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Titanium nanotubes have attractive morphological and physicochemical properties for several applications, such as high surface area, mesoporous structure, good stability, ion exchange capacity, and antibacterial property. Therefore, the field of nanotube applications is increasingly expanding, such as in solar cells sensitized by dye, photocatalysis, and antibacterial activity, among others. Therefore, a study of the antibacterial properties of sodium titanate nanotubes (Na-TiNTs) was carried out together with physicochemical characterizations, such as Raman spectroscopy which shows a peak characteristic of Na-O-Ti from nanotube-agglomerated regions. The XRD diffractogram confirmed the Raman spectra and evidenced the crystalline structure associated to Na-TiNT, which showed the characteristic peaks of the sodium trititanate crystal. SEM and TEM images showed the morphology of hollow nanotubes and forming semispherical particles. EDS shows the percentage values of each of the compounds in the Na-TiNT. The bacterial activity of the Na-TiNT was analyzed in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Na-TiNT modified the activity of the gentamicin and norfloxacin antibiotics against multiresistant strains. Synergistic effects against Gram-positive S. aureus 10 and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa 15 bacteria were observed when the Na-TiNT was associated with gentamicin, reducing the concentration of this antibiotic that is required to inhibit bacterial growth. Another synergic effect was observed for S. aureus 10 with norfloxacin.

This study is a pioneer in reporting the antibacterial properties of the species Croton ceanothifolius Baill. The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae composed of numerous species with documented biological activities. However, the pharmacological properties of C. ceanothifolius remain poorly understood. The leaves of this plant were submitted to hydrodistillation for essential oil (CcEO) extraction and the phytochemical characterization of the oil was performed by GC/MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the CcEO was determined for the evaluation of antibacterial activity against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic-modulating activity of the oil, in combination with antibiotics, was also evaluated. The combination of the CcEO with penicillin, norfloxacin, and gentamicin presented a synergistic effect. This effect was more significant for the association with antibiotics of the quinolone and aminoglycoside classes against Escherichia coli. The association of oil with gentamicin showed better results with regard to the Gram-positive strain. The association of the oil with norfloxacin against P. aeruginosa also showed synergism, but the association with penicillin did not change the effect of this antibiotic. Thus, it is concluded that C. ceanothifolius essential oil selectively potentiates the action of antibiotics against multiresistant strains.

In this study, it was adjusted a mathematical model to measure the effect of electric motor efficiency on pumping system costs for irrigation on the tariff structure of conventional electricity and green horo-seasonal , and also to calculate the recovery period of the invested capital in higher efficiency equipment. Then, it was applied to a center pivot irrigation system in two options of electric motor efficiency, 92,6% (standard line) and 94,3% (high efficiency line), and the acquisition cost of the first corresponded to 70% the of the second. The power of the electric motor was 100hp. The results showed that the model allowed us to evaluate if a high efficiency motor was economically viable compared to the standard motor in each tariff structure. The high efficiency motor was not viable in the two tariff structures. In the green horo-seasonal tariff, would only be viable if its efficiency was 4.46% higher than the standard motor. In the conventional tariff, it would only be viable if the efficiency overcame 2.71%.Neste trabalho, ajustou-se um modelo matemático para quantificar o efeito do rendimento do motor elétrico sobre os custos de um sistema de bombeamento para irrigação na estrutura tarifária de energia elétrica convencional e horo-sazonal verde, bem como calcular o tempo de recuperação do capital investido no equipamento de maior rendimento. Em seguida, o mesmo foi aplicado a um sistema de irrigação tipo pivô central em duas opções de rendimento do motor elétrico: 92,6% (linha padrão) e 94,3% (linha alto rendimento), sendo que o custo de aquisição do primeiro correspondeu a 70% do segundo. A potência do motor elétrico era de 100 cv. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo permitiu avaliar se um motor de alto rendimento era viável economicamente em relação ao motor-padrão em cada estrutura tarifária. Nas duas estruturas tarifárias, o motor de alto rendimento não foi viável. Na tarifa horo-sazonal verde, somente seria viável se seu rendimento fosse 4,46% superior ao do motor-padrão. Na tarifa convencional, somente seria viável se o ganho de rendimento superasse 2,71%.

Mercury is a very dangerous metal when humans come into contact with it, whether through the air or skin or by ingestion. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible effects of the ethanol extract and fractions of Lygodium venustum Sw. against mercurium chloride toxicity towards Escherichia coli strain ATCC25922. The polyphenols and flavonoids present in the extract and fractions were quantified in mg equivalent of gallic acid/g sample and mg equivalent of quercetin/g sample, respectively. The in vitro FRAP method demonstrated the antioxidant activity of the samples. The antibacterial activity of the natural products was evaluated by microdilution method and by assays to elucidate the possible cytoprotective action when combining the natural products samples and mercurium chloride, utilizing the extract and fractions at a subinhibitory concentration. The results obtained in this work indicate that the ethanol extract and fractions of L. venustum are an alternative source of natural products with cytoprotective action, where this protection is correlated with antioxidant and chelating activity, due to the presence of total phenols and flavonoids.

