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Additional file 1: Table S4. Study outcomes, assessment methods and time points [49–60].

Additional file 2. The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Checklist for a clinical trial protocol.

Background: taking care of chronic or long-term patients at home is an arduous task. Non-professional caregivers suffer the consequences of doing so, especially in terms of their mental health. Performing some simple activities through a mobile phone app may improve their mindset and consequently increase their positivity. However, each caregiver may need support in different aspects of positive mental health. In this paper, a method is defined to calculate the utility of a set of activities for a particular caregiver in order to personalize the intervention plan proposed in the app. Methods: based on the caregivers' answers to a questionnaire, a modular averaging method is used to calculate the personal level of competence in each positive mental health factor. A reward-penalty scoring procedure then assigns an overall impact value to each activity. Finally, the app ranks the activities using this impact value. Results: the results of this new personalization method are provided based on a pilot test conducted on 111 caregivers. The results indicate that a conjunctive average is appropriate at the first stage and that reward should be greater than penalty in the second stage. Conclusions: the method presented is able to personalize the intervention plan by determining the best order of carrying out the activities for each caregiver, with the aim of avoiding a high level of deterioration in any factor.

Anticoncepció; Mètodes anticonceptius; Presa de decisions Anticoncepción; Métodos anticonceptivos; Toma de decisiones Contraception; Contraceptive methods; Decision making El present document és el resultat de l’anàlisi qualitativa que es va dur a terme entre novembre del 2019 i juliol del 2020 amb l’objectiu de conèixer les opinions que té la població sobre l’anticoncepció, i més específicament sobre quins aspectes influeixen en l’elecció del mètode anticonceptiu, què esperen les usuàries de les consultes d’anticoncepció, quin és el paper dels homes i com creuen els professionals que es poden millorar les consultes d’anticoncepció. En última instància, l’objectiu final és crear una eina web de decisions compartides que inclogui els mètodes hormonals i els mètodes no hormonals, com per exemple mètodes naturals, mètodes de barrera, mètodes irreversibles i el dispositiu intrauterí (DIU) de coure.

Background: While nonprofessional caregivers often experience a sense of fulfillment when they provide care, there is also a significant risk of emotional and physical burnout. Consequently, this can negatively affect both the caregiver and the person being cared for. Intervention programs can help empower nonprofessional caregivers of people with chronic diseases and develop solutions to decrease the physical and psychological consequences resulting from caregiving. However, most clinically tested intervention programs for nonprofessional caregivers require face-to-face training, and many caregivers encounter obstacles that hinder their participation in such programs. Consequently, it is necessary to design internet-based intervention programs for nonprofessional caregivers that address their needs and test the efficacy of the programs. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone app-based intervention program to increase positive mental health for nonprofessional caregivers. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial of 3 months' duration. A total of 152 caregivers over 18 years of age with a minimum of 4 months' experience as nonprofessional caregivers were recruited from primary health care institutions. Nonprofessional caregivers were randomized into two groups. In the intervention group, each caregiver installed a smartphone app and used it for 28 days. This app offered them daily activities that were based on 10 recommendations to promote positive mental health. The level of positive mental health, measured using the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ), and caregiver burden, measured using the 7-item short-form version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI-7), were the primary outcomes. Users' satisfaction was also measured. Results: In all, 113 caregivers completed the study. After the first month of the intervention, only one factor of the PMHQ, F1-Personal satisfaction, showed a significant difference between the groups, but it was not clinically relevant (0.96; P=.03). However, the intervention group obtained a higher mean change for the overall PMHQ score (mean change between groups: 1.40; P=.24). The results after the third month of the intervention showed an increment of PMHQ scores. The mean difference of change in the PMHQ score showed a significant difference between the groups (11.43; P

