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1. The geography of corporate philanthropy : a comparison of places across the North and South of England

Author

Rai, Kamal

Abstract

Purpose: Geographical insights are widely neglected in the extensive and rapidly growing research on corporate philanthropy. Using a comparative, mixed methods study of firms located across the North and South of England, this research examines the impact of geography on firms undertaking philanthropic activities. Methods: Using the NOMIS database, four key factors were identified to construct an initial theoretical framework for understanding how geographical place influences firms practicing philanthropy. They are, having a history of industrial decline; higher income levels; higher education rates; and a majority of left political support. A research hypothesis was constructed for each factor. Thereafter, the research adopted a sequential (exploratory) mixed methods approach. In the qualitative phase, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers responsible for their firm's philanthropic activities to develop and refine the hypotheses. In the quantitative phase, a larger sample of online surveys (n=20) followed to test the hypotheses and other themes using regression analysis. Using a comparative case study design, coherent selections of cities or towns were explored in four regions across England; North-east (NE); South-west (SW); North-west (NW); and South-east (SE). Findings: Decisions about philanthropic activities differ across regions, according to specific characteristics of the places where firms are located. In the NE, philanthropic support is aimed at local and regional recipients as ways of showing support for the unemployment caused by industrial decline. In the NW, local causes are predominantly supported, to demonstrate firms' strong community presence. In the SW, recipients are regional and international, linked to the higher income levels and left political leaning of this region. Results in the SE reveals a variety of recipients, as a consequence of higher education attainment, left political leaning and unemployment that affects this region. Conclusions: The thesis makes empirical contributions to existing knowledge and provides new insight into understanding how the specific characteristics of the place where the donor firm is located impacts the way they perform philanthropy. Employing mixed methods permitted a deep understanding of the research topic. I posit further calls for mixed methods fieldwork in social science research.

Published
2021

2. Identifying waves of COVID-19 mortality using skew normal curves.

Author

Rai, Kamal and Brown, Patrick E.

Subjects
*COVID-19 pandemic, *SKEWNESS (Probability theory), *GAUSSIAN distribution, *BAYESIAN field theory, *COVID-19
Abstract

We propose a model for multiple waves of an epidemic that decomposes the health outcome of interest into the sum of scaled skew normal curves. When applied to daily COVID-19 mortality in six regions (Japan, Italy, Belgium, Ontario, Texas, and Peru), this model provides three notable results. First, when fit to data from early 2020 to May 31, 2022, the estimated skew normal curves substantially overlap with the dates of COVID-19 waves in Ontario and Belgium, as determined by their respective health authorities. Second, the asymmetry of the skew normal curves changes over time – they progress from increasing more quickly to decreasing more quickly, indicating changes in the relative speed that daily COVID-19 mortality rises and falls over time. Third, most regions have day-of-the-week effects, which suggests that day-of-the-week effects should be included when modeling daily COVID-19 mortality. We conclude by discussing limitations and possible extensions of this model and its results, including commenting on its applicability to potential future COVID-19 waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Fracture fixation in the operative management of hip fractures (FAITH): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Author

