, L, Karafasoulis, F, Katsanevas, K, Katsoufis, S, Keranen, E, Kernel, R, Kersevan, G, Kerzel, Bp, Khomenko, U, Khovanski, Ba, Kiiskinen, Nn, King, A, Kinvig, Bt, Kjaer, A, Klapp, Nj, Klein, O, Kluit, H, Knoblauch, P, Kokkinias, D, Konopliannikov, P, Koratzinos, A, Kostioukhine, M, Kourkoumelis, V, Kouznetsov, C, Krammer, O, Kreuter, M, Kriznic, C, Krstic, E, Krumstein, J, Kubinec, Z, Kucewicz, P, Kucharczyk, W, Kurowska, M, Kurvinen, J, Lamsa, K, Lanceri, J, Lane, L, Langefeld, Dw, Lapin, P, Laugier, V, Lauhakangas, Jp, Leder, R, Ledroit, G, Lefebure, F, Leinonen, V, Leisos, L, Leitner, A, Lemonne, R, Lenzen, J, Lepeltier, G, Lesiak, V, Lethuillier, T, Libby, M, Liebig, J, Liko, W, Lipniacka, D, Lippi, A, Loerstad, I, Lokajicek, B, Loken, M, Lopes, Jg, Lopez, Jh, Lopez, Femandez, Loukas, R, Lutz, D, Lyons, P, Macnaughton, L, Mahon, J, Maio, Jr, Malek, A, Malmgren, A, Tgm, Maltezos, Malychev, S, Mandl, V, Marco, F, Marco, J, Marechal, R, Margoni, B, Marin, M, Mariotti, Jc, Markou, C, Martinez, Rivero, Martinez, Vidal, Garcia, F, Smi, Masik, Mastroyiannopoulos, J, Matorras, N, Matteuzzi, F, Matthiae, C, Mazik, G, Mazzucato, J, Mazzucato, F, Mccubbin, M, Mckay, M, Mcnulty, R, Meroni, R, Meyer, C, Miagkov, Wt, Migliore, A, Mitaroff, E, Mjoernmark, W, Moa, U, Moch, T, Moeller, M, Moenig, R, Monge, K, Montenegro, R, Moraes, J, Moreau, D, Moreno, X, Morettini, S, Morton, P, Mueller, G, Muenich, U, Mulders, K, Mulet, Marquis, Mundim, C, Muresan, L, Murray, R, Muryn, W, Myatt, B, Myklebust, G, Naraghi, T, Nassiakou, F, Navarria, M, Navas, F, Nawrocki, S, Negri, K, Neufeld, P, Neumann, N, Neumeister, W, Nicolaidou, N, Nielsen, R, Nieuwenhuizen, Bs, Niezurawski, M, Nikolaenko, P, Nikolenko, V, Nomokonov, M, Normand, V, Nygren, A, Oblakowska, Mucha, Obraztsov, A, Olshevski, V, Onofre, A, Orava, A, Orazi, R, Osterberg, G, Ouraou, K, Oyanguren, A, Paganini, A, Paganoni, P, Paiano, M, Pain, S, Paiva, R, Palacios, R, Palka, Jp, Papadopoulou, H, Papageorgiou, Td, Pape, K, Parkes, L, Parodi, C., Parzefall, F, Passeri, U, Passon, A, Pavel, O, Pegoraro, T, Peralta, M, Perepelitsa, L, Pernicka, V, Perrotta, M, Petridou, A, Petrolini, C, Philips, A, Piana, Ht, Piedra, G, Pieri, J, Pierre, L, Pimenta, F, Piotto, M, Podobnik, E, Poireau, T, Pol, V, Polok, Me, Polycarpo, G, Poropat, E, Pozdniakov, P, Privitera, V, Pukhaeva, R, Pullia, N, Radojicic, A, Ragazzi, D, Rahmani, S, Rakoczy, H, Rames, D, Ramler, J, Ratoff, L, Read, Pn, Rebecchi, A, Redaelli, P, Regler, Ng, Rehn, M, Reid, J, Reinhardt, D, Renton, R, Resvanis, P, Richard, Lk, Ridky, F, Rinaudo, J, Ripp, Baudot, Rivero, I, Rodriguez, M, Rohne, D, Romero, O, Ronchese, A, Rosenberg, P, Rosinsky, Ei, Roudeau, P, Rovelli, R, Royon, T, Ruhlmann, Kleider, Ruiz, V, Ryabtchikov, A, Saarikko, D, Sacquin, H, Sadovsky, Y, Sajot, A, Salmi, G, Salt, L, Sampsonidis, J, Sannino, D, Savoy, Navarro, Scheidle, A, Schneider, T, Schwemling, H, Schwering, P, Schwickerath, B, Schyns, U, Mae, Scuri, Seager, F, Sedykh, P, Segar, Y, Seibert, A, Sekulin, N, Shellard, R, Sheridan, Rc, Siebel, A, Silvestre, M, Simard, R, Simonetto, L, Sisakian, F, Skaali, A, Smadja, Tb, Smirnov, G, Smirnova, N, Smith, O, Sokolov, Gr, Sopczak, A, Sosnowski, A, Spassov, R, Spiriti, T, Sponholz, E, Squarcia, P, Stampfer, S, Stanescu, D, Stanic, C, Stanitzki, S, Stapnes, M, Stevenson, S, Stocchi, K, Strauss, A, Strub, J, Stugu, R, Szczekowski, B, Szeptycka, M, Szumlak, M, Tabarelli, T, Taffard, T, Tegenfeldt, Ac, Terranova, F, Thomas, F, Timmermans, J, Tinti, J, Tkatchev, N, Tobin, L, Todorov, M, Todorovova, T, Toet, S, Tomaradze, Dz, Tome, A, Tonazzo, B, Tortora, A, Tortosa, L, Transtromer, P, Travnicek, G, Treille, P, Tristram, D, Trochimczuk, G, Trombini, M, Troncon, A, Tsirou, C, Turluer, A, Tyapkin, Ml, Tyapkin, Ia, Tzamarias, P, Ullaland, S, Uvarov, O, Valenti, V, Vallazza, G, Vander, Velde, Van, Apeldoorn, Van, Dam, Van den Boeck, Van, Doninck, Van, Eldik, Van, Lysebetten, Van, Remortel, Van, Vulpen, Vassilopoulos, I, Vegni, N, Velos, G, Ventura, F, Venus, L, Verbeure, W, Verdier, F, Verlato, P, Vertogradov, M, Verzi, Ls, Vilanova, V, Vitale, D, Vlasov, L, Vodopyanov, E, Vollmer, As, Voulgaris, C, Vrba, G, Wahlen, V, Walck, H, Washbrook, C, Weiser, Aj, Wetherell, C, Wicke, Am, Wickens, D, Wilkinson, J, Winter, G, Witek, M, Wlodek, M, Yi, T, Yushchenko, J, Zaitsev, O, Zalewska, A, Zalewski, A, Zavrtanik, P, Zevgolatakos, D, Zhuravlov, E, Zimin, V, Zintchenko, Ni, Zoller, A, Zucchelli, P, Zumerle, Gc, Zupan, G, Acciarri, M, Achard, M, Adriani, P, O, Aguilar, Benitez, Alcaraz, M, Alemanni, J, Allaby, G, Aloisio, J, Alviggi, A, Ambrosi, Mg, Anderhub, G, Andreev, H, Angelescu, Vp, Anselmo, T, Arefiev, F, Azemoon, A, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, T, Bajo, P, Baksay, A, Baksay, G, Balandras, L, Baldew, A, Ball, Sv, Banerjee, Rc, Barczyk, S, Barillere, A, Barone, R, Bartalini, L, Basile, P, Batalova, M, Battiston, N, Bay, R, Becattini, A, Behner, F, Bellucci, F, Berbeco, L, Berdugo, R, Berges, J, Bertucci, P, Betev, B, Bhattacharya, Bl, Biasini, S, Biglietti, M, Biland, M, Blaising, A, Blyth, Jj, Bobbink, Sc, Bohm, Bj, Boldizsar, A, Borgia, L, Bottai, B, Bourilkov, S, Bourquin, D, Braccini, M, Branson, S, Brigljevic, Jg, Brochu, V, Brock, F, Buffini, Ic, Buijs, A, Burger, A, Burger, Jd, Button, Wj, Cai, A, Campanelli, Xd, Capell, M, Romeo, M, Carlino, Gc, Cartacci, G, Casaus, A, Castellini, J, Cavallari, G, Cavallo, E, Cecchi, N, Cerrada, C, Cesaroni, M, Chamizo, F, Chang, M, Chaturvedi, Yh, Chemarin, Uk, Chen, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, Gm, Chen, Hf, Chiefari, Hs, Cifarelli, G, Cindolo, L, Civinini, F, Clare, C, Clare, I, Coignet, R, Colijn, G, Colino, Ap, Costantini, N, Cotorobai, S, Cozzoni, F, de la Cruz, Csilling, B, Cucciarelli, A, Dai, S, Van, Dalen, Dalessandro, Ja, Asmundis, De, Debreczeni, R, Deglon, J, Degre, P, Dehmelt, P, Deiters, K, Della, Volpe, Delmeire, D, Denes, E, Denotaristefani, P, F, Salvo, De, Diemoz, A, Dierckxsens, M, Van, Dierendonck, Lodovico, Di, Dionisi, F, Dittmar, C, Dominguez, M, Doria, A, Dova, A, Duchesneau, Mt, Dufournaud, D, Duda, D, Duinker, M, Duran, P, Dutta, I, Echenard, S, Eline, B, Hage, El, Mamouni, El, Engler, H, Eppling, A, Erne, Fj, Extermann, Fc, Fabre, P, Faccini, M, Falagan, R, Falciano, Ma, Favara, S, Fay, A, Fedin, J, Felcini, O, Ferguson, M, Ferroni, T, Fesefeldt, F, Fiandrini, H, Field, E, Filthaut, Jh, Fisher, F, Fisher, Ph, Fisk, W, Forconi, I, Fredj, G, Freudenreich, L, Furetta, K, Galaktionov, C, Ganguli, Y, Garcia, Abia, Gataullin, P, Gau, M, Gentile, Ss, Gheordanescu, S, Giagu, N, Gong, S, Grenier, Zf, Grimm, G, Gruenewald, O, Guida, Mw, Van, Gulik, Van, Gupta, Gurtu, Vk, Gutay, A, Haas, Lj, Hasan, D, Hatzifotiadou, A, Hebbeker, D, Herve, T, Hidas, A, Hirschfelder, P, Hofer, J, Hohlmann, H, Holzner, M, Hoorani, G, Hou, H, Lashvili, Sr, Innocente, I, Jin, V, Jindal, Bn, Jones, P, Dejong, Lw, Josa, Mutuberria, Khan, I, Kaur, Ra, Kienzle, Focacci, Kim, Mn, Kim, D, Kirkby, Jk, Kiss, J, Kittel, D, Klimentov, W, Konig, A, Koffeman, Ac, Kopal, E, Kopp, M, 