L’objectiu principal de la tesis va ser l’obtenció d’un instrument vàlid, i amb una consistència conceptual, que avalués el constructe de la competència cultural. A partir de la revisió dels diferents models teòrics i dels diferents instruments existents, es va escollir l’escala Cultural Competence Assessment de les autores Schim i Doorenbos (2003). L’anàlisi de l’estructura psicomètrica, la dimensionalitat i la categorització de les puntuacions van, ser alguns dels objectius específics relacionats amb l’adaptació i validació de l’escala. L’estudi es va desenvolupar en tres fases: en la primera, es va traduir i adaptar l’escala Cultural Competence Assessment al castellà; en la segona, es va validar l’escala a professionals de la salut a partir d’un estudi psicomètric; i la tercera part, es va realitzar un estudi transversal amb disseny ex post facto de la competència cultural en una mostra representativa de professionals d’infermera de la província de Tarragona. Aquesta darrera part, pren per objectiu analitzar l’aplicabilitat de l’escala, així com conèixer el desenvolupament de la competència cultural d’aquesta mostra, la qual cosa servirà per detectar les necessitats formatives. els resultats obtinguts, podem concloure que la CCA-S representa un instrument vàlid per avaluar la competència cultural. En aquest estudi em pogut comprovar la utilitat de la CCA-S en l’avaluació de la competència cultural en una mostra representativa de professionals de la infermeria. A més, ha resultat d’utilitat per descriure els elements que intervenen en el desenvolupament de la competència cultural com són una exposició a la diversitat cultural, un major coneixement cultural derivat de formació prèvia, tenir desig cultural i una coherència d’eficàcia en competència cultural. No obstant, en base als resultats obtinguts i les relacions establertes entre les diferents variables, es proposen línies futures de recerca per treballar i fomentar la competència cultural a partir d’estratègies d’investigació acció participativa. El objetivo principal de la tesis fue la obtención de un instrumento válido, y con una consistencia conceptual, que evaluara el constructo de la competencia cultural. A partir de la revisión de los diferentes modelos teóricos y de los diferentes instrumentos existentes, se escogió la escala Cultural Competence Assessment de las autoras Schimer y Doorenbos (2003). El análisis de la estructura psicométrica, la dimensionalidad y la categorización de las puntuaciones van, fueron algunos de los objetivos específicos relacionados con la adaptación y validación de la escala. El estudio se desarrolló en tres fases: en la primera, se tradujo y adaptar la escala Cultural Competence Assessment al castellano; en la segunda, se validó la escala a profesionales de la salud a partir de un estudio psicométrico; y la tercera parte, se realizó un estudio transversal con diseño ex post facto de la competencia cultural en una muestra representativa de profesionales de enfermera de la provincia de Tarragona. Esta última parte, toma por objetivo analizar la aplicabilidad de la escala, así como conocer el desarrollo de la competencia cultural de esta muestra, lo que servirá para detectar las necesidades formativas. los resultados obtenidos, podemos concluir que la CCA-S representa un instrumento válido para evaluar la competencia cultural. En este estudio hemos podido comprobar su utilidad en la evaluación de la competencia cultural en una muestra representativa de profesionales de la enfermería. Además, ha resultado de utilidad para describir los elementos que intervienen en el desarrollo de la competencia cultural como son una exposición a la diversidad cultural, un mayor conocimiento cultural derivado de formación previa, tener deseo cultural y una coherencia de eficacia en competencia cultural. No obstante, en base a los resultados obtenidos y las relaciones establecidas entre las diferentes variables, se proponen líneas futuras de investigación para trabajar y fomentar la competencia cultural a partir de estrategias de investigación acción participativa. The main objective of the thesis was the obtaining of a valid instrument, and with a conceptual consistency, that evaluated the construction of the cultural competition. Based on the review of the different theoretical models and the different existing instruments, the Cultural Competence Assessment scale was selected by authors Schim and Doorenbos (2003). The analysis of the psychometric structure, the dimensionality and the categorization of the scores go, being some of the specific objectives related to the adaptation and validation of the scale. The study was developed in three phases: in the first one, the Cultural Competence Assessment scale was translated and adapted to Spanish; In the second, the scale was validated to health professionals from a psychometric study; and the third part, a cross-sectional study with ex-post facto design of cultural competence was carried out in a representative sample of nursing professionals from the province of Tarragona. This last part, aims to analyze the applicability of the scale, as well as know the development of the cultural competence of this sample, which will serve to detect the training needs. the results obtained, we can conclude that the CCA-S represents a valid instrument for evaluating cultural competence. In this study I was able to verify its usefulness in the evaluation of cultural competence in a representative sample of nursing professionals. In addition, it has been useful in describing the elements that intervene in the development of cultural competence such as an exhibition on cultural diversity, a greater cultural knowledge derived from prior education, a cultural desire and a coherence of efficiency in competition cultural However, based on the results obtained and the relationships established between the different variables, future lines of research are proposed to work and foster cultural competence through participatory action research strategies.

El programa "(Es)Tar con la Demencia" nace de las dificultades y necesidades expresadas por muchos cuidadores familiares, que recurren a los servicios de salud en busca de asesoramiento, soporte, búsqueda de información.