Nauth, Aaron, Creek, Aaron T., Zellar, Abby, Lawendy, Abdel-Rahman, Dowrick, Adam, Gupta, Ajay, Dadi, Akhil, van Kampen, Albert, Yee, Albert, de Vries, Alexander C., de Mol van Otterloo, Alexander, Garibaldi, Alisha, Liew, Allen, McIntyre, Allison W., Prasad, Amal Shankar, Romero, Amanda W., Rangan, Amar, Oatt, Amber, Sanghavi, Amir, Foley, Amy L., Karlsten, Anders, Dolenc, Andrea, Bucknill, Andrew, Chia, Andrew, Evans, Andrew, Gong, Andrew, Schmidt, Andrew H., Marcantonio, Andrew J., Jennings, Andrew, Ward, Angela, Khanna, Angshuman, Rai, Anil, Smits, Anke B., Horan, Annamarie D., Brekke, Anne Christine, Flynn, Annette, Duraikannan, Aravin, Stødle, Are, van Vugt, Arie B., Luther, Arlene, Zurcher, Arthur W., Jain, Arvind, Amundsen, Asgeir, Moaveni, Ash, Carr, Ashley, Sharma, Ateet, Hill, Austin D., Trommer, Axel, Rai, B. Sachidananda, Hileman, Barbara, Schreurs, Bart, Verhoeven, Bart, Barden, Benjamin B., Flatøy, Bernhard, Cleffken, Berry I., Bøe, Berthe, Perey, Bertrand, Hanusch, Birgit C., Weening, Brad, Fioole, Bram, Rijbroek, Bram, Crist, Brett D., Halliday, Brett, Peterson, Brett, Mullis, Brian, Richardson, C. Glen, Clark, Callum, Sagebien, Carlos A., van der Pol, Carmen C., Bowler, Carol, Humphrey, Catherine A., Coady, Catherine, Koppert, Cees L., Coles, Chad, Tannoury, Chadi, DePaolo, Charles J., Gayton, Chris, Herriott, Chris, Reeves, Christina, Tieszer, Christina, Dobb, Christine, Anderson, Christopher G., Sage, Claire, Cuento, Claudine, Jones, Clifford B., Bosman, Coks H.R., Linehan, Colleen, van der Hart, Cor P., Henderson, Corey, Lewis, Courtland G., Davis, Craig A., Donohue, Craig, Mauffrey, Cyril, Sundaresh, D.C., Farrell, Dana J., Whelan, Daniel B., Horwitz, Daniel, Stinner, Daniel, Viskontas, Darius, Roffey, Darren M., Alexander, David, Karges, David E., Hak, David, Johnston, David, Love, David, Wright, David M., Zamorano, David P., Goetz, David R., Sanders, David, Stephen, David, Yen, David, Bardana, Davide, Olakkengil, Davy J, Lawson, Deanna, Maddock, Deborah, Sietsema, Debra L., Pourmand, Deeba, Den Hartog, Dennis, Donegan, Derek, Heels-Ansdell, Diane, Nam, Diane, Inman, Dominic, Boyer, Dory, Li, Doug, Gibula, Douglas, Price, Dustin M., Watson, Dylan J., Hammerberg, E. Mark, Tan, Edward T.C.H., de Graaf, Eelco J.R., Vesterhus, Elise Berg, Roper, Elizabeth, Edwards, Elton, Schemitsch, Emil H., Hammacher, Eric R., Henderson, Eric R., Whatley, Erica, Torres, Erick T., Vermeulen, Erik G.J., Finn, Erin, Van Lieshout, Esther M.M., Wai, Eugene K., Bannister, Evan R., Kile, Evelyn, Theunissen, Evert B.M., Ritchie, Ewan D., Khan, Farah, Moola, Farhad, Howells, Fiona, de Nies, Frank, van der Heijden, Frank H.W.M., de Meulemeester, Frank R.A.J., Frihagen, Frede, Nilsen, Fredrik, Schmidt, G. Ben, Albers, G.H. Robert, Gudger, Garland K., Jr, Johnson, Garth, Gruen, Gary, Zohman, Gary, Sharma, Gaurav, Wood, Gavin, Tetteroo, Geert W.M., Hjorthaug, Geir, Jomaas, Geir, Donald, Geoff, Rieser, Geoffrey Ryan, Reardon, Gerald, Slobogean, Gerard P., Roukema, Gert R, Visser, Gijs A., Moatshe, Gilbert, Horner, Gillian, Rose, Glynis, Guyatt, Gordon, Chuter, Graham, Etherington, Greg, Rocca, Gregory J. Della, Ekås, Guri, Dobbin, Gwendolyn, Lemke, H. Michael, Curry, Hamish, Boxma, Han, Gissel, Hannah, Kreder, Hans, Kuiken, Hans, Brom, Hans L.F., Pape, Hans-Christoph, van der Vis, Harm M, Bedi, Harvinder, Vallier, Heather A., Brien, Heather, Silva, Heather, Newman, Heike, Viveiros, Helena, van der Hoeven, Henk, Ahn, Henry, Johal, Herman, Rijna, Herman, Stockmann, Heyn, Josaputra, Hong A., Carlisle, Hope, van der Brand, Igor, Dawson, Imro, Tarkin, Ivan, Wong, Ivan, Parr, J. Andrew, Trenholm, J. Andrew, Goslings, J. Carel, Amirault, J. David, Broderick, J. Scott, Snellen, Jaap P., Zijl, Jacco A.C., Ahn, Jaimo, Ficke, James, Irrgang, James, Powell, James, Ringler, James R., Shaer, James, Monica, James T., Biert, Jan, Bosma, Jan, Brattgjerd, Jan Egil, Frölke, Jan Paul M., Wille, Jan, Rajakumar, Janakiraman, Walker, Jane E., Baker, Janell K., Ertl, Janos P., de Vries, Jean Paul P.M., Gardeniers, Jean W.M., May, Jedediah, Yach, Jeff, Hidy, Jennifer T., Westberg, Jerald R., Hall, Jeremy A., van Mulken, Jeroen, McBeth, Jessica Cooper, Hoogendoorn, Jochem, Hoffman, Jodi M., Cherian, Joe Joseph, Tanksley, John A., Jr., Clarke-Jenssen, John, Adams, John D., Esterhai, John, Tilzey, John F., Murnaghan, John, Ketz, John P., Garfi, John S., Schwappach, John, Gorczyca, John T., Wyrick, John, Rydinge, Jonas, Foret, Jonathan L., Gross, Jonathan M., Keeve, Jonathan P., Meijer, Joost, Scheepers, Joris J.G., Baele, Joseph, O'Neil, Joseph, Cass, Joseph R., Hsu, Joseph R., Dumais, Jules, Lee, Julia, Switzer, Julie A., Agel, Julie, Richards, Justin E., Langan, Justin W., Turckan, Kahn, Pecorella, Kaili, Rai, Kamal, Aurang, Kamran, Shively, Karl, van Wessem, Karlijn, Moon, Karyn, Eke, Kate, Erwin, Katie, Milner, Katrine, Ponsen, Kees Jan, Mills, Kelli, Apostle, Kelly, Johnston, Kelly, Trask, Kelly, Strohecker, Kent, Stringfellow, Kenya, Kruse, Kevin K., III, Tetsworth, Kevin, Mitchell, Khalis, Browner, Kieran, Hemlock, Kim, Carcary, Kimberly, Jørgen Haug, Knut, Noble, Krista, Robbins, Kristin, Payton, Krystal, Jeray, Kyle J., Rubino, L. Joseph, Nastoff, Lauren A., Leffler, Lauren C., Stassen, Laurents P.S., O'Malley, Lawrence K., II, Specht, Lawrence M., Thabane, Lehana, Geeraedts, Leo M.G., Shell, Leslie E., Anderson, Linda K., Eickhoff, Linda S., Lyle, Lindsey, Pilling, Lindsey, Buckingham, Lisa, Cannada, Lisa K., Wild, Lisa M., Dulaney-Cripe, Liz, Poelhekke, Lodewijk M.S.J., Govaert, Lonneke, Ton, Lu, Kottam, Lucksy, Leenen, Luke P.H., Clipper, Lydia, Jackson, Lyle T., Hampton, Lynne, de Waal Malefijt, Maarten C., Simons, Maarten P., van der Elst, Maarten, Bronkhorst, Maarten W.G.A., Bhatia, Mahesh, Swiontkowski, Marc, Lobo, Margaret J., Swinton, Marilyn, Pirpiris, Marinis, Molund, Marius, Gichuru, Mark, Glazebrook, Mark, Harrison, Mark, Jenkins, Mark, MacLeod, Mark, de Vries, Mark R., Butler, Mark S., Nousiainen, Markku, van 't Riet, Martijne, Tynan, Martin C., Campo, Martin, Eversdijk, Martin G., Heetveld, Martin J., Richardson, Martin, Breslin, Mary, Fan, Mary, Edison, Matt, Napierala, Matthew, Knobe, Matthias, Russ, Matthias, Zomar, Mauri, de Brauw, Maurits, Esser, Max, Hurley, Meghan, Peters, Melissa E., Lorenzo, Melissa, Li, Mengnai, Archdeacon, Michael, Biddulph, Michael, Charlton, Michael, McDonald, Michael D., McKee, Michael D., Dunbar, Michael, Torchia, Michael E., Gross, Michael, Hewitt, Michael, Holt, Michael, Prayson, Michael J., Edwards, Michael J.R., Beckish, Michael L., Brennan, Michael L., Dohm, Michael P., Kain, Michael S.H., Vogt, Michelle, Yu, Michelle, Verhofstad, Michiel H.J., Segers, Michiel J.M., Siroen, Michiel P.C., Reed, Mike, Vicente, Milena R., Bruijninckx, Milko M.M., Trivedi, Mittal, Bhandari, Mohit, Moore, Molly M., Kunz, Monica, Smedsrud, Morten, Palla, Naveen, Jain, Neeraj, Out, Nico J.M., Simunovic, Nicole, Schep, Niels W.L., Müller, Oliver, Guicherit, Onno R., Van Waes, Oscar J.F., Wang, Otis, Doornebosch, Pascal G., Seuffert, Patricia, Hesketh, Patrick J., Weinrauch, Patrick, Duffy, Paul, Keller, Paul, Lafferty, Paul M., Pincus, Paul, Tornetta, Paul, III, Zalzal, Paul, McKay, Paula, Cole, Peter A., de Rooij, Peter D., Hull, Peter, Go, Peter M.N.Y.M., Patka, Peter, Siska, Peter, Weingarten, Peter, Kregor, Philip, Stahel, Philip, Stull, Philip, Wittich, Philippe, de Rijcke, Piet A.R., Oprel, Pim, Devereaux, PJ, Zhou, Qi, Lee Murphy, R., Jr., Alosky, Rachel, Clarkson, Rachel, Moon, Raely, Logishetty, Rajanikanth, Nanda, Rajesh, Sullivan, Raymond J., Snider, Rebecca G., Buckley, Richard E., Iorio, Richard, Farrugia, Richard J, Jenkinson, Richard, Laughlin, Richard, Groenendijk, Richard P.R., Gurich, Richard W., Jr, Worman, Ripley, Silvis, Rob, Haverlag, Robert, Teasdall, Robert J., Korley, Robert, McCormack, Robert, Probe, Robert, Cantu, Robert V., Huff, Roger B., Simmermacher, Rogier K.J., Peters, Rolf, Pfeifer, Roman, Liem, Ronald, Wessel, Ronald N., Verhagen, Ronald, Vuylsteke, Ronald, Leighton, Ross, McKercher, Ross, Poolman, Rudolf W., Miller, Russell, Bicknell, Ryan, Finnan, Ryan, Khan, Ryan M., Mehta, Samir, Vang, Sandy, Singh, Sanjay, Anand, Sanjeev, Anderson, Sarah A., Dawson, Sarah A., Marston, Scott B., Porter, Scott E., Watson, Scott T., Festen, Sebastiaan, Lieberman, Shane, Puloski, Shannon, Bielby, Shea A., Sprague, Sheila, Hess, Shelley, MacDonald, Shelley, Evans, Simone, Bzovsky, Sofia, Hasselund, Sondre, Lewis, Sophie, Ugland, Stein, Caminiti, Stephanie, Tanner, Stephanie L., Zielinski, Stephanie M., Shepard, Stephanie, Sems, Stephen A., Walter, Stephen D., Doig, Stephen, Finley, Stephen H., Kates, Stephen, Lindenbaum, Stephen, Kingwell, Stephen P., Csongvay, Steve, Papp, Steve, Buijk, Steven E., Rhemrev, Steven J., Hollenbeck, Steven M., van Gaalen, Steven M., Yang, Steven, Weinerman, Stuart, Subash, Lambert, Sue, Liew, Susan, Meylaerts, Sven A.G., Blokhuis, Taco J., de Vries Reilingh, Tammo S., Lona, Tarjei, Scott, Taryn, Swenson, Teresa K., Endres, Terrence J., Axelrod, Terry, van Egmond, Teun, Pace, Thomas B., Kibsgård, Thomas, Schaller, Thomas M., Ly, Thuan V., Miller, Timothy J., Weber, Timothy, Le, Toan, Oliver, Todd M., Karsten, Tom M., Borch, Tor, Hoseth, Tor Magne, Nicolaisen, Tor, Ianssen, Torben, Rutherford, Tori, Nanney, Tracy, Gervais, Trevor, Stone, Trevor, Schrickel, Tyson, Scrabeck, Tyson, Ganguly, Utsav, Naumetz, V., Frizzell, Valda, Wadey, Veronica, Jones, Vicki, Avram, Victoria, Mishra, Vimlesh, Yadav, Vineet, Arora, Vinod, Tyagi, Vivek, Borsella, Vivian, Willems, W. Jaap, Hoffman, W.H., Gofton, Wade T., Lackey, Wesley G., Ghent, Wesley, Obremskey, William, Oxner, William, Cross, William W., III, Murtha, Yvonne M., and Murdoch, Zoe