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Thaler, Fe, Thom, Jj, Trandafir, J, Turk, Ai, Usher, Jd, Vavra, T, Vella, J, Venuti, E, Verdier, Jp, Wagner, R, Waite, Sr, Walston, Ap, Wang, S, Watts, J, Weidemann, Sj, Weiss, Aw, Whitaker, Er, White, Js, Wickens, Sl, Williams, Fj, Williams, Da, Williams, Dc, Willocq, Sh, Wilson, S, Wisniewski, Rj, Wittlin, Wj, Woods, Jl, Word, M, Wright, Gb, Wyss, Tr, Yamamoto, J, Yang, Rk, Yashima, Xq, Yellin, J, Young, Sj, Yuta, Cc, Zapalac, H, Zdarko, G, Zeitlin, Rw, Zhou, C, Blondel, Alain, Schael, S, Barate, R, Bruneliere, R, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, S., Schael, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Canale, Vincenzo, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, Lista, Luca, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, SLD, BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Bosisio, Luciano, DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Giannini, Gianrossano, Gregorio, Anna, Lanceri, Livio, Poropat, Paolo, Vitale, Lorenzo, Buskulic, D, De Bonis, I, Decamp, D, Ghez, P, Goy, C, Jezequel, S, Lees, J, Lucotte, A, Martin, F, Merle, E, Minard, M, Nief, J, Odier, P, Pietrzyk, B, Trocme, B, Bravo, S, Casado, M, Chmeissani, M, Comas, P, Crespo, J, Fernandez, E, Fernandez Bosman, M, Garrido, L, Grauges, E, Juste, A, Martinez, M, Merino, G, Miquel, R, Mir, L, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Park, I, Perlas, J, Riu, I, Ruiz, H, Sanchez, F, Colaleo, A, Creanza, D, De Filippis, N, De Palma, M, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Maggi, M, Nuzzo, S, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Tricomi, A, Zito, G, Huang, X, Lin, J, Ouyang, Q, Wang, T, Xie, Y, Xu, R, Xue, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhao, W, Abbaneo, D, Bazarko, A, Becker, U, Boix, G, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Bonvicini, B, Bright Thomas, P, Barklow, T, Buchmuller, O, Cattaneo, M, Cerutti, F, Ciulli, V, Clerbaux, B, Drevermann, H, Forty, R, Frank, M, Greening, T, Hagelberg, R, Halley, A, Gianotti, F, Girone, M, Hansen, J, Harvey, J, Jacobsen, R, Hutchcroft, D, Janot, R, Jost, B, Knobloch, J, Kado, M, Lehraus, I, Lazeyras, P, Maley, R, Mato, P, May, J, Moutussi, A, Pepe Altarelli, M, Ranjard, F, Rolandi, L, Schlatter, D, Schmitt, B, Schneider, O, Tejessy, W, Teubert, F, Tomalin, I, Tournefier, E, Veenhof, R, Valassi, A, Wiedenmann, W, Wright, A, Ajaltouni, Z, Badaud, F, Chazelle, G, Deschamps, O, Dessagne, S, Falvard, A, Ferdi, C, Fayolle, D, Gay, P, Guicheney, C, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Monteil, S, Montret, J, Pallin, D, Pascolo, J, Perret, P, Podlyski, F, Bertelsen, H, Fernley, T, Hansen, P, Kraan, A, Lindahl, A, Mollerud, R, Nilsson, B, Rensch, B, Waananen, A, Daskalakis, G, Kyriakis, A, Markou, C, Simopoulou, E, Siotis, I, Vayaki, A, Zachariadou, K, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Brient, J, Machefert, E, Rouge, A, Rumpf, M, Swynghedauw, M, Tanaka, R, Verderi, M, Videau, H, Focardi, E, Parrini, G, Corden, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Antonelli, A, Antonelli, M, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Chiarella, V, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, G, Passalacqua, L, Picchi, P, Colrain, P, Ten Have, I, Hughes, I, Kennedy, J, Knowles, I, Lynch, J, Morton, W, Negus, P, O'Shea, V, Raine, C, Reeves, P, Scarr, J, Smith, K, Thompson, A, Turnbull, R, Wasserbaech, S, Cavanaugh, R, Dhamotharan, S, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Hansper, G, Hepp, V, Kluge, E, Putzer, A, Sommer, J, Stenzel, H, Tittel, K, Werner, W, Wunsch, M, Beuselinck, R, Binnie, D, Cameron, W, Davies, G, Dornan, P, Goodsir, S, Marinelli, N, Martin, E, Nash, J, Nowell, J, Rutherford, S, Sedgbeer, J, Thompson, J, White, R, Williams, M, Ghete, V, Girtler, P, Kneringer, E, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Bouhova Thacker, E, Bowdery, C, Buck, P, Clarke, D, Ellis, G, Finch, A, Foster, F, Hughes, G, Jones, R, Keemer, N, Pearson, M, Robertson, N, Sloan, T, Smizanska, M, Snow, S, Van Der Aa, O, Delaere, C, Leibenguth, G, Lemaitre, V, Bauerdick, L, Blumenschein, U, Van Gemmeren, P, Giehl, I, Holldorfer, F, Jakobs, K, Kasemann, M, Kayser, F, Kleinknecht, K, Muller, A, Quast, G, Renk, B, Rohne, E, Sander, H, Schmeling, S, Wachsmuth, H, Wanke, R, Zeitnitz, C, Ziegler, T, Aubert, J, Benchouk, C, Bonissent, A, Carr, J, 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MCGOWAN, A.K. MCKEMEY, B.T. MEADOWS, R. MESSNER, P.M. MOCKETT, K.C. MOFFEIT, T.B. MOORE, M. MORII, B. MOURS, D. MULLER, G. MUELLER, V. MURZIN, T. NAGAMINE, S. NARITA, U. NAUENBERG, H. NEAL, G. NESOM, M. NUSSBAUM, Y. OHNISHI, N. OISHI, D. ONOPRIENKO, L.S. OSBORNE, R.S. PANVINI, C.H.PARK, H. PARK, T.J. PAVEL, I. PERUZZI, L. PESCARA, M. PICCOLO, L. PIEMONTESE, E. PIERONI, K.T. PITTS, R.J. PLANO, R. PREPOST, C.Y. PRESCOTT, G. PUNKAR, J. QUIGLEY, B.N. RATCLIFF, K. REEVES, T.W. REEVES, J. REIDY, P.L. REINERTSEN, P.E. RENSING, L.S. ROCHESTER, J.E. ROTHBERG, P.C. ROWSON, J.J. RUSSELL, O.H. SAXTON, T. SCHALK, R.H. SCHINDLER, U. SCHNEEKLOTH, B.A. SCHUMM, J. SCHWIENING, A. SEIDEN, S. SEN, V.V. SERBO, L. SERVOLI, M.H. SHAEVITZ, J.T. SHANK, G. SHAPIRO, D.J. SHERDEN, K.D. SHMAKOV, C. SIMOPOULOS, N.B. SINEV, S.R. SMITH, M.B. SMY, J.A. SNYDER, M.D. SOKOLOFF, H. STAENGLE, A. STAHL, P. STAMER, H. STEINER, R. STEINER, M.G. STRAUSS, D. SU, F. SUEKANE, A. SUGIYAMA, A. SUZUKI, S. SUZUKI, M. SWARTZ, A. SZUMILO, T. TAKAHASHI, F.E. TAYLOR, J.J. THALER, J. THOM, E. TORRENCE, A.I. TRANDAFIR, J.D. TURK, T. USHER, J. VA VRA, C. VANNINI, E. VELLA, J.P. VENUTI, R. VERDIER, P.G. VERDINI, D.L. WAGNER, S.R. WAGNER, A.P. WAITE, S. WALSTON, J. WANG, S.J. WATTS, A.W. WEIDEMANN, E.R. WEISS, J.S. WHITAKER, S.L. WHITE, F.J. WICKENS, D.A. WILLIAMS, D.C. WILLIAMS, S.H. WILLIAMS, S. WILLOCQ, R.J. WILSON, W.J. WISNIEWSKI, J.L. WITTLIN, M. WOODS, G.B. WORD, T.R. WRIGHT, J. WYSS, R.K. YAMAMOTO, J.M. YAMARTINO, X.Q. YANG, J. YASHIMA, S.J. YELLIN, C.C.YOUNG, H.YUTA, G. ZAPALAC, R.W. ZDARKO, C. ZEITLIN, J. ZHOU, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRUNEVALD M, NEWALD M, SCHAEL S, BARATE R, BRUNELIE, RE R, BUSKULIC D, DE BONIS I, DECAMP D, GHEZ P, GOY C, JE, ZE, QUEL S, LEES J, LUCOTTE A, MARTIN M, MERLE E, MINARD M, NIEF J, ODIER P, PIETRZYK B, TROCME, BRAVO S, CASADO MP, CHMEISSANI M, COMAS P, CRESPO JM, FERNANDEZ E, FERNANDEZ-BOSMAN M, GARRIDO L, GRAUGES E, JUSTE A, MARTINEZ M, MERINO G, MIQUEL R, MIR LM, ORTEU S, PACHECO A, PARK IC, PERLAS J, RIU I, RUIZ H, SANCHEZ F, COLALEO A, CREANZA D, DE FILIPPIS N, DE PALMA M, IASELLI G, MAGGI G, MAGGI M, NUZZO S, RANIERI, A, RASO, G, RUGGIERI F, SELVAGGI, G, SILVESTRIS L, TEMPESTA P, TRICOMI A, ZITO G, HUANG X, LIN J, OUYANG Q, WANG T, XIE Y, XU R, XUE S, ZHANG J, ZHANG L, ZHAO W, ABBANEO D, BAZARKO A, BECKER U, BOIX G, BIRD F, BLUCHER E, BONVICINI B, BRIGHT-THOMAS P, BARKLOW T, BUCHMU, LLER O, CATTANEO M, CERUTTI F, CIULLI V, CLERBAUX B, DREVERMANN H, FORTY RW, FRANK M, GREENING TC, HAGELBERG R, HALLEY AW, GIANOTTI F, GIRONE M, HANSEN JB, HARVEY J, JACOBSEN J, HUTCHCROFT DE, JANOT P, JOST B, KNOBLOCH J, KADO M, LEHRAUS I, LAZEYRAS P, and MALEY P
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Top quark ,FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY ,PARTICLE PHYSICS ,LARGE ELECTRON POSITRON COLLIDER ,ALEPH ,DELPHI ,L3 ,OPAL ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,electron-positron physics ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Electroweak interaction ,Physics ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Electron–positron physics ,Electroweak interactions ,Decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons ,Fermion–antifermion production ,Precision measurements at the Z resonance ,Tests of the Standard Model ,Radiative corrections ,Effective coupling constants ,Neutral weak current ,Z boson ,W boson ,Higgs boson ,Particle physics - Experiment ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION ,HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS ,TOP-QUARK MASS ,ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING ,W-BOSON MASS ,CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY ,Z-LINE-SHAPE ,SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIOS ,CARLO EVENT GENERATOR ,decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons ,effective coupling constants ,electroweak interactions ,fermion-antifermion production ,higgs boson ,neutral weak current ,precision measurements at the z resonance ,radiative corrections ,tests of the standard model ,top quark ,w boson ,z boson ,Radiative correction ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE ,Física nuclear ,Neutrino ,Particle physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,ddc:500.2 ,Elementary particle physics ,LEP ,electroweak ,Decays of heavy intermediate gauge boson ,Effective coupling constant ,Partícules (Física nuclear) ,Standard Model ,electroweak theory, Z boson, DELPHI, ALEPH, OPAL, L3 ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Coupling constant ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Fermion ,FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY, FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION, HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS, TOP-QUARK MASS, ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING, W-BOSON MASS, CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY, Z-LINE-SHAPE, SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIOS, CARLO EVENT GENERATOR ,[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph] ,Experimental High Energy Physics ,Electron–positron physic ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE - Abstract
We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLD experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, $\MZ$ and $\GZ$, and its couplings to fermions, for example the $\rho$ parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle, are precisely measured. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840+/-0.0082. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model. Electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its Standard Model expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the masses of the top quark and the W Boson are predicted. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model. Using in addition the direct measurements of $\Mt$ and $\MW$, the mass of the as yet unobserved Standard Model Higgs boson is predicted., Comment: 302 pages, v2: minor corrections and updates of references. Accepted for publication by Physics Reports, v3: further small corrections and journal version
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- 2006
7. Encephalomyelitis Resembling Human and Ruminant Rhombencephalitis Caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a Feline Leukemia Virus-Infected Cat
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Raith, K., primary, Müntener, T., additional, Vandevelde, M., additional, and Oevermann, A., additional
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- 2010
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8. Canine status epilepticus due to acute intoxication
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Zimmermann, R., primary, Steinberg, T. A., primary, Raith, K., primary, Hülsmeyer, V., primary, and Fischer, A., additional
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- 2010
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9. Drugs used in the treatment of opioid tolerance and physical dependence: a review
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Raith, K., primary and Hochhaus, G., additional
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- 2004
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10. Service and system enhancements for TDMA digital cellular systems
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Austin, M., primary, Buckley, A., additional, Coursey, C., additional, Hartman, P., additional, Kobylinski, R., additional, Majmundar, M., additional, Raith, K., additional, and Seymour, J.P., additional
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- 1999
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11. Receiver performance for the North American Digital Cellular system.