The South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800) population is steadily expanding along the Patagonian coast of Argentina in the last decades. However, little is known about the feeding ecology of the species in the area. The aim of this study was to analyze the food habits of O. flavescens from 91 scats collected at Río Negro province, during the winter and spring of 2005. Fish occurred in 96% of scats containing prey remains, followed by cephalopods (26%). Raneya brasiliensis (Kaup, 1856) was the most frequent and abundant species occurring in 58.6% of samples and constituting almost 50% of fish predated. Second in importance were Porichthys porosissimus (Cuvier, 1829) and Cynoscion guatucupa (Cuvier, 1830) in terms of occurrence (%FO 20.7) and numbers (29.6%) respectively. The squid Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) was the most frequent cephalopod prey (42.1%), whereas Octopus tehuelchus (d'Orbigny, 1834) was the most abundant (77%). The higher amount and diversity of prey found in the spring in comparison with the winter season might be related to a higher feeding activity of seals or to a seasonal increase in food availability in the area.

Neste trabalho, ajustou-se um modelo matemático para quantificar o efeito da variação do rendimento da bomba hidráulica na variação dos custos de um sistema de bombeamento, na estrutura tarifária horossazonal verde (subgrupo A4) e o tempo de recuperação do capital investido no equipamento de maior rendimento. Em seguida, o mesmo foi aplicado a um sistema de bombeamento para suprimento de um sistema de irrigação do tipo pivô central. As opções de rendimento da bomba hidráulica foram: 69,5% (bomba 1), 73% (bomba 2) e 78% (bomba 3), cujos custos de aquisição foram, respectivamente, R$ 6.176,00, R$ 8.479,00 e R$ 15.509,00. Os resultados da aplicação do modelo mostraram que: i) a substituição da bomba 1 pela bomba 2 foi viável, sendo o período de recuperação de capital 3,4 anos; ii) a substituição da bomba 1 pela bomba 3 foi viável, sendo o período de recuperação de capital 9,2 anos; iii) a substituição da bomba 2 pela bomba 3 foi inviável, sendo o período de recuperação de capital 21,1 anos superior ao período de amortização do investimento na avaliação econômica, considerado 15 anos.In this study a mathematical model was adjusted to quantify the effect of the pump efficiency on cost variation of the pumping system in the green hourly seasonal tariff (subgroup A4 - irrigation) and the investment recovery period by a more efficient pumping station. Afterwards, the same model was applied in a pumping system supplying a center pivot irrigation machine. The hydraulics pump efficiency options were: 69.5% (pump 1), 73% (pump 2) and 78% (pump 3), with acquisition costs of R$ 6,176.00, R$ 8,479.00 and R$ 15,509.00, respectively. The results of the model applied showed that: i) the substitution of pump 1 for 2 was feasible, being the investment recovery period of 3.4 years; ii) the substitution of bomb 1 for 3 was feasible, being the investment recovery period of 9.2 years; and iii) the substitution of bomb 2 for 3 was unfeasible, being the investment recovery period of 21.1 years, therefore superior to its useful life span, considered 15 years.

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu no estudo da fertirrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, no segundo e terceiro ciclos de cultivo, e os efeitos nos índices tecnológicos na cultura. O experimento foi desenvolvido na área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, FCA/UNESP - Botucatu. O tubo gotejador foi instalado a 30 cm de profundidade e sob a fileira de plantio da cana-de-açúcar. A variedade cultivada foi a RB 72454. O tratamento com a aplicação da maior dose de NK via fertirrigação foi o que respondeu melhor, apresentando produtividade de colmos de 190,01 t ha-1 e 168,80 t ha-1 para o segundo e terceiro ciclos, respectivamente. A fertirrigação não alterou a qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar nos dois ciclos estudados e proporcionou incrementos na produção de colmos em relação à testemunha, de 43,5% e 67,2%, para o segundo e terceiro cortes, respectivamente.The objective of this work consisted in the study of the fertigation and subsurface drip irrigation in the sugarcane productivity, in the second and the third seasons and technological effects in the growth. The experiment was developed in the experimental area of the Agronomical Sciences Faculty, FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, Brazil. The drip pipe was installed at 30 cm of depth and under the plantation line of sugar cane RB 72454 variety. The fertigation treatment with the biggest dose presented the better yield, with 190.01 t ha-1 and 168.80 t ha-1 to the second and the third harvest, respectively. The fertigation did not modify the technological qualities of the sugarcane in the two studied seasons, and the irrigation provided 43.5% and 67.2% of increments in the production of stem, to the second and third cut, respectively.

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.