Published
2017
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11. Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for Elderly Patients with a Femoral Neck Fracture

Author

Burgers, Paul T.P.W., Poolman, Rudolf W, Van Bakel, Theodorus MJ, Tuinebreijer, Wim E, Zielinski, Stephanie M, Bhandari, Mohit, Patka, Peter, Van Lieshout, Esther MM, Bhandari, Mohit, Devereaux, P J, Guyatt, Gordon H, Einhorn, Thomas A, Thabane, Lehana, Schemitsch, Emil H, Koval, Kenneth J, Frihagen, Frede, Poolman, Rudolf W, Tetsworth, Kevin, Guerra-Farfan, Ernesto, Walter, Stephen D, Sprague, Sheila, Swinton, Marilyn, Scott, Taryn, McKay, Paula, Madden, Kim, Heels-Ansdell, Diane, Buckingham, Lisa, Duraikannan, Aravin, Silva, Heather, Heetveld, Martin J, Van Lieshout, Esther MM, Burgers, Paul T.P.W., Zura, Robert D, Avram, Victoria, Manjoo, Ajay, Williams, Dale, Antoniou, John, Ramsay, Tim, Bogoch, Earl R, Trenholm, Andrew, Lyman, Stephen, Mazumdar, Madhu, Bozic, Kevin J, Luborsky, Mark, Goodman, Stuart, Muray, Susan, Korley, Rob, Buckley, Richard, Duffy, Paul, Puloski, Shannon, Carcary, Kimberly, Lorenzo, Melissa, McKee, Michael D, Hall, Jeremy A, Nauth, Aaron, Whelan, Daniel, Daniels, Timothy R, Waddell, James P, Ahn, Henry, Vicente, Milena R, Hidy, Jennifer T, MacNevin, Melanie T, Kreder, Hans, Axelrod, Terry, Jenkinson, Richard, Nousiainen, Markku, Stephen, David, Wadey, Veronica, Kunz, Monica, Milner, Katrine, Cagaanan, Ria, MacNevin, Melanie, O’Brien, Peter J, Blachut, Piotr A, Broekhuyse, Henry M, Guy, Pierre, Lefaivre, Kelly A, Slobogean, Gerard P, Johal, Raman, Leung, Irene, Coles, Chad, Leighton, Ross, Richardson, C. Glen, Biddulph, Michael, Gross, Michael, Dunbar, Michael, Amirault, J. David, Alexander, David, Coady, Catherine, Glazebrook, Mark, Johnston, David, Oxner, William, Reardon, Gerald, Wong, Ivan, Trask, Kelly, MacDonald, Shelley, Furey, Andrew, Stone, Craig, Parsons, Minnie, Stone, Trevor, Zomar, Mauri, McCormack, Robert, Apostle, Kelly, Boyer, Dory, Moola, Farhad, Perey, Bertrand, Viskontas, Darius, Moon, Karyn, Moon, Raely, Laflamme, Yves, Benoit, Benoit, Ranger, Pierre, Malo, Michel, Fernandes, Julio, Tardif, Karine, Fournier, Julie, Vendittoli, Pascal André, Massé, Vincent, Roy, Alain G, Lavigne, Martin, Lusignan, Daniel, Davis, Craig, Stull, Philip, Weinerman, Stewart, Weingarten, Peter, Lindenbaum, Steven, Hewitt, Michael, Danielwicz, Rebecca, Baker, Janell, Mont, Michael, Delanois, Donald E, Kapadia, Bhaveen, Issa, Kimona, Mullen, Marylou, Sems, Andrew, Foreman, Barb, Parvizi, Javad, Morrison, Tiffany, Lewis, Courtland, Caminiti, Stephanie, Tornetta, Paul, III, Creevy, William R, Lespasio, Michelle J, Carlisle, Hope, Marcantonio, Andrew, Kain, Michael, Specht, Lawrence, Tilzey, John, Garfi, John, Mehta, Samir, Esterhai, John L, Jr., Ahn, Jaimo, Donegan, Derek, Horan, Annamarie, McGinnis, Kelly, Roberson, James, Bradbury, Thomas, Erens, Greg, Webb, Kyle, Mullis, Brian, Shively, Karl, Parr, Andrew, Ertl, Janos, Worman, Ripley, Webster, Mark, Cummings, Judd, Frizzell, Valda, Moore, Molly, Jones, Clifford B, Ringler, James R, Sietsema, Debra L, Walker, Jane E, Kanlic, Enes, Abdelgawad, Amr, Shunia, Juan, DePaolo, Charles, Sutherland, Susan, Alosky, Rachel, Zura, Robert, Manson, Maria, Strathy, Gregg, Peter, Kathleen, Johnson, Paul, Morton, Meaghan, Shaer, James, Schrickel, Tyson, Hileman, Barbara, Hanes, Marina, Chance, Elisha, Heinrich, E. Matthew, Dodgin, David, LaBadie, Michele, Zamorano, David, Tynan, Martin, Schwarzkopf, Ran, Scolaro, John A, Gupta, Ranjan, Bederman, Samuel, Bhatia, Nitin, Hoang, Bang, Kiester, Douglas, Jones, Neil, Rafijah, Gregory, Alavekios, Damon, Lee, Jason, Mehta, Akshay, Schroder, Steven, Chao, Tom, Colin, Vincent, Dang, Phuc (Phil), Heng, Stephen Keun, Lopez, Gregory, Galle, Samuel, Pahlavan, Sohrab, Phan, Duy L, Tapadia, Minal, Bui, Christopher, Jain, Nickul, Moore, Tyler, Moroski, Nathan, Pourmand, Deeba, Kubiak, Erik N, Gililland, Jeremy, Rothberg, David, Peters, Christopher, Pelt, Christopher, Stuart, Ami R, Corbey, Kirby, Shuler, Franklin D, Day, James, Garabekyan, Tigran, Cheung, Felix, Oliashirazi, Ali, Salava, Jonathon, Morgan, Linda, Wilson-Byrne, Timothy, Cordle, Mary Beth, Elmans, Leon H.G.J., van den Hout, Joost A.A.M., Joosten, Adrianus JP, van Beurden, Ad FA, Bolder, Stefan BT, Eygendaal, Denise, Moonen, Adrianus F.C.M., van Geenen, Rutger CI, Hoebink, Eric A, Wagenmakers, Robert, van Helden, Wouter, van Jonbergen, Hans-Peter W, Roerdink, Herbert, Reuver, Joost M, Barnaart, Alexander FW, Flikweert, Elvira R, Krips, Rover, Mullers, J. Bernard, Schüller, Hans, Falke, Mark LM, Kurek, Frans J, Slingerland, Adrianus CH, van Dijk, Jan P, van Helden, Wouter H, Bolhuis, Hugo W, Bullens, Pieter HJ, Hogervorst, Mike, de Kroon, Karin E, Jansen, Rob H, Steenstra, Ferry, Raven, Eric EJ, Fontijne, W. Peter J, Wiersma, Saskia C, Boetes, Bastiaan, ten Holder, Edgar JT, van der Heide, Huub JL, Nagels, Jochem, van der Linden-van der Zwaag, Enrike H.M.J., Keizer, Stefan B, Swen, Jan-Willem A, den Hollander, Peter HC, Thomassen, Bregje JW, Molekamp, Willem Jan Kleyn, de Meulemeester, Frank R.A.J., Kleipool, Arthur EB, Haverlag, Robert, Simons, Maarten P, Mutsaerts, Eduard L.A.R., Kooijman, Rob, Postema, Roelf R, Bleker, René J.T.M., Lampe, Harald IH, Schuman, Lein, Cheung, John, van Bommel, Frank, Winia, W. Paul, Haverkamp, Daniel, van der Vis, Harm, Nolte, Peter A, van den Bekerom, Michel PJ, de Jong, Tjitte, van Noort, Arthur, Vergroesen, Diederik A, Schutte, Bernard G, van der Vis, Harm M, Beimers, Lijkele, de Vries, Jasper, Zurcher, Arthur W, Albers, G.H. Rob, Rademakers, Maarten, Breugem, Stefan, van der Haven, Ibo, Jan Damen, Pieter, Bulstra, Gythe H, Campo, Martin M, Somford, Mathijs P, Haverkamp, Daniël, Liew, Susan, Bedi, Harvinder, Carr, Ashley, Chia, Andrew, Csongvay, Steve, Donohue, Craig, Doig, Stephen, Edwards, Elton, Esser, Max, Freeman, Richard, Gong, Andrew, Li, Doug, Miller, Russell, Ton, Lu, Wang, Otis, Young, Ian, Dowrick, Adam, Murdoch, Zoe, Sage, Claire, Page, Richard, Bainbridge, David, Angliss, Richard, Miller, Ben, Thomson, Andrew, Brown, Graeme, Williams, Simon, Eng, Kevin, Bowyer, David, Skelley, John, Goyal, Chatar, Beattie, Sally, Guerado, Enrique, Cruz, Encarnacion, Cano, Juan Ramon, Froufe, Miguel Angel, Serra, Lluis Marull, Al-dirra, Samer, Martinez, Cristina, Tarazona Santabalbina, Francisco José, Serra, Jordi Teixidor, Hernandez, Jordi Tomas, Garcia, Marc Aguilar, Garcia, Vicente Molero, Barrera, Sergi, Garrido, Miriam, Nordsletten, Lars, Clarke-Jenssen, John, Hjorthaug, Geir, Brekke, Anne Christine, Vesterhus, Elise Berg, Skaugrud, Ingunn, Tripathi, Pradeep, Katiyar, Sandesh, Shukla, Preksha, Swiontkowski, Marc, Guyatt, Gordon, Jeray, Kyle, Walter, Stephen, Viveiros, Helena, Truong, Victoria, Koo, Kaitlin, Zhou, Qi, Maddock, Deborah, Simunovic, Nicole, Agel, Julie, Zielinski, Stephanie M, Rangan, Amar, Hanusch, Birgit C, Kottam, Lucksy, Clarkson, Rachel, Della