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Larsson, G., Gudmundson, B., and Raith, K.
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- 1991
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12. Digital technologies in cellular radio.
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Uddenfeldt, J., Raith, K., and Hedberg, B.
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- 1988
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13. Multi-path equalization for digital cellular radio operating at 300 Kbit/s.
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Raith, K., Stjernvall, J.-E., and Uddenfeldt, J.
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- 1986
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14. Structural Studies on Ceramides by Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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RAITH, K. and NEUBERT, R. H. H.
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- 1998
15. Capacity of digital cellular TDMA systems.
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Raith, K. and Uddenfeldt, J.
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- 1991
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16. Homo-phytochelatins are synthesized in response to cadmium in azuki beans.
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Oven, M, Raith, K, Neubert, R H, Kutchan, T M, and Zenk, M H
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In a recent report, it was claimed that azuki beans (Vigna angularis) do not synthesize phytochelatins (PCs) upon exposure to cadmium, although glutathione (GSH), the substrate for PC synthesis, is present in this plant. This legume species thus would be the first exception in the plant kingdom that would fail to complex heavy metals by PCs. Here, we report that not GSH, but only homoglutathione can be detected in this plant and that homo-phytochelatins are formed when azuki beans are challenged with heavy metals such as cadmium. We also show that the 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-oxidized GSH reductase recycling assay, used for GSH quantification in the recent study of heavy metal tolerance in azuki beans, reacts both with GSH and homoglutathione and therefore cannot be used when biological samples should be analyzed exclusively for GSH.
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- 2001
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17. Liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry of ceramides
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Raith, K. and Neubert, R.H.H.
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- 2000
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18. Ceramide analysis utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
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Raith, K., Darius, J., and Neubert, R. H.
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- 2000
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19. Investigation of the interactions between drugs and mixed bile salt/lecithin micelles. A characterization by micellar affinity capillary electrophoresis (MACE). Part III
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Schwarz, M. A., Raith, K., Ruettinger, H. H., Dongowski, G., and Neubert, R. H. H.
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- 1997
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20. Effect on the partition equilibrium of various drugs by the formation of mixed bile salt/phosphatidylcholine/fatty acid micellesA characterization by micellar affinity capillary electrophoresis. Part IV
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Schwarz, M. A., Raith, K., Dongowski, G., and Neubert, R. H.
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- 1998
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21. Separation of phospholipids by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
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Raith, K., Wolf, R., Wagner, J., and Neubert, R. H.H.
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- 1998
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22. Separation and quantitation of glycolipids as penetration modifiers in human skin using high-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization
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Wolf, R., Raith, K., and Neubert, R.
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- 1997
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23. Luminescence chronology of fluvial and aeolian deposits from the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE
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Mueller, D., Raith, K., Bretzke, K., Fülling, A. Parker, A.G., Parton, A., Preston, G.W., Jasim, S., Yousif, E., Preusser, F. and Mueller, D., Raith, K., Bretzke, K., Fülling, A. Parker, A.G., Parton, A., Preston, G.W., Jasim, S., Yousif, E., Preusser, F.
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Quaternary environments on the Arabian Peninsula shifted between pronounced arid conditions and phases of increased rainfall, which had a profound impact on Earth surface processes. However, while aeolian sediment dynamics are reasonably well understood, there is a lack of knowledge with regard to the variability in the fluvial systems. Presented here are the findings from several locations within wadi drainage systems to the west of the Hajar Mountain (United Arab Emirates). The performance of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating using a customised standardised growth curve approach is investigated, showing that this approach allows reliable determination of ages by reducing the machine time required. Three main periods of fluvial activity are observed at 160-135 ka, 43-34 ka and ca. 20 ka. Further ages fall into the latest Pleistocene and late Holocene. Interestingly, none of the ages coincide with major wet periods in SE Arabia, identified in stalagmites and by the deposition of lake sediments. It is shown that fluvial activity was partly contemporaneous (within the given time resolution) with phases of aeolian deposition and was almost continuously, but likely sporadically, during the Mid-Late Pleistocene. This highlights the need for regionally defined palaeoenvironmental records in order to fully understand the response of dryland systems to long-term climatic change.
24. Performance of a digital cellular experimental testbed.
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Raith, K., Hedberg, B., Larsson, G., and Kahre, R.
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- 1989
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25. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-CONCENTRIC PERIRADICULAR LIPOMA CAUSING LUMBAR NERVE ROOT COMPRESSION IN A DOG.
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Wahle AM, Raith K, Posch B, Eddicks L, Matiasek K, and Jurina K
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- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dog Diseases etiology, Dogs, Lipoma complications, Lipoma diagnosis, Lipoma diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Male, Radiculopathy diagnosis, Radiculopathy diagnostic imaging, Radiculopathy etiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Lipoma veterinary, Radiculopathy veterinary
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An 11-year-old, male neutered Jack Russell Terrier was presented with a nerve root signature of the right pelvic limb. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well demarcated, ovoid, extramedullary mass at the level of the L7 vertebral body. This showed, compared to normal spinal cord, hyperintense signal on T1- and T2-weighted images, which was suppressed on gradient echo short tau inversion recovery (GE-STIR) images. Additionally, the mass was characterized by a fat density on computed tomography images. Histopathology of the surgically excised mass was consistent with concentric periradicular lipoma, which has not been described in domestic animals yet., (© 2016 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
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- 2017
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26. Unusual perianesthetic malignant hyperthermia in a dog.
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Adami C, Axiak S, Raith K, and Spadavecchia C
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- Anesthesia adverse effects, Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dogs, Male, Malignant Hyperthermia genetics, Mutation, Anesthesia veterinary, Dog Diseases genetics, Malignant Hyperthermia veterinary, Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel genetics
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Case Description: A 7-month-old male Siberian Husky affected by lower motor neuron tetraparesis was anesthetized for electrodiagnostic testing and collection of muscle and nerve biopsy specimens., Clinical Findings: Preanesthetic physical examination revealed a high rectal temperature, and serum biochemical analysis revealed high muscle and liver enzyme activities. The dog was anesthetized twice. The dog was anesthetized with isoflurane and developed moderate hypercarbia and mild hyperthermia. Injectable anesthetic agents were used to anesthetize the dog the second time, during which the dog developed severe malignant hyperthermia. A genetic test performed after anesthesia did not reveal a mutation of the RYR1 gene, the gene that mediates calcium-release channels in skeletal muscle. On the basis of clinical features, and because other neuromuscular disorders were ruled out, a genetic channelopathy involving the skeletal muscle ion channels was suspected., Treatment and Outcome: The dog was disconnected from the breathing system, and active cooling of the body was performed with ice packs applied to the body surface and alcohol applied to the foot pads. Cold crystalloid solutions were administered i.v.. Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen was performed to decrease end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Because dantrolene was not available, acepromazine was administered to facilitate a decrease in body temperature. The dog recovered from malignant hyperthermia and was discharged to the owner after 13 days of hospitalization., Clinical Relevance: Dogs affected by genetic muscle disorders should be considered at risk for perianesthetic malignant hyperthermia, even in the absence of an RYR1 gene mutation.
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- 2012
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27. Continuous electroencephalographic monitoring of status epilepticus in dogs and cats: 10 patients (2004-2005).