Abstract Background Piauí is located in Northeastern Brazil, an endemic area for Chagas disease, with the Brazilian semiarid representing the second region in number of people infected by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The state of Piauí is one of the most socially vulnerable territories with direct impact on the access to diagnosis and treatment of Chagas disease for the population living in rural communities. Triatoma brasiliensis is the vector species of greatest epidemiological importance in Northeastern Brazil. We investigated the triatomine fauna and risk factors associated to T. cruzi transmission in two municipalities, Pedro II and Oeiras, located in different mesoregions of Piauí. Methods Twenty-three rural areas were selected for triatomines search and serological survey of the population. The analysis of triatomines consisted on identifying T. cruzi infection index by microscopy and kDNA-PCR followed by parasite genotyping through the use of multilocus PCR to characterize the discrete typing units (DTUS), and the identification of food sources using PCR directed to the 12S rRNA gene of vertebrates and sequencing. Results A total of 1,043 triatomines identified as T. brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata, Rhodnius nasutus, Rhodnius sp. and Panstrongylus lutzi were collected. The overall positivity for T. cruzi was 4.6% and 11.4% by microscopy and kDNA-PCR, respectively. The DTUs TcV (∼ 44%) and TcI (∼ 43%) were the most prevalent in either single or mixed infections. This is the first report of TcV and TcVI infections in vectors of Piauí. The most frequent blood source was Homo sapiens (46.5%), of which ∼ 42% individuals (28/67) were collected indoors and four of them (14.3%) tested positive for T. cruzi kDNA in Pedro II. Chicken (∼ 19%), domestic cat (∼ 17%) and others were also identified as feeding sources for triatomines. Serological survey revealed 2% seroprevalence. Variables as age over 60 years (p = 0.01), Black race (p = 0.002) and occupation as retired (p = 0.004) significantly influenced the seropositivity. Conclusion Despite the reduced seroprevalence of the population, the epidemiological scenario of Chagas disease in both municipalities highlights the risk of the re-emergence of domestic vector-borne transmission. Ensuring continued entomological surveillance and vector control programs and providing access to diagnosis and treatment for the susceptible population are still needed.

Objetivou-se identificar o que emerge de vídeos que abordam a Educação Financeira na Educação Matemática, por meio do que é propagado em canais do YouTube. Para a caracterização dos vídeos, utilizou-se a ferramenta YouTube Data Tools, baseada no API do YouTube. Foi analisado os metadados e as transcrições dos vídeos mais relevantes nesta temática. Constatou-se que, aproximadamente, 42% dos vídeos pertenciam à categoria educação, associados a canais de universidades. Verificou-se um entrelaçamento entre professor e Educação Financeira, com discussões numa perspectiva de formação crítica. Além disso, identificou-se que, entre as potencialidades da Educação Financeira para a sociedade, estão: auxílio da tomada de decisão; consumo consciente; gerenciamento e planejamento adequado das finanças; e melhoria na qualidade de vida.

Abstract As part of the “Flora of Ceará: Knowing to Conserve” project, this study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity and distribution of Vochysiaceae species in the state of Ceará. The identifications, descriptions, comments on ecology and distribution, illustrations and distribution maps of the taxa were based on the analysis of samples obtained in the field, in collections deposited in herbaria, and specialized bibliographies. Eight species of Vochysiaceae belonging to four genera occur in Ceará: Callisthene (2), Qualea (2), Salvertia (1), and Vochysia (3). The species were recorded in 41 municipalities. Callisthene fasciculata and Qualea parviflora were the species with the most collection records. The species inhabit different phytoecological units in Ceará and were recorded mainly in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Mata úmida), Steppic Savanna (Caatinga/Carrasco), and Neotropical Savanna and Neotropical Savanna (Cerrado). Seven species occur in five different Conservation Areas. Vochysia oppugnata is a new occurrence for the state of Ceará and was recorded in Dense Ombrophilous Forest.

Chalcones are present in a wide variety of plants, having in their structure two aromatic rings that are linked together by a chain composed of three carbon atoms with α, β‐unsaturated to carbonyl system. Bacteria have several drug resistance mechanisms, among them the efflux pump; this mechanism, when active, is able to expel different compounds from inside bacterial cells. Several efflux pumps have already been identified for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, including MepA and NorA. Many chalcones have been isolated and identified with various activities, such as antimicrobial. In view of this, this article aimed to evaluate the antibiotic modifying effect of chalcone (E)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐(3‐nitrophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one against S. aureus carrier of NorA and MepA efflux pump. Regarding the antibiotic, there was a synergism when associated with ciprofloxacin in SA‐K2068 strain, showing this chalcone as an alternative to reverse the resistance to this medicine. The physicochemical properties calculated were fundamental in the description of the predicted pharmacokinetic properties. Despite the mutagenic risk caused by the metabolic activation of nitrochalcone, it is possible to notice a pharmacological principle in a longer half‐life for the performance of biological activities. The compound has a good bioavailability, as it is highly absorbed in the intestine and easily transported by plasma proteins, in addition to not presenting neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and cardiotoxic damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introdução: A Leishmania infantum é o agente etiológico causador da leishmaniose visceral, doença que afeta milhões de pessoas ao redor do mundo. Este estudo explora o potencial terapêutico da suplementação com L-Citrulina, um aminoácido não essencial, na modulação da resposta imune e atenuação da progressão dessa doença em modelos murinos. Métodos: Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com o início da suplementação de L-citrulina: tratamento prévio (Grupo A) e tratamento sincrônico (Grupo B), cada um contendo 20 animais. Após 7 dias do início da suplementação no grupo A, 10 camundongos dos grupos A e B foram inoculados com 1x106 promatigotas de L. infantum e os demais receberam solução salina. Após 7 dias de infecção, todos os animais foram analisados clinicamente. Além disso, estes tiveram o peso corporal analisado em três momentos: 7 dias antes da infecção, no dia da infecção e após 7 dias de infecção ao final, os valores foram tabelados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Foi possível verificar que suplementação de L-Citrulina resultou em um maior percentual de ganho de peso corporal nos animais tanto infectados quanto não infectados nos períodos analisados. No grupo tratado sincronicamente com a infecção, os animais infectados apresentaram ganho de peso significativo quando comparado ao que receberam solução salina. Conclusão: A suplementação de L-Citrulina pode enquadrar-se como uma estratégia nutricional promissora durante tratamento da infecção por L. infantum, logo, torna-se interessante avaliar os efeitos do uso desse aminoácido em humanos e em outras doenças hipercatabolicas.