Rocca, Gregory J, Slobogean, Gerard, Katz, Jeffrey, Gillespie, Brenda, Greendale, Gail A, Hartman, Curtis, Rubin, Craig, Waddell, James, Lemke, H. Michael, Oatt, Amber, Buckley, Richard E, Korley, Robert, Johnston, Kelly, Powell, James, Sanders, David, Lawendy, Abdel, Tieszer, Christina, Murnaghan, John, Nam, Diane, Yee, Albert, Whelan, Daniel B, Wild, Lisa M, Khan, Ryan M, Coady, Cathy, Amirault, David, Richardson, Glen, Dobbin, Gwen, Bicknell, Ryan, Yach, Jeff, Bardana, Davide, Wood, Gavin, Harrison, Mark, Yen, David, Lambert, Sue, Howells, Fiona, Ward, Angela, Zalzal, Paul, Brien, Heather, Naumetz, V, Weening, Brad, Wai, Eugene K, Papp, Steve, Gofton, Wade T, Kingwell, Stephen P, Johnson, Garth, O’Neil, Joseph, Roffey, Darren M, Borsella, Vivian, Oliver, Todd M, Jones, Vicki, Endres, Terrence J, Agnew, Samuel G, Jeray, Kyle J, Broderick, J. Scott, Goetz, David R, Pace, Thomas B, Schaller, Thomas M, Porter, Scott E, Tanner, Stephanie L, Snider, Rebecca G, Nastoff, Lauren A, Bielby, Shea A, Switzer, Julie A, Cole, Peter A, Anderson, Sarah A, Lafferty, Paul M, Li, Mengnai, Ly, Thuan V, Marston, Scott B, Foley, Amy L, Vang, Sandy, Wright, David M, Marcantonio, Andrew J, Kain, Michael SH, Iorio, Richard, Specht, Lawrence M, Tilzey, John F, Lobo, Margaret J, Garfi, John S, Vallier, Heather A, Dolenc, Andrea, Robinson, Chalitha, Prayson, Michael J, Laughlin, Richard, Rubino, L. Joseph, May, Jedediah, Rieser, Geoffrey Ryan, Dulaney-Cripe, Liz, Gayton, Chris, Gorczyca, John T, Gross, Jonathan M, Humphrey, Catherine A, Kates, Stephen, Noble, Krista, McIntyre, Allison W, Pecorella, Kaili, Davis, Craig A, Lindenbaum, Stephen, Schwappach, John, Baker, Janell K, Rutherford, Tori, Newman, Heike, Lieberman, Shane, Finn, Erin, Robbins, Kristin, Hurley, Meghan, Lyle, Lindsey, Mitchell, Khalis, Browner, Kieran, Whatley, Erica, Payton, Krystal, Reeves, Christina, Cannada, Lisa K, Karges, David, Hill, Leslie, Esterhai, John, Horan, Annamarie D, Kaminski, Christine A, Kowalski, Brynn N, Keeve, Jonathan P, Anderson, Christopher G, McDonald, Michael D, Hoffman, Jodi M, Tarkin, Ivan, Siska, Peter, Gruen, Gary, Evans, Andrew, Farrell, Dana J, Irrgang, James, Luther, Arlene, Cross, William W, III, Cass, Joseph R, Sems, Stephen A, Torchia, Michael E, Scrabeck, Tyson, Jenkins, Mark, Dumais, Jules, Romero, Amanda W, Sagebien, Carlos A, Butler, Mark S, Monica, James T, Seuffert, Patricia, Hsu, Joseph R, Ficke, James, Charlton, Michael, Napierala, Matthew, Fan, Mary, Tannoury, Chadi, Archdeacon, Michael, Finnan, Ryan, Le, Toan, Wyrick, John, Hess, Shelley, Brennan, Michael L, Probe, Robert, Kile, Evelyn, Mills, Kelli, Clipper, Lydia, Yu, Michelle, Erwin, Katie, Horwitz, Daniel, Strohecker, Kent, Swenson, Teresa K, Schmidt, Andrew H, Westberg, Jerald R, Aurang, Kamran, Zohman, Gary, Peterson, Brett, Huff, Roger B, Baele, Joseph, Weber, Timothy, Edison, Matt, McBeth, Jessica, Ertl, Janos P, Parr, J. Andrew, Moore, Molly M, Tobias, Erin, Thomas, Emily, DePaolo, Charles J, Shell, Leslie E, Hampton, Lynne, Shepard, Stephanie, Nanney, Tracy, Cuento, Claudine, Cantu, Robert V, Henderson, Eric R, Eickhoff, Linda S, Hammerberg, E. Mark, Stahel, Philip, Hak, David, Mauffrey, Cyril, Gibula, Douglas, Gissel, Hannah, Henderson, Corey, Zamorano, David P, Tynan, Martin C, Lawson, Deanna, Crist, Brett D, Murtha, Yvonne M, Anderson, Linda K, Linehan, Colleen, Pilling, Lindsey, Lewis, Courtland G, Sullivan, Raymond J, Roper, Elizabeth, Obremskey, William, Kregor, Philip, Richards, Justin E, Stringfellow, Kenya, Dohm, Michael P, Zellar, Abby, Segers, Michiel JM, Zijl, Jacco AC, Verhoeven, Bart, Smits, Anke B, de Vries, Jean Paul PM, Fioole, Bram, van der Hoeven, Henk, Theunissen, Evert BM, de Vries Reilingh, Tammo S, Govaert, Lonneke, Wittich, Philippe, de Brauw, Maurits, Wille, Jan, Go, Peter M.N.Y.M., Ritchie, Ewan D, Wessel, Ronald N, Hammacher, Eric R, Visser, Gijs A, Stockmann, Heyn, Silvis, Rob, Snellen, Jaap P, Rijbroek, Bram, Scheepers, Joris JG, Vermeulen, Erik GJ, Siroen, Michiel PC, Vuylsteke, Ronald, Brom, Hans LF, Rijna, Herman, de Rijcke, Piet AR, Koppert, Cees L, Buijk, Steven E, Groenendijk, Richard PR, Dawson, Imro, Tetteroo, Geert WM, Bruijninckx, Milko MM, Doornebosch, Pascal G, de Graaf, Eelco JR, van der Elst, Maarten, van der Pol, Carmen C, van’t Riet, Martijne, Karsten, Tom M, de Vries, Mark R, Stassen, Laurents PS, Schep, Niels WL, Ben Schmidt, G, Hoffman, W H, van der Heijden, Frank H.W.M., Willems, W. Jaap, van der Hart, Cor P, Turckan, Kahn, Festen, Sebastiaan, de Nies, Frank, Out, Nico JM, Bosma, Jan, van Kampen, Albert, Biert, Jan, van Vugt, Arie B, Edwards, Michael JR, Blokhuis, Taco J, Frölke, Jan Paul M, Geeraedts, Leo MG, Gardeniers, Jean WM, Tan, Edward T.C.H., Poelhekke, Lodewijk M.S.J., de Waal Malefijt, Maarten C, Schreurs, Bart, Roukema, Gert R, Josaputra, Hong A, Keller, Paul, de Rooij, Peter D, Kuiken, Hans, Boxma, Han, Cleffken, Berry I, Liem, Ronald, Rhemrev, Steven J, Bosman, Coks HR, de Mol van Otterloo, Alexander, Hoogendoorn, Jochem, de Vries, Alexander C, Meylaerts, Sven AG, Verhofstad, Michiel HJ, Meijer, Joost, van Egmond, Teun, van der Brand, Igor, Patka, Peter, Eversdijk, Martin G, Peters, Rolf, Den Hartog, Dennis, Van Waes, Oscar JF, Oprel, Pim, Campo, Martin, Verhagen, Ronald, Albers, G.H. Robert, Simmermacher, Rogier KJ, van Mulken, Jeroen, van Wessem, Karlijn, van Gaalen, Steven M, Leenen, Luke PH, Bronkhorst, Maarten W.G.A., Guicherit, Onno R, Goslings, J. Carel, Ponsen, Kees Jan, Bhatia, Mahesh, Arora, Vinod, Tyagi, Vivek, Gupta, Ajay, Jain, Neeraj, Khan, Farah, Sharma, Ateet, Sanghavi, Amir, Trivedi, Mittal, Rai, Anil, Subash, Rai, Kamal, Yadav, Vineet, Singh, Sanjay, Prasad, Amal Shankar, Mishra, Vimlesh, Sundaresh, D C, Khanna, Angshuman, Cherian, Joe Joseph, Olakkengil, Davy J, Sharma, Gaurav, Dadi, Akhil, Palla, Naveen, Ganguly, Utsav, Rai, B. Sachidananda, Rajakumar, Janakiraman, Hull, Peter, Lewis, Sophie, Evans, Simone, Nanda, Rajesh, Logishetty, Rajanikanth, Anand, Sanjeev, Bowler, Carol, Jennings, Andrew, Chuter, Graham, Rose, Glynis, Horner, Gillian, Clark, Callum, Eke, Kate, Reed, Mike, Herriott, Chris, Dobb, Christine, Curry, Hamish, Etherington, Greg, Jain, Arvind, Moaveni, Ash, Russ, Matthias, Donald, Geoff, Weinrauch, Patrick, Pincus, Paul, Yang, Steven, Halliday, Brett, Gervais, Trevor, Holt, Michael, Flynn, Annette, Pirpiris, Marinis, Love, David, Bucknill, Andrew, Farrugia, Richard J, Ianssen, Torben, Amundsen, Asgeir, Brattgjerd, Jan Egil, Borch, Tor, Bøe, Berthe, Flatøy, Bernhard, Hasselund, Sondre, Haug, Knut Jørgen, Hemlock, Kim, Hoseth, Tor Magne, Jomaas, Geir, Kibsgård, Thomas, Lona, Tarjei, Moatshe, Gilbert, Müller, Oliver, Molund, Marius, Nicolaisen, Tor, Nilsen, Fredrik, Rydinge, Jonas, Smedsrud, Morten, Stødle, Are, Trommer, Axel, Ugland, Stein, Karlsten, Anders, Ekås, Guri, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Knobe, Matthias, and Pfeifer, Roman