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Raith K, Steinberg T, and Fischer A
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- Animals, Anticonvulsants administration & dosage, Cat Diseases drug therapy, Cats, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Dogs, Electroencephalography methods, Female, Germany, Male, Monitoring, Physiologic methods, Monitoring, Physiologic veterinary, Retrospective Studies, Schools, Veterinary, Status Epilepticus diagnosis, Status Epilepticus drug therapy, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Electroencephalography veterinary, Status Epilepticus veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To describe the use of continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring for management of status epilepticus (SE) in dogs and cats., Design: Retrospective study., Setting: University teaching hospital., Animals: Ten patients (7 dogs, 3 cats) with SE of differing etiology (idiopathic epilepsy, n=3; toxicity, n=4; meningoencephalitis, n=2; undefined, n=1)., Interventions: The EEG was recorded continuously from 5 stainless-steel needle electrodes inserted SC. Animals were treated with diazepam and phenobarbital followed by either propofol (n=3) or pentobarbital (n=7) as a continuous rate of infusion., Measurements and Main Results: Clinical seizures stopped after induction of anesthesia in each animal. The EEG, however, still showed distinct epileptiform patterns (spikes, polyspikes) in all animals. Paroxysms were suppressed by increasing the infusion rate of either pentobarbital or propofol. A burst-suppression pattern was achieved in 5 animals. EEG epileptiform activity reappeared in 4 animals when attempting to taper the dose after >6 hours of anesthesia. This was interpreted as ongoing EEG seizure activity and an increased risk for clinical seizures, and the anesthetic dosage was adjusted accordingly., Conclusion: Continuous EEG monitoring appears to be a useful tool for therapeutic monitoring of SE in dogs and cats. It allows the detection of EEG seizures without the appearance of clinical seizures. Further investigations with blinded investigators and homogeneous animal groups to define therapeutic endpoints are warranted.
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- 2010
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28. Investigating the degradation of the sympathomimetic drug phenylephrine by electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry.
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Trommer H, Raith K, and Neubert RH
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- Drug Stability, Mass Spectrometry, Molecular Structure, Oxidation-Reduction, Photochemical Processes radiation effects, Solutions, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Water chemistry, Phenylephrine analysis, Phenylephrine chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods, Sympathomimetics analysis, Sympathomimetics chemistry
- Abstract
The frequently used sympathomimetic drug phenylephrine has been studied by electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. The stability of the adrenoceptor agonist was examined by investigations of the pharmaceutically used salts phenylephrine hydrochloride and phenylephrine bitartrate. Photostability has been studied by use of an irradiation equipment emitting a solar radiation spectrum. The experiments were carried out by analysis of aqueous drug solutions before and after irradiation treatment. The phenylephrine derivative with unsaturated side chain originating from the drug by loss of one water molecule has been detected as the major degradation product of both phenylephrine salts the hydrochloride and the bitartrate. Further degradation and oxidation products were detectable already in the full scan mode demonstrating a low stability of the drug. Tandem mass spectrometry and multiple stage mass spectrometry experiments enabled the establishment of fragmentation schemes of both salts for the first time. Irradiation treatment indicated that phenylephrine bitartrate is more prone to degradation than the hydrochloride because of an additional decomposition sensitivity of the tartaric acid counter ion. An interaction between phenylephrine and its counter ion degradation products via a nucleophilic addition mechanism is suggested to be the explanation for the detected ion signals after irradiation treatment of phenylephrine bitartrate., (Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2010
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29. Normal phase liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for separation, detection and mass spectrometric profiling of neutral sphingolipids and cholesterol.
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Farwanah H, Wirtz J, Kolter T, Raith K, Neubert RH, and Sandhoff K
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- Cells, Cultured, Cholesterol isolation & purification, Chromatography, Thin Layer methods, Fibroblasts metabolism, Humans, Neutral Glycosphingolipids isolation & purification, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cholesterol analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Mass Spectrometry methods, Neutral Glycosphingolipids analysis
- Abstract
Many lipidomic approaches focus on investigating aspects of sphingolipid metabolism. Special emphasis is put on neutral sphingolipids and cholesterol and their interaction. Such an interest is attributed to the fact that those lipids are altered in a series of serious disorders including various sphingolipidoses. High performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) has become a widely used technique for lipid analysis. However, mass spectrometric profiling is irreplaceable for gaining an overview about the various molecular species within a lipid class. In this work we have developed a sensitive method based on a gradient normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to quadrupole time of flight (QTOF) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) in positive mode, which for the first time enables separation, on-line detection, and mass spectrometric profiling of multiple neutral sphingolipids including ceramide, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, sphingomyelin as well as cholesterol within less than 15min. An important advantage of the presented HPLC/APCI-MS approach is that the separation pattern emulates the one obtained by an optimized HPTLC method with a multiple stage development. Thus, the lipid classes previously separated and quantified by HPTLC can be easily screened regarding their mass spectrometric profiles by HPLC/APCI-MS. In addition, the selected ionization conditions enable in-source fragmentation providing useful structural information. The methods (HPLC/APCI-MS and the optimized HPTLC) were applied for the analysis of the mentioned lipids in human fibroblasts. This approach is aimed basically at investigators who perform studies based on genetic modifications or treatment with pharmacological agents leading to changes in the biochemical pathways of neutral sphingolipids and cholesterol. In addition, it can be of interest for research on disorders related to impairments of sphingolipid metabolism.
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- 2009
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30. Screening for nutritive peptides that modify cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase expression.
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Nass N, Schoeps R, Ulbrich-Hofmann R, Simm A, Hohndorf L, Schmelzer C, Raith K, Neubert RH, and Eder K
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- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts antagonists & inhibitors, Caseins chemistry, Caseins pharmacology, Cattle, Cell Line, Tumor, Cholesterol metabolism, Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase genetics, Genes, Reporter, Humans, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases genetics, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Peptides analysis, Protein Hydrolysates chemistry, Protein Hydrolysates pharmacology, Soybean Proteins chemistry, Soybean Proteins pharmacology, Bile Acids and Salts metabolism, Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase antagonists & inhibitors, Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase metabolism, Gene Expression drug effects, Peptides pharmacology
- Abstract
Bioactive peptides with a variety of effects have been described from several nutritive proteins. They exhibit antimicrobial, blood-pressure lowering, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, and cholesterol-modulating effects. In this study, we have examined whether peptides derived from food proteins might influence bile acid synthesis. A reporter gene cell line that carries a cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase promoter fragment fused to firefly luciferase ( cyp7a-luc) was used to screen for nutritive peptides affecting cyp7a expression, the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in bile acid synthesis. Proteolytic hydrolysates were prepared from soy protein and bovine casein with pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase and size fractionated using ultrafiltration. Several bioactive hydrolysates could be identified that inhibited luciferase expression. Also, an activation of kinase (AKT, ERK, p38-MAPK) signaling could be observed. Selected hydrolysates were further fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC. Bioactive HPLC-fractions were obtained from casein but not from soy hydrolysates; however, activity could not be recovered in single peak fractions. Peptides in such fractions were identified by mass spectrometry. Five selected peptides from alpha S1-casein present in active fractions were synthesized, but none of these showed activity in the cyp7a-luc screening system. However, two of them activated MAP-kinase signaling similar to the hydrolysates, which suggests, that these peptides are involved in cyp7a regulation by the casein hydrolysates.
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- 2008
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31. Peptic digestion of beta-casein. Time course and fate of possible bioactive peptides.
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Schmelzer CE, Schöps R, Reynell L, Ulbrich-Hofmann R, Neubert RH, and Raith K
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- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Caseins genetics, Cattle, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Molecular Sequence Data, Peptide Fragments isolation & purification, Caseins metabolism, Pepsin A metabolism
- Abstract
Numerous peptides obtained by enzymatic digestion of food proteins have been reported to exhibit biological activities. In this study, the focus was placed on peptides of beta-casein from bovine milk after a gastro-analogous in vitro digestion with pepsin, a protease with broad specificity. In order to study the time course of the digestion, the process was stopped after specific times and the samples were subjected to HPLC separation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) and nanoelectrospray (nanoESI) quadrupole time-of-flight (qTOF) mass spectrometry. A combined sequencing approach using de novo interpretation and databases was employed. Overall, 100% of the beta-casein sequence was covered by identifying 125 peptides of 4-84 residues in length, including 3 phosphorylated species. The results show that the peptic hydrolysis starts at the C-terminus of the protein. The release of known bioactive peptides from beta-casein following the peptic digestion under simulated gastric conditions is unlikely with a few exceptions. Furthermore, an amino acid variation was found, providing evidence for the existence of an additional genetic variant of beta-casein.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Separation and mass spectrometric characterization of covalently bound skin ceramides using LC/APCI-MS and Nano-ESI-MS/MS.