ABSTRACT Landoltia punctata is a species of duckweed originating from India, but has been recorded in all continents, except Antarctica. It is of economic interest, being used in phytoremediation, but mainly due to its high invasive potential. Here we report the first record of this species in the Amazon region, both expanding its known distribution and raising awareness about the potential losses of biodiversity that may occur in the kind of environment where the species was registered. Future studies should focus on the competitive potential and population control of L. punctata in the region.

Resultado de pesquisa de Pós-doutorado em Geografia, pela Universidade Federal do Piauí, o texto em apresentação traz resultados que apontam respostas se no agrupamento da RIDE Teresina tem havido a construção de integração e desenvolvimento, a partir do cumprimento do documento orientador de funcionamento do grupo, intitulado “Plano de Ação 2015”, desde suas oito linhas estratégicas de intervenção, em treze, dum total de quinze municípios integrantes da RIDE. Metodologicamente, a investigação é pautada em uma bifurcação de possibilidades: uma de ordem teórica-conceitual e ou outra técnica. Pela primeira, há importante discussão em categorias analíticas que deram suporte a compreensão do fenômeno pretendido. A segunda diz respeito à coleta e tratamento de dados, a partir de relatórios, dados e informações obtidos através de visitas técnicas às prefeituras, de cada município selecionado para esta pesquisa. Como resultado, temos um grupo de municípios dependentes e alienados à capital do estado do Piauí. Nesse contexto, os propósitos desenhados desde o Plano de Ação não passam de promessas agendas, sem o real cumprimento, conforme foram projetadas, desde o ano de 2015, fato que tem marginalizado o real sentido de existência do grupo, seja para integração, seja para o desenvolvimento dentro de seu quadro regional. ABSTRACT: Result of Post-doctoral research in Geography, by the Federal University of Piaui, the text presented brings results that indicate answers whether in the RIDE Teresina group there has been the construction of integration and development, based on compliance with the guiding document for the functioning of the group, entitled “Action Plan 2015”, from its eight strategic lines of intervention, in thirteen, out of a total of fifteen municipalities that are part of RIDE. Methodologically, the investigation is based on a bifurcation of possibilities: one of a theoretical-conceptual nature and another technical. Firstly, there is an important discussion on analytical categories that supported the understanding of the intended phenomenon. The second concerns the collection and processing of data, based on reports, data and information obtained through technical visits to city halls, in each municipality selected for this research. As a result, we have a group of municipalities dependent on and alienated from the capital of the state of Piaui. In this context, the purposes designed since the Action Plan are nothing more than agenda promises, without real fulfillment, as they were projected, since 2015, a fact that has marginalized the real meaning of the group's existence, whether for integration or for development within its regional framework.

The discovery of new antibiotics is a major challenge these days, as the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has intensified in recent years and the responsiveness of traditional drugs has been impaired, mainly due to their early use. As a way to overcome this current problem, studies to discover new drugs have intensified and among them are inorganic compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the direct antibacterial activity and combined with antibiotics ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin of molybdic acid and potassium molybdate. Both compounds were chemically characterized and tested for their ability to inhibit the resistance mechanism presented by the Staphylococcus aureus (K-4100 e K-4414) strain, represented by the expression of the beta-lactamase enzyme. Microbiological tests were carried out using microdilution methodology with colorimetric development, using resazurin. Spectroscopic characterization was performed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), for molybdic acid, a band located at 952 cm−1 was visualized, while for potassium molybdate the bands detected were located at 319 and 879 cm−1 The compounds did not show direct antibacterial activity, but acted to reinforce the effect of traditional antibiotics: ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, in different situations, against the bacteria Escherichia coli 06 and Staphylococcus aureus 10. Furthermore, the use of molybdates was promising in reversing the resistance mechanism of the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus K4100 and K4414. The results obtained are unprecedented for the molybdates tested and imply a better elucidation of the bioactivity of polyoxometalates and present new therapeutic possibilities through the use of molybdates. Toxicological tests and tests with other strains are encouraged through our research to better understand the activity of the compounds used.