Published
2015
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12. Biopolymer Coated Coreshell Magnetite Nanoparticles for Rifampicin Delivery

Author

Justin Chellapan, Rai Kamal Bhattacharya, Padmanaban Sathiyamoorthy, An Arun Annamalai, Antony V. Samrot, and Chamarthy Sai Sahithya

Subjects
Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Ornamental horticulture, Industrial chemistry, macromolecular substances, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Elsevier Biobase, Magnetite Nanoparticles, Chemical engineering, Drug Discovery, engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Biopolymer, 0210 nano-technology, Material chemistry
Abstract

In this study, chemically synthesized magnetite was produced where the size was found to be size between 50 and 60nm with para ferro magnetic property. Coreshell magnetite nanoparticles was produced with initial coating of rifampicin by ultrasonication and was encapsulated with any of one among four different biopolymers namely chitosan, starch, casein and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Coreshell nanoparticles were analysed for their drug loading efficiency and drug release studies. PHB and chitosan loaded particles were observed to release drug steadily. All the biopolymer coated nanoparticles were subjected to antibacterial activity against Klebsiella sp by agar well diffusion method. PHB and chitosan coating of the particles were found to be the best for holding rifampicin. Magnetite was subjected for MTT based cytotoxicity assay against peripheral mononuclear cells and its LC50 was found at 60 µg/ml.

Published
2018
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13. Mortality from COVID-19 in 12 countries and 6 states of the United States

Author

Brown, Patrick, primary, Rai, Kamal, additional, Vecchia, Carlo La, additional, Rodriguez, Peter S, additional, Qu, Kathleen, additional, Brown, Mathew G, additional, Shin, Hwashin Hyun, additional, Tang, Xuyang, additional, Newcombe, Leslie, additional, Suraweera, Wilson, additional, Schultz, Craig, additional, Bogoch, Isaac, additional, Gelband, Hellen, additional, Nagelkerke, Nico, additional, and Jha, Prabhat, additional

Published
2020
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18. Fixation using alternative implants for the treatment of hip fractures (FAITH): design and rationale for a multi-centre randomized trial comparing sliding hip screws and cancellous screws on revision surgery rates and quality of life in the treatment of femoral neck fractures