- Author
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Farwanah H, Pierstorff B, Schmelzer CE, Raith K, Neubert RH, Kolter T, and Sandhoff K
- Subjects
- Atmospheric Pressure, Ceramides analysis, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Densitometry, Nanotechnology, Ceramides isolation & purification, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Mass Spectrometry methods, Skin chemistry
- Abstract
Ceramides covalently bound to keratinocytes are essential for the barrier function of the skin, which can be disturbed in diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. These ceramides of the classes omega-hydroxyacyl-sphingosine and omega-hydroxyacyl-6-hydroxysphingosine contain an omega-hydroxy fatty acid. For their separation and identification, a new analytical approach based on normal phase liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem nano-electrospray mass spectrometry, respectively, is presented here. Tandem mass spectrometry provided structural information about the sphingoid base as well as the fatty acid moieties. The chain lengths of the bases ranged from C12 to C22, the chain lengths of the fatty acids varied between C28 and C36. In total, 67 ceramide species have been identified in human skin. The analytical methods presented in this work can be helpful for investigating alterations in the ceramide composition of the skin as seen in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and diseases with impaired epidermal barrier function.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Targeted ablation of Arnt in mouse epidermis results in profound defects in desquamation and epidermal barrier function.
- Author
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Geng S, Mezentsev A, Kalachikov S, Raith K, Roop DR, and Panteleyev AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Ceramides metabolism, Epidermis metabolism, Epidermis ultrastructure, Female, Filaggrin Proteins, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Targeting, Humans, Intermediate Filament Proteins metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Male, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, SCID, Mice, Transgenic, Organ Specificity, Protein Precursors metabolism, Skin metabolism, Skin Diseases, Genetic metabolism, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator genetics, Epidermis abnormalities
- Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of skin adaptation to the environmental stress are poorly understood. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt) lies at the intersection of several crucial adaptive pathways. Nevertheless, its role in adaptation of the skin to environmental stress has just begun to be unraveled. Here we show that Arnt is expressed in human and mouse skin in a developmentally dependent manner. Targeted K14-driven deletion of Arnt in the mouse epidermis resulted in early postnatal death, associated with a failure of epidermal barrier function. Gene expression profiling of Arnt-null mouse epidermis revealed upregulation of genes of the epidermal differentiation complex on mouse chromosome 3, including S100a genes (S100a8, S100a9, S100a10) and genes coding for small proline-rich proteins (Sprr1a, Sprr2i, Sprr2j, Sprrl1). HPTLC analysis showed significant accumulation of Cer[NS] and Cer[NH] ceramide species in Arnt-null epidermis, suggesting alterations in lipid metabolism. Continuous retention of corneosomes in Arnt-null epidermis that resulted in an abnormally dense corny layer and impaired desquamation was associated with upregulation of Slpi, an inhibitor of stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE) that plays a key role in corneosome degradation. The functional defects in Arnt-null mouse epidermis underscore the crucial role of Arnt in the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis, especially during the perinatal transition to the ex utero environment.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Towards a molecular characterization of pharmaceutical excipients: mass spectrometric studies of ethoxylated surfactants.
- Author
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Raith K, Schmelzer CE, and Neubert RH
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Diglycerides chemistry, Molecular Structure, Molecular Weight, Nanotechnology, Octoxynol chemistry, Polidocanol, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Polysorbates chemistry, Excipients chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Surface-Active Agents chemistry
- Abstract
The in-depth characterization of excipients is a prerequisite for their safe application in pharmaceutical products. In case of surfactants, this task can be a challenge, since many industrial products are mixtures of variable composition. In this work, mass spectrometric methods are applied to characterize some ethoxylated surfactants that are widely used by the pharmaceutical industry. Among them are ethoxylated fatty alcohols with ether structure (e.g., Brij, ethoxylated fatty acids with ester structure (e.g., Myrj, ethoxylated sorbitane fatty acid esters (e.g., Tween, ethoxylated glycerides (e.g., Tagat, and Triton X-100. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is best suitable to obtain molecular mass distributions of polymeric products, namely those with higher molecular mass. Electrospray and nanoelectrospray molecular mass shows a greater tendency for multiple charges. However, it is best suitable for small MM products, and multiple charges have been de-convoluted successfully using the MaxEnt 3 algorithm. Tandem mass spectrometry helps to identify the chemical composition, e.g. for identification of acyl chains. The work is intended to serve as a reference for mass spectrometric characterization of surfactants in the course of R&D, validation or change control.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Profiling of human stratum corneum ceramides by means of normal phase LC/APCI-MS.
- Author
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Farwanah H, Wohlrab J, Neubert RH, and Raith K
- Subjects
- Ceramides isolation & purification, Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Mass Spectrometry, Molecular Structure, Ceramides analysis, Ceramides chemistry, Skin chemistry
- Abstract
The ceramides of the stratum corneum are critical to maintaining the epidermal barrier function of the skin. A number of skin diseases and disorders are known to be related to impairments of the ceramide pattern. Therefore, obtaining mass spectrometric profiles of the nine ceramide classes known to exist aids our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, which should eventually lead to new diagnostic opportunities: for example, the mass spectrometric profiles of patients suffering from serious skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis can be compared to those of healthy controls. Previous work on mass spectrometric analysis of ceramides relied mostly on GC/MS after hydrolysis and derivatization. The introduction of ESI-MS and LC/ESI-MS has provided new options for directly analyzing intact ceramides. However, some of the ceramide classes are not accessible to ESI-MS. However, as shown in this work, these limitations of GC/MS and ESI-MS can be overcome using a new approach based on normal phase LC interfaced with APCI-MS. Separation and online detection of the stratum corneum ceramide classes became possible in one run. Ceramide species with C26 and/or C28 fatty acid chains were the most abundant ones in Cer [NP], Cer [NH], Cer [AP], and Cer [AH]. The main component of Cer [AS] was C16. The omega-esterified ceramide classes Cer [EOS], Cer [EOP] and Cer [EOH] contained mostly species with fatty acids >C30. This was also the case for Cer [NS], suggesting an analogy to the omega-esterified ceramides. In addition, evidence for a new ceramide class Cer [NdS] was found.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Ceramide profiles of the uninvolved skin in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are comparable to those of healthy skin.
- Author
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Farwanah H, Raith K, Neubert RH, and Wohlrab J
- Subjects
- Adult, Ceramides analysis, Ceramides isolation & purification, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Densitometry, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Spectrometry, Middle Aged, Ceramides metabolism, Dermatitis, Atopic metabolism, Psoriasis metabolism, Skin metabolism
- Abstract
Ceramides are sphingolipids consisting of sphingoidbases, which are amide-linked to fatty acids. In the stratum corneum, they represent the major constituent of the free extractable intercellular lipids and play a significant role in maintaining and structuring the water permeability barrier of the skin. Using thin layer chromatography, which represents the method of the first choice in analyzing the stratum corneum ceramides, at least seven classes can be distinguished. Each ceramide class contains various species, which have the same head group and different chain lengths. As in many other skin disorders, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis show derangements in content and profile of the ceramides. Such derangements were reported for both the lesional involved as well as for the normal-appearing uninvolved skin. In this study, we focused on investigating the stratum corneum ceramides of the uninvolved skin in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients compared to healthy skin. The aim of the investigations was to explore possible significant and specific differences which can be accomplished for purposes of early diagnostics. The skin lipids were collected by means of an in vivo topical extraction procedure using an extraction mixture consisting of n-hexane and ethanol, (2:1). An automated multiple development-high performance thin layer chromatography (AMD-HPTLC) method with photodensitometric detection were applied to separate the ceramides and to estimate their contents. For studying their molecular profile within each ceramide class, a new method of normal phase HPLC with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry were used. The results obtained by AMD-HPTLC exposed no significant alterations regarding the relative composition of the major stratum corneum lipids and primarily the ceramides. In addition, the mass spectrometric profiles within each ceramide class were similar in the patients and the healthy control subjects. In conclusion, this study revealed that the normal-appearing uninvolved skin of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients does not prove significant or specific deficiencies with respect to the free extractable major stratum corneum lipids and mainly the ceramides, when compared to healthy skin. Thus, they cannot be used for diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, our data are not consistent with the concept that impairments in the ceramide composition represent an obligate etiologic factor for both diseases.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A new LC/APCI-MS method for the determination of cholesterol oxidation products in food.