In order to maximize the value of electronic health records (EHRs) for both health care and secondary use, it is necessary for the data to be interoperable and reusable without loss of the original meaning and context, in accordance with the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles. To achieve this, it is essential for health data platforms to incorporate standards that facilitate addressing needs such as formal modeling of clinical knowledge (health domain concepts) as well as the harmonized persistence, query, and exchange of data across different information systems and organizations. However, the selection of these specifications has not been consistent across the different health data initiatives, often applying standards to address needs for which they were not originally designed. This issue is essential in the current scenario of implementing the European Health Data Space, which advocates harmonization, interoperability, and reuse of data without regulating the specific standards to be applied for this purpose. Therefore, this viewpoint aims to establish a coherent, agnostic, and homogeneous framework for the use of the most impactful EHR standards in the new-generation health data spaces: OpenEHR, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13606, and Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). Thus, a panel of EHR standards experts has discussed several critical points to reach a consensus that will serve decision-making teams in health data platform projects who may not be experts in these EHR standards. It was concluded that these specifications possess different capabilities related to modeling, flexibility, and implementation resources. Because of this, in the design of future data platforms, these standards must be applied based on the specific needs they were designed for, being likewise fully compatible with their combined functional and technical implementation.

In this work, we report the synthesis of Na-TiNTs sodium titanate nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal method in a highly alkaline subsequently modified by the substitution of Na+ ions present in the walls of the nanotubes by ions of Sr2+ and Ga3+ revealing the presence of phases such as SrOH2 and α-GaOOH through the analysis by X-ray diffraction. Raman spectroscopy showed the characteristic peaks of the vibrational modes of the titanate nanotube structure. UV–Vis analysis revealed a blueshift of absorption edge that leads to an increase in the bandgap with the insertion of Sr and Ga ions. The ion exchange causes a decrease in the Urbach energy, which suggests a certain attenuation in the concentration of structural defects.Through the SEM images it is observed the cluster of interwoven nanotubes it self is characteristic of titanate nanotubes and, the elemental mapping shows the complete efficiency of the reaction process of sodium ion exchange by strontium and gallium in the Sr-TiNT and Ga-TiNT samples respectively, showing the environment of the chemical composition of the surface with the presence of chemical elements such as Sr, Ga. The Na-TiNT, Sr-TiNT, and Ga-TiNT nanotubes did not show direct antibacterial activity against the tested strains. The Na, Ga, and Sr TiNTs of the ampicillin antibiotic exhibited significant values against the microorganism S. aureus 10 compared to the control antibiotic, thereby reducing its inhibitory concentration. The same was observed for gentamicin. The Na-TiNT, in combination with gentamicin, displayed a reduction in inhibitory concentration compared to the control for P. aeruginosa 24. In E. coli 06, the Na, Sr, and Ga TiNTs showed a reduction in concentration when combined with gentamicin, indicating a potential synergistic effect.

Neste estudo, analisou-se pesquisas sobre a educação financeira e formação de professores produzidas pelos programas de Pós-Graduação desenvolvidas no Brasil, entre os quadriênios de avaliações de teses e dissertações no período de 2013 a 2016 e de 2017 a 2020, buscando fortalecer as contribuições destes conhecimentos científicos, haja vista que a inserção dessa temática na educação básica é uma prática recente no país. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca exploratória na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações e nos dados abertos da Capes, a qual foram selecionadas 11 produções. Como resultados encontrados, constatou-se que a maior concentração de produções esteve localizado na região Sudeste. No entanto, a Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) se apresentou como a instituição de ensino superior (IES) com maior número de produções quando comparadas a outra IES. O corpus da pesquisa que emergiu dessas produções foi analisado e categorizados em três classificações: (a) formação continuada, (b) nível de conhecimento em letramento financeiro dos professores e (c) análise dos documentos que regem o ensino superior, com relação a inserção da disciplina de matemática financeira. Verificou-se que a maioria das produções convergiram para a formação continuada deixando assim uma lacuna para as pesquisas relacionadas aos cursos de formação inicial de licenciatura em matemática.

BackgroundInappropriate medication in older patients with multimorbidity results in a greater risk of adverse drug events. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are intended to improve medication appropriateness. One approach to improving CDSSs is to use ontologies instead of relational databases. Previously, we developed OntoPharma—an ontology-based CDSS for reducing medication prescribing errors. ObjectiveThe primary aim was to model a domain for improving medication appropriateness in older patients (chronic patient domain). The secondary aim was to implement the version of OntoPharma containing the chronic patient domain in a hospital setting. MethodsA 4-step process was proposed. The first step was defining the domain scope. The chronic patient domain focused on improving medication appropriateness in older patients. A group of experts selected the following three use cases: medication regimen complexity, anticholinergic and sedative drug burden, and the presence of triggers for identifying possible adverse events. The second step was domain model representation. The implementation was conducted by medical informatics specialists and clinical pharmacists using Protégé-OWL (Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research). The third step was OntoPharma-driven alert module adaptation. We reused the existing framework based on SPARQL to query ontologies. The fourth step was implementing the version of OntoPharma containing the chronic patient domain in a hospital setting. Alerts generated from July to September 2022 were analyzed. ResultsWe proposed 6 new classes and 5 new properties, introducing the necessary changes in the ontologies previously created. An alert is shown if the Medication Regimen Complexity Index is ≥40, if the Drug Burden Index is ≥1, or if there is a trigger based on an abnormal laboratory value. A total of 364 alerts were generated for 107 patients; 154 (42.3%) alerts were accepted. ConclusionsWe proposed an ontology-based approach to provide support for improving medication appropriateness in older patients with multimorbidity in a scalable, sustainable, and reusable way. The chronic patient domain was built based on our previous research, reusing the existing framework. OntoPharma has been implemented in clinical practice and generates alerts, considering the following use cases: medication regimen complexity, anticholinergic and sedative drug burden, and the presence of triggers for identifying possible adverse events.