Author

McCormack, Robert, Apostle, Kelly, Moon, Raely, Bielby, Shea A., Switzer, Julie A., Cole, Peter A., Anderson, Sarah A., Lafferty, Paul M., Li, Mengnai, Ly, Thuan V., Marston, Scott B., Foley, Amy L., Vang, Sandy, Oatt, Amber, Wright, David M., Marcantonio, Andrew J., Kain, Michael S. H., Iorio, Richard, Specht, Lawrence M., Tilzey, John F., Lobo, Margaret J., Garfi, John S., Vallier, Heather A., Dolenc, Andrea, Buckley, Richard E., Robinson, Chalitha, Prayson, Michael J., Laughlin, Richard, Rubino, L. Joseph, May, Jedediah, Rieser, Geoffrey Ryan, Dulaney-Cripe, Liz, Gayton, Chris, Shaer, James, Schrickel, Tyson, Duffy, Paul, Hileman, Barbara, Gorczyca, John T., Gross, Jonathan M., Humphrey, Catherine A., Kates, Stephen, Noble, Krista, McIntyre, Allison W., Pecorella, Kaili, Davis, Craig A., Weinerman, Stewart, Korley, Robert, Weingarten, Peter, Stull, Philip, Lindenbaum, Stephen, Hewitt, Michael, Schwappach, John, Baker, Janell K., Rutherford, Tori, Newman, Heike, Lieberman, Shane, Finn, Erin, Puloski, Shannon, Robbins, Kristin, Hurley, Meghan, Lyle, Lindsey, Mitchell, Khalis, Browner, Kieran, Whatley, Erica, Payton, Krystal, Reeves, Christina, Cannada, Lisa K., Karges, David, Johnston, Kelly, Hill, Leslie, Mehta, Samir, Esterhai, John, Ahn, Jaimo, Horan, Annamarie D., McGinnis, Kelly, Kaminski, Christine A., Kowalski, Brynn N., Keeve, Jonathan P., Anderson, Christopher G., Powell, James, McDonald, Michael D., Hoffman, Jodi M., Tarkin, Ivan, Siska, Peter, Gruen, Gary, Evans, Andrew, Farrell, Dana J., Irrgang, James, Luther, Arlene, Cross III., William W., Carcary, Kimberly, Cass, Joseph R., Sems, Stephen A., Torchia, Michael E., Scrabeck, Tyson, Jenkins, Mark, Dumais, Jules, Romero, Amanda W., Sagebien, Carlos A., Butler, Mark S., Monica, James T., Sanders, David, Seuffert, Patricia, Hsu, Joseph R., Ficke, James, Charlton, Michael, Napierala, Matthew, Fan, Mary, Tornetta III., Paul, Tannoury, Chadi, Carlisle, Hope, Silva, Heather, Boyer, Dory, Lawendy, Abdel, Archdeacon, Michael, Finnan, Ryan, Le, Toan, Wyrick, John, Hess, Shelley, Brennan, Michael L., Probe, Robert, Kile, Evelyn, Mills, Kelli, Clipper, Lydia, Tieszer, Christina, Yu, Michelle, Erwin, Katie, Horwitz, Daniel, Strohecker, Kent, Swenson, Teresa K., Aurang, Kamran, Zohman, Gary, Peterson, Brett, Huff, Roger B., Baele, Joseph, Stephen, David, Weber, Timothy, Edison, Matt, McBeth, Jessica, Shively, Karl, Ertl, Janos P., Mullis, Brian, Parr, J. Andrew, Worman, Ripley, Frizzell, Valda, Moore, Molly M., Kreder, Hans, Tobias, Erin, Thomas, Emily, DePaolo, Charles J., Alosky, Rachel, Shell, Leslie E., Hampton, Lynne, Shepard, Stephanie, Nanney, Tracy, Cuento, Claudine, Cantu, Robert V., Jenkinson, Richard, Henderson, Eric R., Eickhoff, Linda S., Hammerberg, E. Mark, Stahel, Philip, Hak, David, Mauffrey, Cyril, Gibula, Douglas, Gissel, Hannah, Henderson, Corey, Zamorano, David P., Nousiainen, Markku, Tynan, Martin C., Pourmand, Deeba, Lawson, Deanna, Della Rocca, Gregory J., Crist, Brett D., Murtha, Yvonne M., Anderson, Linda K., Linehan, Colleen, Pilling, Lindsey, Lewis, Courtland G., Axelrod, Terry, Caminiti, Stephanie, Sullivan, Raymond J., Roper, Elizabeth, Obremskey, William, Kregor, Philip, Richards, Justin E., Stringfellow, Kenya, Dohm, Michael P., Zellar, Abby, Segers, Michiel J. M., Murnaghan, John, Zijl, Jacco A. C., Verhoeven, Bart, Smits, Anke B., de Vries, Jean Paul P. M., Fioole, Bram, van der Hoeven, Henk, Theunissen, Evert B. M., de Vries Reilingh, Tammo S., Govaert, Lonneke, Wittich, Philippe, Nam, Diane, de Brauw, Maurits, Wille, Jan, Go, Peter M. N. Y. M., Ritchie, Ewan D., Wessel, Ronald N., Hammacher, Eric R., Heetveld, Martin J., Visser, Gijs A., Stockmann, Heyn, Silvis, Rob, Wadey, Veronica, Snellen, Jaap P., Rijbroek, Bram, Scheepers, Joris J. G., Vermeulen, Erik G. J., Siroen, Michiel P. C., Vuylsteke, Ronald, Brom, Hans L. F., Rijna, Herman, de Rijcke, Piet A. R., Koppert, Cees L., Moola, Farhad, Yee, Albert, Buijk, Steven E., Groenendijk, Richard P. R., Dawson, Imro, Tetteroo, Geert W. M., Bruijninckx, Milko M. M., Doornebosch, Pascal G., de Graaf, Eelco J. R., van der Elst, Maarten, van der Pol, Carmen C., van 't Riet, Martijne, Milner, Katrine, Karsten, Tom M., de Vries, Mark R., Stassen, Laurents P. S., Schep, Niels W. L., Schmidt, G. Ben, Hoffman, W. H., Poolman, Rudolf W., Simons, Maarten P., van der Heijden, Frank H. W. M., Willems, W. Jaap, Kunz, Monica, de Meulemeester, Frank R. A. J., van der Hart, Cor P., Turckan, Kahn, Festen, Sebastiaan, de Nies, Frank, Haverlag, Robert, Out, Nico J. M., Bosma, Jan, van Kampen, Albert, Biert, Jan, Schemitsch, Emil H., van Vugt, Arie B., Edwards, Michael J. R., Blokhuis, Taco J., Frolke, Jan Paul M., Geeraedts, Leo M. G., Gardeniers, Jean W. M., Tan, Edward T. C. H., Poelhekke, Lodewijk M. S. J., de Waal Malefijt, Maarten C., Schreurs, Bart, Ahn, Henry, Roukema, Gert R., Josaputra, Hong A., Keller, Paul, de Rooij, Peter D., Kuiken, Hans, Boxma, Han, Cleffken, Berry I., Liem, Ronald, Rhemrev, Steven J., Bosman, Coks H. R., Hall, Jeremy A., de Mol van Otterloo, Alexander, Hoogendoorn, Jochem, de Vries, Alexander C., Meylaerts, Sven A. G., Verhofstad, Michiel H. J., Meijer, Joost, van Egmond, Teun, van der Brand, Igor, Patka, Peter, McKee, Michael D., Eversdijk, Martin G., Peters, Rolf, Den Hartog, Dennis, Van Waes, Oscar J. F., Oprel, Pim, van der Vis, Harm M., Campo, Martin, Verhagen, Ronald, Albers, G. H. Robert, Zurcher, Arthur W., Whelan, Daniel B., Simmermacher, Rogier K. J., van Mulken, Jeroen, van Wessem, Karlijn, van Gaalen, Steven M., Leenen, Luke, Bronkhorst, Maarten W. G. A., Guicherit, Onno R., Goslings, J. Carel, Nauth, Aaron, Ponsen, Kees Jan, Bhatia, Mahesh, Arora, Vinod, Tyagi, Vivek, Liew, Susan, Bedi, Harvinder, Carr, Ashley, Curry, Hamish, Chia, Andrew, Csongvay, Steve, Vicente, Milena R., Donohue, Craig, Doig, Stephen, Edwards, Elton, Etherington, Greg, Esser, Max, Gong, Andrew, Jain, Arvind, Li, Doug, Miller, Russell, Moaveni, Ash, Perey, Bertrand, Wild, Lisa M., Russ, Matthias, Ton, Lu, Wang, Otis, Dowrick, Adam, Murdoch, Zoe, Sage, Claire, Frihagen, Frede, Clarke-Jenssen, John, Hjorthaug, Geir, Ianssen, Torben, Khan, Ryan M., Amundsen, Asgeir, Brattgjerd, Jan Egil, Borch, Tor, Boe, Berthe, Flatoy, Bernhard, Hasselund, Sondre, Haug, Knut Jorgen, Hemlock, Kim, Hoseth, Tor Magne, Jomaas, Geir, Hidy, Jennifer T., Kibsgard, Thomas, Lona, Tarjei, Moatshe, Gilbert, Muller, Oliver, Molund, Marius, Nicolaisen, Tor, Nilsen, Fredrik, Rydinge, Jonas, Smedsrud, Morten, Stodle, Are, Coles, Chad, Trommer, Axel, Ugland, Stein, Karlsten, Anders, Ekas, Guri, Vesterhus, Elise Berg, Brekke, Anne Christine, Gupta, Ajay, Jain, Neeraj, Khan, Farah, Sharma, Ateet, Leighton, Ross, Sanghavi, Amir, Trivedi, Mittal, Rai, Anil, Subash, Rai, Kamal, Yadav, Vineet, Singh, Sanjay, Tetsworth, Kevin, Donald, Geoff, Biddulph, Michael, Weinrauch, Patrick, Pincus, Paul, Yang, Steven, Halliday, Brett, Gervais, Trevor, Holt, Michael, Flynn, Annette, Prasad, Amal Shankar, Mishra, Vimlesh, Sundaresh, D. C., Johnston, David, Khanna, Angshuman, Cherian, Joe Joseph, Olakkengil, Davy J., Sharma, Gaurav, Pirpiris, Marinis, Love, David, Bucknill, Andrew, Farrugia, Richard J., Pape, Hans-Christoph, Knobe, Matthias, Glazebrook, Mark, Pfeifer, Roman, Hull, Peter, Lewis, Sophie, Evans, Simone, Nanda, Rajesh, Logishetty, Rajanikanth, Anand, Sanjeev, Bowler, Carol, Dadi, Akhil, Palla, Naveen, Alexander, David, Ganguly, Utsav, Rai, B. Sachidananda, Rajakumar, Janakiraman, Jennings, Andrew, Chuter, Graham, Rose, Glynis, Horner, Gillian, Clark, Callum, Eke, Kate, Reed, Mike, Coady, Cathy, Herriott, Chris, Dobb, Christine, Bhandari, Mohit, Swiontkowski, Marc, Devereaux, Pj, Jeray, Kyle, Thabane, Lehana, Stone, Trevor, Dunbar, Michael, Walter, Stephen, Sprague, Sheila, Scott, Taryn, Guyatt, Gordon, Amirault, David, Viveiros, Helena, McKay, Paula, Swinton, Marilyn, Gross, Michael, Truong, Victoria, Koo, Kaitlin, Heels-Ansdell, Diane, Zhou, Qi, Buckingham, Lisa, Duraikannan, Aravin, Maddock, Deborah, Simunovic, Nicole, Agel, Julie, Oxner, William, Van Lieshout, Esther M. M., Zielinski, Stephanie M., Rangan, Amar, Hanusch, Birgit C., Kottam, Lucksy, Clarkson, Rachel, Reardon, Gerald, Slobogean, Gerard, Katz, Jeffrey, Gillespie, Brenda, Greendale, Gail A., Guy, Pierre, Hartman, Curtis, Rubin, Craig, Waddell, James, FAITH Investigators, Richardson, Glen, Trenholm, Andrew, Wong, Ivan, Trask, Kelly, MacDonald, Shelley, Viskontas, Darius, Dobbin, Gwen, Bicknell, Ryan, Yach, Jeff, Bardana, Davide, Wood, Gavin, Harrison, Mark, Yen, David, Lambert, Sue, Howells, Fiona, Ward, Angela, Lemke, H. Michael, Zalzal, Paul, Brien, Heather, Naumetz, V., Weening, Brad, Wai, Eugene K., Papp, Steve, Gofton, Wade T., Liew, Allen, Kingwell, Stephen P., Zomar, Mauri, Johnson, Garth, O'Neil, Joseph, Roffey, Darren M., Borsella, Vivian, Avram, Victoria, Oliver, Todd M., Jones, Vicki, Jones, Clifford B., Ringler, James R., Endres, Terrence J., Moon, Karyn, Sietsema, Debra L., Jeray, Kyle J., Broderick, J. Scott, Goetz, David R., Pace, Thomas B., Schaller, Thomas M., Porter, Scott E., Tanner, Stephanie L., Snider, Rebecca G., Nastoff, Lauren A., Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Other Research, Other departments, Graduate School, and AMS - Amsterdam Movement Sciences