- Author
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Raith K, Brenner C, Farwanah H, Müller G, Eder K, and Neubert RH
- Subjects
- Atmospheric Pressure, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cholesterol chemistry, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Food Analysis, Mass Spectrometry methods
- Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) can be formed in the body or in animal foods from cholesterol during food processing. A new method for the extraction and quantification of cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, cholestane-3beta-5alpha-6beta-triol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 5,6alpha-epoxycholesterol, and 7beta-hydroxycholesterol by means of reversed-phase LC/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry is presented. A baseline separation of all COPs was achieved, allowing a separate quantification also for isobaric compounds. The limits of detection were 15-30 ng/mL, quantification was performed from 100 ng/mL to 10 microg/mL with RSD < 2%. The method was applied successfully to the determination of cholesterol and COPs in processed foods such as pork, beef, chicken, and egg.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Analysis of benzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and atmospheric pressure photoionization.
- Author
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Schmidt J, Raith K, Boettcher C, and Zenk MH
- Subjects
- Atmospheric Pressure, Molecular Structure, Morphinans analysis, Morphinans chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Alkaloids analysis, Alkaloids chemistry, Benzylisoquinolines analysis, Benzylisoquinolines chemistry, Papaveraceae chemistry
- Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids found in the Papaveraceae family play a major role in pharmaceutical biology. This is the first systematic study dealing with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) of all benzylisoquinolines found as biogenetic precursors of morphinan alkaloids. Tandem mass spectral data are presented for norlaudanosoline, laudanosoline, 4'-O-methyl-norlaudanosoline, 6-O-methyl-norlaudanosoline, norcoclaurine, coclaurine, N-methylcoclaurine, N-methyl-3'-hydroxycoclaurine, N-methyl-3'-O-methylcoclaurine, norreticuline and reticuline. This study compares results obtained using an ion trap mass spectrometer with those obtained using a triple quadrupole one. The results highlight the differences of the tandem-in-time versus the tandem-in-space principle, often hampering the development of ESI-MS/MS libraries. Additionally, the use of the atmospheric pressure photoionisation technique for the analysis of such substances is discussed.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Induction of a hardening phenomenon by repeated application of SLS: analysis of lipid changes in the stratum corneum.
- Author
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Heinemann C, Paschold C, Fluhr J, Wigger-Alberti W, Schliemann-Willers S, Farwanah H, Raith K, Neubert R, and Elsner P
- Subjects
- Administration, Cutaneous, Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Ceramides metabolism, Cholesterol metabolism, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dermatitis, Irritant metabolism, Dermatitis, Irritant pathology, Fatty Acids metabolism, Female, Humans, Irritants administration & dosage, Male, Skin metabolism, Skin pathology, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate administration & dosage, Water Loss, Insensible drug effects, Dermatitis, Irritant etiology, Irritants pharmacology, Lipid Metabolism, Skin drug effects, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate pharmacology
- Abstract
Adaptation of the skin to repeated influence of exogenous irritants is called the hardening phenomenon. We investigated the stratum corneum lipid composition before and after induction of a hardening phenomenon. Irritant contact dermatitis was induced in 23 non-atopic volunteers by repeated occlusive application of 0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) over 3 weeks. At 3, 6 and 9 weeks after irritation, the SLS responses of pre-irritated skin and normal skin were compared. The horny layer lipid composition (ceramides 1-7, cholesterol and free fatty acids) was assessed before irritation and 3, 6 and 9 weeks after irritation. During the first 2 weeks of irritation the transepidermal water loss increased continuously and seemed to decrease during the third week (effect of adaptation). The barrier function of pre-irritated sites was more stable to SLS challenge. Three weeks after irritation, there was a significant increase of ceramide 1 (p<0.001). The only volunteer without hardening phenomenon showed no increase of ceramide 1. Ceramide 1 seems to play a key role as a protection mechanism against repeated irritation.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Mass spectrometric characterization of peptides derived by peptic cleavage of bovine beta-casein.
- Author
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Schmelzer CE, Schöps R, Ulbrich-Hofmann R, Neubert RH, and Raith K
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cattle, Molecular Sequence Data, Caseins chemistry, Peptide Mapping, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods
- Abstract
This study investigated the digestion of the milk protein beta-casein with pepsin under gastro-analogous conditions. Peptide sequences were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with post-source decay as well as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry by means of database searching. The new software tool, Mascot Distiller, improved the identification rate remarkably. In the case of small peptides, such as di- and tri-peptides, which are promising candidates for intestinal absorption and possible biological effects, identification was possible only after spectrum simulation and manual matching. A list of 41 identified peptides having 2-36 amino acids is given, and unexpected cleavage sites for pepsin are reported. Sequence coverage was 75%.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. LC/ESI-MS analysis of two elastin cross-links, desmosine and isodesmosine, and their radiation-induced degradation products.
- Author
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Getie M, Raith K, and Neubert RH
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Liquid, Desmosine chemistry, Desmosine radiation effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Isodesmosine chemistry, Isodesmosine radiation effects, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Ultraviolet Rays, Desmosine analysis, Isodesmosine analysis
- Abstract
In this work, the effect of Fenton reaction on two elastin cross-linked amino acids, desmosine (DES) and isodesmosine (IDE), in the absence or presence of different wavelength radiations generated from artificial sources has been evaluated using LC/ESI-MS. Irradiation as well as incubation of DES or IDE solutions in the presence of Fe(2+) and H(2)O(2) resulted in products with m/z 497.1 and 481.1 for [M+H](+). A strongly dose-dependent degradation of both amino acids was observed upon exposure to UVB at doses ranging from 0 to 3 J/cm(2) and a moderate dose-dependent degradation upon exposure to UVA at doses 10 times higher than that of UVB. A significant time-dependent degradation of DES and IDE was also observed upon exposure of these amino acids to a lamp emitting visible light similar to sunlight. Exposure of both amino acids to IR radiation (520 W) for 8 h did not cause significant degradation.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Electrospray tandem mass spectrometric investigations of morphinans.
- Author
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Raith K, Neubert R, Poeaknapo C, Boettcher C, Zenk MH, and Schmidt J
- Subjects
- Fourier Analysis, Indicators and Reagents, Morphine Derivatives chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Morphinans chemistry
- Abstract
In this study positive ESI tandem mass spectra of the [M + H]+ ions of morphinan alkaloids obtained using an ion trap MS were compared with those from a triple quadrupole MS. This allows to assess the differences of the tandem-in-time versus the tandem-in-space principle, often hampering the development of ESI MS/MS libraries. Fragmentation pathways and possible fragment ion structures were discussed. In order to obtain elemental composition, accurate mass measurements were performed. According to the MS/MS fragmentation pathway, the investigated compounds can be grouped into 4 subsets: (1) morphine and codeine, (2) morphinone, codeinone, and neopinone, (3) thebaine and oripavine, (4) salutaridine and salutaridinol. Salutaridinol-7-O-acetate shows a different fragmentation behavior because of the favored loss of acetic acid. Although most fragment ions occur in both ion trap and triple quad tandem mass spectra, some are exclusively seen in either type. For triple quad, quadrupole time-of-flight and FT-ICR MS/MS, the base peak of morphine results from an ion at m/z 165 that contains neither nitrogen nor oxygen. This ion is not found in ion trap MS/MS, but in subsequential MS3 and MS4.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Examinations of the antioxidative properties of the topically administered drug bufexamac reveal new insights into its mechanism of action.
