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Background and purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients face a strongly unfavorable prognosis despite multimodal therapy regimens. However, individualized mortality prediction remains imprecise. Harnessing routine radiation planning cranial computed tomography (CT) scans, we assessed cervical body composition measures as novel biomarkers for overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. Materials and methods: We performed threshold-based semi-automated quantification of muscle and subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area (CSA) at the levels of the first and second cervical vertebral body. First, we tested this method’s validity by correlating cervical measures to established abdominal body composition in an open-source whole-body CT cohort. We then identified consecutive patients undergoing radiation planning for recent GBM diagnosis at our institution from 2010 to 2020 and quantified cervical body composition on radiation planning CT scans. Finally, we performed univariable and multivariable time-to-event analyses, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, performance status, extent of surgical resection, extent of tumor at diagnosis, and MGMT methylation. Results: Cervical body composition measurements were well-correlated with established abdominal markers (Spearman’s rho greater than 0.68 in all cases). Subsequently, we included 324 GBM patients in our study cohort (median age 63 years, 60.8% male). 293 (90.4%) patients died during follow-up. Median survival time was 13 months. Patients with below-average muscle CSA or above-average fat CSA demonstrated shorter survival. In multivariable analyses, continuous cervical muscle measurements remained independently associated with OS. Conclusion: This exploratory study establishes novel cervical body composition measures routinely available on cranial radiation planning CT scans and confirms their association with OS in patients diagnosed with GBM., Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).

Reseñas iberoamericanas, IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal, Vol. 22 Núm. 80 (2022)

New Zealand’s agricultural landscape and exports have been reshaped by the massive growth of its wine industry in recent years. The article shows how the successful establishment of the country on a global wine market was driven by the exchange of capital, people, knowledge and technology. As a node in a global network, New Zealand’s wine industry can be conceptualised as a driver and as a result of globalisation processes.

Las comunidades rurales en las áreas periféricas en todo el mundo se enfrentan a múltiples desafíos, los cuales tienen importantes efectos económicos, sociales, culturales y ecológicos. Para hacer frente a esta situación, las comunidades y movimientos sociales en estas áreas resisten e innovan, construyendo espacios económicos alternativos, contestatarios del régimen neoliberal imperante. Considerando que es importante visibilizar estas movilizaciones sociales para la construcción de un mundo “pluriverso”, nuestros objetivos son: 1) visibilizar dos experiencias de cooperativismo desde la perspectiva de las transiciones ecológicas y civilizatorias y 2) aportar a tender puentes y diálogos entre los estos enfoques de transiciones del Norte y Sur Global, en pos de hallar mutuos beneficios que permitan lograr transformaciones exitosas. Para ello, analizamos dos casos de estudio: la Red de Turismo Campesino (Valles Calchaquíes) y Alchemilla (Großes Walsertal). Rural communities in peripheral areas are confronted with multiple challenges that have economic, social, cultural and ecological consequences. In order to confront this situation, social movements construct alternative economic spaces that contest the dominant neoliberal paradigm. We consider that it is important to make these social mobilizations visible in order to contribute to the construction of a more “pluriverso” world. Against this background, our objectives are: 1) to make visible two experiences of cooperativism from the perspective of ecological and civilization transitions; 2) to construct bridges and dialogues between transition approaches from the Global North and South, looking for mutual benefits that could help to construct successful transitions. In order to do so, we analyze two case studies: the Red de Turismo Campesino (Valles Calchaquíes) and Alchemilla (Großes Walsertal). Fil: Garay, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina Fil: Rainer, Gerhard. Katholische Universitat Eichstatt-ingolstadt; Alemania Fil: Kratzer, Armin. Universidad de Innsbruck; Austria Fil: Krapovickas, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina

Rural societies around the world face numerous challengesrelated to containing market pressures on agro-food production,which is causing a loss of competitiveness of small-scale agriculture.The outlook for the future is unclear for the rural population whilean increase in new capitalized actors is visible in the Global Northand South. However, there is also a display of resistance and innovativeactions by many groups in rural societies. This paper introducessome of the conceptual approaches underlying these developmentpaths. We provide an overview on the problem definitions, goals, meansand central actors that are nurturing these alternative economicspaces. In doing so, we seek to bridge some aspects of the North andSouth, co-creating the world we want. Fil: Kratzer, Armin. Innsbruck University; Austria Fil: Rainer, Gerhard. Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt; Alemania Fil: Garay, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina Fil: Krapovickas, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina

For animals with spatially complex behaviours at relatively small scales, the resolution of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver location is often below the resolution needed to correctly map animals’ spatial behaviour. Natural conditions such as canopy cover, canyons or clouds can further degrade GPS receiver reception. Here we present a detailed, high-resolution map of a 4.6 ha Neotropical river island and a 8.3 ha mainland plot with the location of every tree >5 cm DBH and all structures on the forest floor, which are relevant to our study species, the territorial frog Allobates femoralis (Dendrobatidae). The map was derived using distance- and compass-based survey techniques, rooted on dGPS reference points, and incorporates altitudinal information based on a LiDAR survey of the area.

Der Nordwesten Argentiniens, eine der ärmsten Regionen des Landes, verzeichnet seit der in den 1990er Jahren vorangetriebenen neoliberalen Zurichtung auf globale Wertschöpfungsketten eine besonders dynamische Wirtschaftsentwicklung. Das Voranschreiten der Sojapionierfront im Chaco, die Internationalisierung des Tourismus und neue Bergbau-Großprojekte in den Anden bestimmen maßgeblich die Entwicklung des ländlichen Raumes. Vor dem Hintergrund ausgeprägter gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheiten in der Region stellt sich die Frage, wie Kosten und Gewinne dieser neuen regionalen Dynamiken verteilt sind. Fil: Paolasso, Pablo Cristian. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Rainer, Gerhard. Fil: Ruíz Peyré, Fernando. Fil: Coy, Martin.

„Empowerment“ ist zu einem Sammelbegriff von Aktivitaten und Theorien der Sozialarbeit geworden (vgl. nachstehende Einfuhrungen durch Herriger und Hermanns et al). Grundsatzlich ist es das Ziel von bestarkender Sozialarbeit, bei den Starken der Klienten anzusetzen und ihnen bei der Entdek-kung ihrer eigenen Moglichkeiten zu helfen. Empowerment ist dann erfolgreich, wenn die bestarkten Personen grostmogliche Kontrolle uber ihr Leben gewinnen und die sozialen und materiellen Moglichkeiten fur sich nutzen konnen, die ihnen zur Verfugung stehen — bei moglichst geringem professionellen Eingriff in das Leben der Kinder und Jugendlichen und hoher Partizipation aller Beteiligten. Soweit die Theorie. Spannend ist vor allem die Frage nach der konkreten Umsetzung von Empowermentprozessen bei delinquenten Kindern und Jugendlichen bzw. bei straffalligen Jugendlichen und den sich daraus ergebenden Folgen fur die Betroffenen, die Professionellen und die Strukturen Sozialer Arbeit. Empowermentkonzepte der Kriminalitatspravention stehen in der Pflicht, nachzuweisen, was genau unter dem positiven, aber auch vieldeutigen Begriff des Empowerments verstanden wird und vor allem, welche praktischen und theoretischen Konsequenzen sich daraus ergeben. Die Provokation von Empowermentkonzepten im Bereich des Umgangs mit delinquenten Kindern und straffalligen Jugendlichen liegt in der Frage, wieviel bzw. wie wenig und welcher Eingriff zu welchem Zeitpunkt notwendig ist.