Subjects
Time Factors, Sports medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Bone Screws, Dentistry, Femoral Neck Fractures, law.invention, Fracture Fixation, Internal, Study Protocol, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Protocols, Randomized controlled trial, law, Fracture fixation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Likelihood Functions, 030222 orthopedics, Femoral neck fractures, 3. Good health, Europe, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 10], Treatment Outcome, Research Design, Hip fractures, Sliding hip screw, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Prosthesis Design, 03 medical and health sciences, Fixation (surgical), Rheumatology, medicine, Humans, Internal fixation, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Australia, Arthroplasty, Surgery, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 10], North America, Orthopedic surgery, Quality of Life, Cancellous screws, business
Abstract

Hip fractures are a common type of fragility fracture that afflict 293,000 Americans (over 5,000 per week) and 35,000 Canadians (over 670 per week) annually. Despite the large population impact the optimal fixation technique for low energy femoral neck fractures remains controversial. The primary objective of the FAITH study is to assess the impact of cancellous screw fixation versus sliding hip screws on rates of revision surgery at 24 months in individuals with femoral neck fractures. The secondary objective is to determine the impact on health-related quality of life, functional outcomes, health state utilities, fracture healing, mortality and fracture-related adverse events. FAITH is a multi-centre, multi-national randomized controlled trial utilizing minimization to determine patient allocation. Surgeons in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia will recruit a total of at least 1,000 patients with low-energy femoral neck fractures. Using central randomization, patients will be allocated to receive surgical treatment with cancellous screws or a sliding hip screw. Patient outcomes will be assessed at one week (baseline), 10 weeks, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post initial fixation. We will independently adjudicate revision surgery and complications within 24 months of the initial fixation. Outcome analysis will be performed using a Cox proportional hazards model and likelihood ratio test. This study represents major international efforts to definitively resolve the treatment of low-energy femoral neck fractures. This trial will not only change current Orthopaedic practice, but will also set a benchmark for the conduct of future Orthopaedic trials. The FAITH trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT00761813 ).

Published
2014
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19. Proton Transfer via Arginine with Suppressed pKaMediates Catalysis by Gentisate and Salicylate Dioxygenase

Author

Wang, Qian, Aleshintsev, Aleksey, Rai, Kamal, Jin, Eric, and Gupta, Rupal

Abstract

Gentisate and salicylate 1,2-dioxygenases (GDO and SDO) facilitate aerobic degradation of aromatic rings by inserting both atoms of dioxygen into their substrates, thereby participating in global carbon cycling. The role of acid–base catalysts in the reaction cycles of these enzymes is debatable. We present evidence of the participation of a proton shuffler during catalysis by GDO and SDO. The pH dependence of Michaelis–Menten parameters demonstrates that a single proton transfer is mandatory for the catalysis. Measurements at variable temperatures and pHs were used to determine the standard enthalpy of ionization (ΔHion°) of 51 kJ/mol for the proton transfer event. Although the observed apparent pKain the range of 6.0–7.0 for substrates of both enzymes is highly suggestive of a histidine residue, ΔHion° establishes an arginine residue as the likely proton source, providing phylogenetic relevance for this strictly conserved residue in the GDO family. We propose that the atypical 3-histidine ferrous binding scaffold of GDOs contributes to the suppression of arginine pKaand provides support for this argument by employing a 2-histidine-1-carboxylate variant of the enzyme that exhibits elevated pKa. A reaction mechanism considering the role of the proton source in stabilizing key reaction intermediates is proposed.

Published
2024
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20. The promising indicators of the thermal and mechanical properties of collagen from bass and tilapia: synergistic effects of hydroxyproline and cysteineElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The photos of collagen hydrogels prepared with BC, TC and PC; electrophoretic patterns of BCH, TCH and PCH treated at 30 °C, 42 °C and 50 °C strain-dependent oscillatory shear rheology of the collagen hydrogels; XRD patterns of BCH, TCH and PCH; AFM observation of the self-assembly of TC and PC; summary of denaturing temperature and hydroxyproline content of COL-I extracted from different species. See DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00675j

Author

BaoThese authors contributed equally to this work., Zixian, Sun, Yue, Rai, Kamal, Peng, Xinying, Wang, Shilu, Nian, Rui, and Xian, Mo

Abstract

Collagen has been widely documented as one of the most promising and competitive biomaterials for tissue engineering and medical applications. However, the properties of collagen differ from one source to another. In the present study, type I collagen (COL-I) was extracted and purified from the skins of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SDS-PAGE were performed to characterize both COL-Is. The denaturing temperature of bass collagen (BC) was observed to be 27.2 °C, and 35.3 °C for tilapia collagen (TC). The content of hydroxyproline was 13.4% in TC, which was similar to that in porcine collagen (PC, 13.6%) and higher than that in BC (10.3%), while the content of cysteine in TC (0.87%) was significantly higher than that in PC (0.04%) and BC (0.35%). After incubation at different temperatures for 9 h, more degraded collagen bands appeared in the BC hydrogel (BCH) group than in the TC hydrogel (TCH) group, indicating that TCH exhibited better thermal stability than BCH. The thermal stabilities of TCH and PC hydrogel (PCH) were similar. The compressive stress of TCH was up to 0.099 MPa, while it was 0.047 MPa for BCH and 0.003 MPa for PCH. These results demonstrated that the content of amino acids (especially hydroxyproline and cysteine) has a synergistic effect on the thermal and mechanical properties of BCH, TCH and PCH, which would be an indicator of the thermal and mechanical properties of collagen hydrogels in future studies.

