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Morphometric parameters are usually prerequisites for the assessment of hydrological facets of a basin. Quantitative evaluation of a drainage basin further helps in the micro-level study of its physiographic characteristics. In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the detailed aspects of morphometric characteristics of the Madhyamaheshwar River basin, a watershed of the Mandakini River that constitutes a part of the Alaknanda River. There are a large number of drainage systems which have their source in the Himalaya. This study was performed using the hydrology tool in geographic information system (GIS) environment. Evaluation of linear, aerial, and relief morphometric parameters was achieved through digital delineation and drainage analysis to provide hydrological insights. A detailed morphometric analysis obtained in this study enlightens distinctive morphometric settings of stream within the drainage system like stream behaviour, the interrelation between connected streams, system’s inputs and outputs of matter, and energy. The geometric structure of the basin is ideal for flood velocity assessment backing significantly to stream energy and erosive patterns. Such geometric forms are ideal for increasing flood velocities, which contribute greatly to the available stream energy, and erosion and transportation capacities. Features such as hydrogeology have been evaluated to anticipate the drainage characteristics of the river. This study is also vital regarding the understandings of the subsurface lithology of the basin and sustainable management of the river resources.

Mountainous regions are conspicuous due to their inimitable natural features. Natural regions are becoming progressively pretentious owing to the temperature variability pattern. Assessing temperature variability is vital to comprehend the physiography of these regions. Upper Teesta basin portrays a unique blend of a sub-tropical climate in the south and tundra type in the north. The Teesta river is considered as the lifeline of Sikkim, lies in the tundra type of climate covering the northern portion, where at least three months (November–January) of a year remain under deep snow and temperature hovering around 0 °C. The upper Teesta river basin covers the whole part of Sikkim scheming the lifestyle and occupation of the people based on the availability of its waters. Atmospheric temperature plays a crucial role in determining stream properties and water volume. Mean monthly temperature data acquired from India Meteorological Department as well as The National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) have been analysed with the help of kurtosis, skewness, and visualization done through Z-distribution in GIS environment. It provides a strategic outlook towards the proper utilization of the river water despite maintaining harmony with the climate of the region. The result depicts changes in the river itinerary concerning climatic variability pattern that calls for sustainable management of this water resource.