- Author
-
Trommer H, Plätzer M, Raith K, Wohlrab W, Podhaisky HP, and Neubert RH
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage, Bufexamac administration & dosage, Cell Culture Techniques, Free Radicals, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydroxyl Radical chemistry, Iron, Keratinocytes, Mass Spectrometry, Oxidants chemistry, Ultraviolet Rays, alpha-Linolenic Acid metabolism, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Bufexamac pharmacology, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects
- Abstract
The effect of bufexamac on UV-irradiation-induced lipid peroxidation was investigated. Linolenic acid was used as a model lipid. Bufexamac was shown to be capable of reducing the amount of lipid peroxidation. The quantification was carried out by the thiobarbituric acid assay. Irradiation experiments were also performed using HaCaT keratinocytes as a model system. The oxidative changes were quantified by DNA synthesis measurements and cell viability determinations. Bufexamac was found to act antioxidatively again. To investigate free radical involvement, electron paramagnetic resonance studies were carried out. The influence of bufexamac on the concentration of hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton system was examined using the spin trapping technique. Moreover, the hydroxamic acid's ability to react with stable radicals was checked. The quantification assay of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate showed no concentration changes of the stable radical caused by bufexamac. In the Fenton assay antioxidative effects were measured after the addition of the drug. The qualitative changes after irradiating bufexamac were studied at a molecular level by electrospray mass spectrometry. Multiple-stage mass spectrometry experiments enabled the establishment of fragmentation schemes. Phenolic degradation products were detected. The results suggest a new interpretation of the controversially debated mechanism of action of bufexamac and indicate possible reasons for its eczema provoking potential.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Identification of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides by direct coupling of capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry.
- Author
-
Kühn AV, Rüttinger HH, Neubert RH, and Raith K
- Subjects
- Hyaluronic Acid metabolism, Hyaluronoglucosaminidase metabolism, Molecular Structure, Oligosaccharides metabolism, Streptococcus agalactiae enzymology, Electrophoresis, Capillary methods, Hyaluronic Acid chemistry, Oligosaccharides analysis, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods
- Abstract
A new method for the identification of oligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic digestion of hyaluronic acid (HA) with bacterial hyaluronidase (HA lyase, E.C. 4.2.2.1, from Streptococcus agalactiae) using online capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) is presented. A fused-silica capillary coated with polyacrylamide was used with a 40 mM ammonium acetate buffer at pH 9.0 and a separation voltage of +30 kV applied to the inlet. Separation was achieved for oligosaccharides containing 4-16 monomers. The migration behavior follows the chain length of the oligomers, regardless of charge state. However, no linear relationship was found for the relation between mobility and chain length. Using an ion trap mass analyzer, complementary structural information was obtained by MS/MS and MS(n) experiments., (Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Quantification of hyaluronic acid fragments in pharmaceutical formulations using LC-ESI-MS.
- Author
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Kühn AV, Raith K, Sauerland V, and Neubert RH
- Subjects
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Hyaluronic Acid chemistry, Pharmaceutical Preparations analysis, Pharmaceutical Preparations chemistry, Hyaluronic Acid analysis
- Abstract
Three different hyaluronic acid fragment preparations (HAF) derived from hyaluronic acid (HA) by hyaluronate lyase digestion have been investigated. The amount of these fragment mixtures in pharmaceutical formulations was determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). HAF analysis was performed in less than 8 min using a Nucleosil 100-7 C2 column. Based on the assumption that the mass distribution is kept constant, which is confirmed by the calibration results, quantification can be carried out relating to the most intense fragments. For that purpose, the ratios of the peak areas of product ions of m/z=378 (tetramer, hexamer, octamer) to the peak area of m/z=83 ([2xmaltose-H(+)], internal standard) were calculated. Calibration was done for each HAF and good linearity from 5 to 80 microg/ml has been shown. To evaluate the molecular weight distribution of the fragment preparations used in this approach MALDI-TOF, mass spectra have been collected.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Improved procedure for the separation of major stratum corneum lipids by means of automated multiple development thin-layer chromatography.
- Author
-
Farwanah H, Neubert R, Zellmer S, and Raith K
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Chromatography, Thin Layer methods, Lipids isolation & purification, Skin chemistry
- Abstract
The separation of the major stratum corneum lipids, i.e., ceramides, fatty acids, cholesterol and its esters by means of high-performance thin-layer chromatography is hereby presented. The used automated multiple development technique allows the reproducible development of a 17-step solvent gradient also capable of separating seven ceramide classes in the same run. Reliable quantification has been performed after visualisation and densitometric scanning. The present approach is less time and solvent-consuming than previously described procedures. The application to samples obtained by in vivo skin surface extraction with hexane-ethanol (2:1) demonstrates that the method can be routinely used for diagnostic purposes., (Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.)
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Characterization of povidone products by means of 13C-NMR, MALDI-TOF, and electrospray mass spectrometry.
- Author
-
Raith K, Kühn AV, Rosche F, Wolf R, and Neubert RH
- Subjects
- Carbon Radioisotopes, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy statistics & numerical data, Povidone chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization statistics & numerical data, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization statistics & numerical data, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Povidone analysis, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Affinity capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutics.
- Author
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Neubert RH, Schwarz MA, Mrestani Y, Plätzer M, and Raith K
- Subjects
- Electrophoresis, Capillary statistics & numerical data, Models, Chemical, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods, Electrophoresis, Capillary methods, Pharmaceutical Preparations chemistry
- Abstract
The technique of Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is a useful tool to characterize complexation and partition equilibria. A wide range of applications in pharmaceutics has been presented: the determination of pKA values, of association constants between drugs and cyclodextrins or amphiphilic compounds as well as the characterization of drug affinities to several vehicle systems, such as micelles, microemulsions and liposomes. Due to the widespread use of capillary electrophoresis in drug analysis, the technical equipment is quite common. ACE is advantageous as a rapid and simple screening method which provides quantitative results about various interactions with a minimum of substance consumption and time spent.
- Published
- 1999
49. Two examples of rapid and simple drug analysis in pharmaceutical formulations using capillary electrophoresis: naphazoline, dexamethasone and benzalkonium in nose drops and nystatin in an oily suspension.
- Author
-
Raith K, Althoff E, Banse J, Neidhardt H, and Neubert RH
- Subjects
- Administration, Intranasal, Anti-Infective Agents, Local administration & dosage, Anti-Infective Agents, Local analysis, Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents analysis, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Antifungal Agents analysis, Benzalkonium Compounds administration & dosage, Benzalkonium Compounds analysis, Dexamethasone administration & dosage, Dexamethasone analysis, Glucocorticoids, Naphazoline administration & dosage, Naphazoline analysis, Nasal Decongestants administration & dosage, Nasal Decongestants analysis, Nystatin administration & dosage, Nystatin analysis, Suspensions, Electrophoresis, Capillary methods
- Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis is a versatile tool in pharmaceutical analysis. In the course of a revision of the "Standardrezepturen", a German formula of standard dispensings for preparation in pharmacies, this technique has been applied to drug analysis in pharmaceutical formulations. The present paper deals with two different examples. First, naphazoline, dexamethasone and the preservative benzalkonium are quantified in nose drops without any sample preparation. Second, the antifungal antibiotic nystatin is quantified using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in methanol after sample preparation from an oily suspension.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Characterization of micelles by capillary electrophoresis.
- Author
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Schwarz MA, Raith K, and Neubert RH
- Subjects
- Bile Acids and Salts, Fatty Acids, Fluorescence, Lasers, Mass Spectrometry, Phosphatidylcholines, Ultraviolet Rays, Electrophoresis, Capillary methods, Micelles
- Abstract
A practical approach for the characterization of pure micelles, and binary or ternary mixed micelles by capillary electrophoretic methods is presented. Interest is focused on the determination of mobility and composition of the micelles. The investigations are performed with bile salts, phosphatidylcholines and fatty acids. Pure bile salt micelles are characterized with the help of marking and displacement methods. Binary bile salt/phospholipid and ternary bile salt/phospholipid/fatty acid micelles are analyzed using capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques with standard and improved UV detection, laser-induced fluorescence and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). For both the binary and the ternary systems, only one stable mixed micellar phase is found with a high negative mobility.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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