We report on XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and NICER X-ray observations of CTCV J2056–3014, a cataclysmic variable (CV) with one of the fastest-spinning white dwarfs (WDs) at P = 29.6 s. While previously classified as an intermediate polar, CJ2056 also exhibits the properties of WZ Sge–type CVs, such as dwarf novae and superoutbursts. With XMM-Newton and NICER, we detected the spin period up to ∼2 keV with 7 σ significance. We constrained its derivative to $|\dot{P}|\lt 1.8\times {10}^{-12}$ s s ^−1 after correcting for binary orbital motion. The pulse profile is characterized by a single broad peak with ∼25% modulation. NuSTAR detected a fourfold increase in unabsorbed X-ray flux coincident with an optical flare, in 2022 November. The XMM-Newton and NICER X-ray spectra at 0.310 keV are best characterized by an absorbed, optically thin three-temperature thermal plasma model ( kT = 0.3, 1.0, and 4.9 keV), while the NuSTAR spectra at 3–30 keV are best fit by a single-temperature thermal plasma model ( kT = 8.4 keV), both with Fe abundance Z _Fe / Z _⊙ = 0.3. CJ2056 exhibits similarities to other fast-spinning CVs, such as low plasma temperatures and no significant X-ray absorption at low energies. As the WD’s magnetic field strength is unknown, we applied both nonmagnetic and magnetic CV spectral models ( MKCFLOW and MCVSPEC ) to determine the WD mass. The derived WD mass range ( M = 0.7–1.0 M _⊙ ) is above the centrifugal breakup mass limit of 0.56 M _⊙ and consistent with the mean WD mass of local CVs ( M ≈ 0.8–0.9 M _⊙ ).

Abstract Background Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have been shown to reduce medication errors. However, they are underused because of different challenges. One approach to improve CDSS is to use ontologies instead of relational databases. The primary aim was to design and develop OntoPharma, an ontology based CDSS to reduce medication prescribing errors. Secondary aim was to implement OntoPharma in a hospital setting. Methods A four-step process was proposed. (1) Defining the ontology domain. The ontology scope was the medication domain. An advisory board selected four use cases: maximum dosage alert, drug-drug interaction checker, renal failure adjustment, and drug allergy checker. (2) Implementing the ontology in a formal representation. The implementation was conducted by Medical Informatics specialists and Clinical Pharmacists using Protégé-OWL. (3) Developing an ontology-driven alert module. Computerised Physician Order Entry (CPOE) integration was performed through a REST API. SPARQL was used to query ontologies. (4) Implementing OntoPharma in a hospital setting. Alerts generated between July 2020/ November 2021 were analysed. Results The three ontologies developed included 34,938 classes, 16,672 individuals and 82 properties. The domains addressed by ontologies were identification data of medicinal products, appropriateness drug data, and local concepts from CPOE. When a medication prescribing error is identified an alert is shown. OntoPharma generated 823 alerts in 1046 patients. 401 (48.7%) of them were accepted. Conclusions OntoPharma is an ontology based CDSS implemented in clinical practice which generates alerts when a prescribing medication error is identified. To gain user acceptance OntoPharma has been designed and developed by a multidisciplinary team. Compared to CDSS based on relational databases, OntoPharma represents medication knowledge in a more intuitive, extensible and maintainable manner.

BackgroundLeishmaniases are vector borne diseases caused by Leishmania spp. parasites transmitted by female sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) whose geographic distribution is influenced by environmental factors. Among the main tools for studying the distribution of vector species, modeling techniques are used to analyze the influence of climatic and environmental factors on the distribution of these insects and their association with human cases of the disease.Methodology/principal findingsHere, we used a multiscale ecological niche modeling approach to assess the environmental suitability of sandfly vectors of the etiological agents of Visceral (VL) and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Piauí state, northeastern Brazil, and then evaluated their relationship with human disease incidence. For this, we obtained the geographic coordinates of the vector species Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani through literature review, online databases and unpublished records. These data were used for the development of predictive models of the distribution of both sandflies species based on climatic and environmental variables. Finally, the environmental suitability for the presence of these vectors was compared with the incidence of both the diseases at the municipality level. The final models for each sandfly species showed good predictive powers with performance metric values of 0.889 for Lu. longipalpis and 0.776 for Ny. whitmani. The areas with greater environmental suitability for the presence of these species were concentrated in the central-north region of Piauí and coincide with the location of those municipalities presenting higher incidences of VL and ACL, situated in the central-north and extreme north of the state, respectively. The south and southeast regions of Piauí state have low incidence of these diseases and presented low environmental suitability for the presence of both vectors.Conclusions/significanceWe discuss how predictive modeling can guide entomological and epidemiological surveillances and recommend an increased supervision and control activities in Teresina (capital of the state of Piaui), Altos and Pedro II, in addition to other municipalities with similar social and environmental characteristics.

Este artigo analisa a implementação da Lei nº 10.639/03 como ferramenta político-pedagógica para uma educação antirracista na escola, no contexto da educação básica brasileira, A metodologia ancorou-se numa revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental da Lei nº 10. 639/03. Com aporte nas referências e no texto da referida Lei, evidencia-se que a partir do cenário de desigualdades raciais e exclusões sociais do povo negro é que as políticas públicas reparadoras e ações afirmativas se fazem necessárias para o combate ao preconceito racial na sociedade brasileira. Nesse sentido, corrobora-se para a ressignificação e valorização da população negra nos aspectos culturais, sociais, científicos, políticos entre outros. Assim, torna-se importante a desconstrução de práticas estereotipadas que estão presentes nas instituições escolares, buscando, por meio de uma educação antirracista, reconhecer a contribuição da população negra na construção da sociedade brasileira.

Neste artigo teve-se como objetivo analisar dificuldades de aprendizagem em Análise Combinatória e Probabilidade manifestadas por 35 alunos do segundo ano do ensino médio de uma Escola pública do município de Centro Novo do Maranhão – MA. Utilizamos como metodologia de ensino volantes de loterias da Caixa Econômica Federal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Os resultados revelaram que os estudantes apresentam dificuldades em resolução de problemas envolvendo principalmente probabilidade. Assim como, em interpretar os resultados obtidos. Embora, alguns deles tenham demonstrado apropriação dos conteúdos ministrados, mesmo assim, ainda cometiam muitos erros ao resolver os problemas propostos. Muitas das dificuldades dos alunos apontavam para não conhecimentos de conceitos básicos de matemática. No entanto, estes resultados obtidos com o ensino baseado em volantes lotéricos podem ajudar mais significativamente para a aprendizagem dos estudantes.

BackgroundTo discover new knowledge from data, they must be correct and in a consistent format. OntoCR, a clinical repository developed at Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, uses ontologies to represent clinical knowledge and map locally defined variables to health information standards and common data models. ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to design and implement a scalable methodology based on the dual-model paradigm and the use of ontologies to consolidate clinical data from different organizations in a standardized repository for research purposes without loss of meaning. MethodsFirst, the relevant clinical variables are defined, and the corresponding European Norm/International Organization for Standardization (EN/ISO) 13606 archetypes are created. Data sources are then identified, and an extract, transform, and load process is carried out. Once the final data set is obtained, the data are transformed to create EN/ISO 13606–normalized electronic health record (EHR) extracts. Afterward, ontologies that represent archetyped concepts and map them to EN/ISO 13606 and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM) standards are created and uploaded to OntoCR. Data stored in the extracts are inserted into its corresponding place in the ontology, thus obtaining instantiated patient data in the ontology-based repository. Finally, data can be extracted via SPARQL queries as OMOP CDM–compliant tables. ResultsUsing this methodology, EN/ISO 13606–standardized archetypes that allow for the reuse of clinical information were created, and the knowledge representation of our clinical repository by modeling and mapping ontologies was extended. Furthermore, EN/ISO 13606–compliant EHR extracts of patients (6803), episodes (13,938), diagnosis (190,878), administered medication (222,225), cumulative drug dose (222,225), prescribed medication (351,247), movements between units (47,817), clinical observations (6,736,745), laboratory observations (3,392,873), limitation of life-sustaining treatment (1,298), and procedures (19,861) were created. Since the creation of the application that inserts data from extracts into the ontologies is not yet finished, the queries were tested and the methodology was validated by importing data from a random subset of patients into the ontologies using a locally developed Protégé plugin (“OntoLoad”). In total, 10 OMOP CDM–compliant tables (“Condition_occurrence,” 864 records; “Death,” 110; “Device_exposure,” 56; “Drug_exposure,” 5609; “Measurement,” 2091; “Observation,” 195; “Observation_period,” 897; “Person,” 922; “Visit_detail,” 772; and “Visit_occurrence,” 971) were successfully created and populated. ConclusionsThis study proposes a methodology for standardizing clinical data, thus allowing its reuse without any changes in the meaning of the modeled concepts. Although this paper focuses on health research, our methodology suggests that the data be initially standardized per EN/ISO 13606 to obtain EHR extracts with a high level of granularity that can be used for any purpose. Ontologies constitute a valuable approach for knowledge representation and standardization of health information in a standard-agnostic manner. With the proposed methodology, institutions can go from local raw data to standardized, semantically interoperable EN/ISO 13606 and OMOP repositories.

Abstract We examined here the diversity and distribution of Vitaceae species in Ceará state, Brazil, as part of the “Flora of Ceará Project: knowing to conserve”, analyzing the morphological characters of specimens collected in the field, those available in the ALCB, BHCB, EAC, CEN, EAFM, HCDAL, HST, HUEFS, HUVA, HVASF, IAN, IPA, K, MBM, MOSS, NY, P, R, UEC, and US herbaria or in the specialized literature. We include here an identification key, occurrence maps, morphological descriptions, and comments concerning their ecology. The main morphological features for species delimiting were leaf type and symmetry, trichome and tendril types, presence or absence of streaks on branches, stipule, flower bud and fruit shape. Eleven species of Vitaceae included within two genera were recorded in Ceará: Cissus albida, C. blanchetiana, C. campestris, C. erosa, C. gongylodes, C. subrhomboidea, C. sulcicaulis, C. tinctoria, C. verticillata, C. xerophila, and Clematicissus simsiana. The species were registered in 45 municipalities, with C. erosa and C. verticillata being widely distributed. Those species inhabit different phytoecological areas in Ceará, although preferentially growing in Stepic Savanna (Caatinga). Six species occur in nine legally protected conservation areas. Ceará state holds 40.74% of the registered species of the family found in northeastern Brazil.

O trabalho aqui apresentado objetivou identificar quais atividades foram desenvolvidas pelos discentes ao longo do Projeto Vivências (PV) em PU da grande Belém (PA). As Ciências Biológicas, de um modo geral nas escolas de ensino básico é baseada nos livros didáticos, com alguns alunos memorizando os conteúdos sem relacionar com a realidade ou com algum tipo de aula prática. Nestas definições, podemos dizer que educação formal já não é incumbida de forma exclusiva para a aquisição de troca de conhecimento. Deste modo, um dos locais de grande aprendizado para a disciplina Biologia são os Parques Urbanos (PU), que passam a ser motivadores e prazerosos para alunos e professores. A metodologia utilizada foi através do levantamento das atividades através dos relatórios mensais dos participantes do projeto. Em seguida foi realizada a análise estatística. Como resultado o PU de maior frequência foi o Bosque Rodrigues Alves. A atividade mais relatada, pelos discentes, foram agendamento e monitoramento de visitas. Deste modo, conclui-se que o PV é de significativa importância no subsídio dos discentes do Curso de Ciências Biológicas, uma vez que o enriquecimento do conhecimento cognitivo, na aquisição de bagagem prática se torna de fundamental importância nas decisões relacionadas ao seu futuro profissional.

Os Grupos de Pesquisa são importantes ambientes para a discussão de ideias e para a formação do pesquisador, visando fomentar a melhoria da rede de investigação. Com isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear os Grupos de Pesquisa que fazem parte da Amazônia Legal Brasileira (ALB) e se debruçam sobre a temática de formação de professores de matemática. Para isso, realizou-se um levantamento de dados no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa, com foco nos grupos vinculados a instituições da ALB. Como resultados, encontrou-se que a maior parte dos Grupos de Pesquisa com esta temática estão localizados no Estado do Pará, e que há um certo isolamento dos pesquisadores em seus grupos. Outrossim, observou-se a ausência na formação de novos grupos após o ano de 2017, sendo importante incentivar a criação destes ambientes para uma ampliação das discussões dessa temática.

BackgroundThere is an increasing need to integrate patient-generated health data (PGHD) into health information systems (HISs). The use of health information standards based on the dual model allows the achievement of semantic interoperability among systems. Although there is evidence in the use of the Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (SMART on FHIR) framework for standardized communication between mobile apps and electronic health records (EHRs), the use of European Norm/International Organization for Standardization (EN/ISO) 13606 has not been explored yet, despite some advantages over FHIR in terms of modeling and formalization of clinical knowledge, as well as flexibility in the creation of new concepts. ObjectiveThis study aims to design and implement a methodology based on the dual-model paradigm to communicate clinical information between a patient mobile app (Xemio Research) and an institutional ontology-based clinical repository (OntoCR) without loss of meaning. MethodsThis paper is framed within Artificial intelligence Supporting CAncer Patients across Europe (ASCAPE), a project that aims to use artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) mechanisms to support cancer patients’ health status and quality of life (QoL). First, the variables “side effect” and “daily steps” were defined and represented with EN/ISO 13606 archetypes. Next, ontologies that model archetyped concepts and map them to the standard were created and uploaded to OntoCR, where they were ready to receive instantiated patient data. Xemio Research used a conversion module in the ASCAPE Local Edge to transform data entered into the app to create EN/ISO 13606 extracts, which were sent to an Application Programming Interface (API) in OntoCR that maps each element in the normalized XML files to its corresponding location in the ontology. This way, instantiated data of patients are stored in the clinical repository. ResultsBetween December 22, 2020, and April 4, 2022, 1100 extracts of 47 patients were successfully communicated (234/1100, 21.3%, extracts of side effects and 866/1100, 78.7%, extracts of daily activity). Furthermore, the creation of EN/ISO 13606–standardized archetypes allows the reuse of clinical information regarding daily activity and side effects, while with the creation of ontologies, we extended the knowledge representation of our clinical repository. ConclusionsHealth information interoperability is one of the requirements for continuity of health care. The dual model allows the separation of knowledge and information in HISs. EN/ISO 13606 was chosen for this project because of the operational mechanisms it offers for data exchange, as well as its flexibility for modeling knowledge and creating new concepts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experience reported in the literature of effective communication of EN/ISO 13606 EHR extracts between a patient mobile app and an institutional clinical repository using a scalable standard-agnostic methodology that can be applied to other projects, data sources, and institutions.