Published
2018
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22. Pseudochuppia, A New Foliicolous, Dictyosporic Hyphomycete Genus from India

Author

G. Morgan-Jones and A. N. Rai Kamal

Subjects
biology, Physiology, Botany, Genetics, Taxonomy (biology), Cell Biology, General Medicine, Fungi imperfecti, Foliicolous, biology.organism_classification, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes. Maculae amphigenae. Coloniae hypophyllae, effusae, lanatae, griseae. Mycelium plerumque superficiale, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, hyalinis, laevibus compositum. Conidiophora ex hyphis mycelilibus superficialibus singulariter, lateraliter et terminaliter oriunda, continua vel septata, laevia vel minute verruculosa, subhyalina. Cellae conidiogenae mono vel polyblasticae, interdum sympodiales, cicatricibus, incrassatis, prominentibus protrudentibus. Conidia solitaria, sicca, laevia, dictyosporica, sarciniformia, pallide vel fuscae olivacea, ad bases cicatrice protrudenti. Species typica: Pseudochuppia sarcinispora Kamal, Rai and Morgan-Jones.

Published
1984
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23. The geography of corporate philanthropy: A comparison of places across the north and south of England

Author

Rai, Kamal

Abstract

Purpose: Geographical insights are widely neglected in the extensive and rapidly growing research on corporate philanthropy. Using a comparative, mixed methods study of firms located across the North and South of England, this research examines the impact of geography on firms undertaking philanthropic activities. \ud Methods: Using the NOMIS database, four key factors were identified to construct an initial theoretical framework for understanding how geographical place influences firms practicing philanthropy. They are, having a history of industrial decline; higher income levels; higher education rates; and a majority of left political support. A research hypothesis was constructed for each factor.\ud Thereafter, the research adopted a sequential (exploratory) mixed methods approach. In the qualitative phase, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers responsible for their firm’s philanthropic activities to develop and refine the hypotheses. In the quantitative phase, a larger sample of online surveys (n=20) followed to test the hypotheses and other themes using regression analysis. Using a comparative case study design, coherent selections of cities or towns were explored in four regions across England; North-east (NE); South-west (SW); North-west (NW); and South-east (SE).\ud Findings: Decisions about philanthropic activities differ across regions, according to specific characteristics of the places where firms are located. In the NE, philanthropic support is aimed at local and regional recipients as ways of showing support for the unemployment caused by industrial decline. In the NW, local causes are predominantly supported, to demonstrate firms’ strong community presence. In the SW, recipients are regional and international, linked to the higher income levels and left political leaning of this region. Results in the SE reveals a variety of recipients, as a consequence of higher education attainment, left political leaning and unemployment that affects this region.\ud Conclusions: The thesis makes empirical contributions to existing knowledge and provides new insight into understanding how the specific characteristics of the place where the donor firm is located impacts the way they perform philanthropy. Employing mixed methods permitted a deep understanding of the research topic. I posit further calls for mixed methods fieldwork in social science research.

24. Fixation using alternative implants for the treatment of hip fractures (FAITH): design and rationale for a multi-centre randomized trial comparing sliding hip screws and cancellous screws on revision surgery rates and quality of life in the treatment of femoral neck fractures

Author

McCormack, Robert, Apostle, Kelly, Boyer, Dory, Moola, Farhad, Perey, Bertrand, Stone, Trevor, Viskontas, Darius, Lemke, H. Michael, Zomar, Mauri, Moon, Karyn, Moon, Raely, Oatt, Amber, Buckley, Richard E., Duffy, Paul, Korley, Robert, Puloski, Shannon, Johnston, Kelly, Powell, James, Carcary, Kimberly, Sanders, David, Lawendy, Abdel, Tieszer, Christina, Stephen, David, Kreder, Hans, Jenkinson, Richard, Nousiainen, Markku, Axelrod, Terry, Murnaghan, John, Nam, Diane, Wadey, Veronica, Yee, Albert, Milner, Katrine, Kunz, Monica, Schemitsch, Emil H., Ahn, Henry, Hall, Jeremy A., McKee, Michael D., Whelan, Daniel B., Nauth, Aaron, Vicente, Milena R., Wild, Lisa M., Khan, Ryan M., Hidy, Jennifer T., Coles, Chad, Leighton, Ross, Biddulph, Michael, Johnston, David, Glazebrook, Mark, Alexander, David, Coady, Cathy, Dunbar, Michael, Amirault, David, Gross, Michael, Oxner, William, Reardon, Gerald, Richardson, Glen, Trenholm, Andrew, Wong, Ivan, Trask, Kelly, MacDonald, Shelley, Dobbin, Gwen, Bicknell, Ryan, Yach, Jeff, Bardana, Davide, Wood, Gavin, Harrison, Mark, Yen, David, Lambert, Sue, Howells, Fiona, Ward, Angela, Zalzal, Paul, Brien, Heather, Naumetz, V., Weening, Brad, Simunovic, Nicole, Wai, Eugene K., Papp, Steve, Gofton, Wade T., Liew, Allen, Kingwell, Stephen P., Johnson, Garth, O'Neil, Joseph, Roffey, Darren M., Borsella, Vivian, Avram, Victoria, Oliver, Todd M., Jones, Vicki, Jones, Clifford B., Ringler, James R., Endres, Terrence J., Sietsema, Debra L., Jeray, Kyle J., Broderick, J. Scott, Goetz, David R., Pace, Thomas B., Schaller, Thomas M., Porter, Scott E., Tanner, Stephanie L., Snider, Rebecca G., Nastoff, Lauren A., Bielby, Shea A., Switzer, Julie A., Cole, Peter A., Anderson, Sarah A., Lafferty, Paul M., Li, Mengnai, Ly, Thuan V., Marston, Scott B., Foley, Amy L., Vang, Sandy, Wright, David M., Marcantonio, Andrew J., Kain, Michael S. H., Iorio, Richard, Specht, Lawrence M., Tilzey, John F., Lobo, Margaret J., Garfi, John S., Vallier, Heather A., Dolenc, Andrea, Robinson, Chalitha, Prayson, Michael J., Laughlin, Richard, Rubino, L. Joseph, May, Jedediah, Rieser, Geoffrey Ryan, Dulaney-Cripe, Liz, Gayton, Chris, Shaer, James, Schrickel, Tyson, Hileman, Barbara, Gorczyca, John T., Gross, Jonathan M., Humphrey, Catherine A., Kates, Stephen, Noble, Krista, McIntyre, Allison W., Pecorella, Kaili, Davis, Craig A., Weinerman, Stewart, Weingarten, Peter, Stull, Philip, Lindenbaum, Stephen, Hewitt, Michael, Schwappach, John, Baker, Janell K., Rutherford, Tori, Newman, Heike, Lieberman, Shane, Finn, Erin, Robbins, Kristin, Hurley, Meghan, Lyle, Lindsey, Mitchell, Khalis, Browner, Kieran, Whatley, Erica, Payton, Krystal, Reeves, Christina, Cannada, Lisa K., Karges, David, Hill, Leslie, Mehta, Samir, Esterhai, John, Ahn, Jaimo, Horan, Annamarie D., McGinnis, Kelly, Kaminski, Christine A., Kowalski, Brynn N., Keeve, Jonathan P., Anderson, Christopher G., McDonald, Michael D., Hoffman, Jodi M., Tarkin, Ivan, Siska, Peter, Gruen, Gary, Evans, Andrew, Farrell, Dana J., Irrgang, James, Luther, Arlene, Cross III., William W., Cass, Joseph R., Sems, Stephen A., Torchia, Michael E., Scrabeck, Tyson, Jenkins, Mark, Dumais, Jules, Romero, Amanda W., Sagebien, Carlos A., Butler, Mark S., Monica, James T., Seuffert, Patricia, Hsu, Joseph R., Ficke, James, Charlton, Michael, Napierala, Matthew, Fan, Mary, Tornetta III., Paul, Tannoury, Chadi, Carlisle, Hope, Silva, Heather, Archdeacon, Michael, Finnan, Ryan, Le, Toan, Wyrick, John, Hess, Shelley, Brennan, Michael L., Probe, Robert, Kile, Evelyn, Mills, Kelli, Clipper, Lydia, Yu, Michelle, Erwin, Katie, Horwitz, Daniel, Strohecker, Kent, Swenson, Teresa K., Aurang, Kamran, Zohman, Gary, Peterson, Brett, Huff, Roger B., Baele, Joseph, Weber, Timothy, Edison, Matt, McBeth, Jessica, Shively, Karl, Ertl, Janos P., Mullis, Brian, Parr, J. Andrew, Worman, Ripley, Frizzell, Valda, Moore, Molly M., Tobias, Erin, Thomas, Emily, DePaolo, Charles J., Alosky, Rachel, Shell, Leslie E., Hampton, Lynne, Shepard, Stephanie, Nanney, Tracy, Cuento, Claudine, Cantu, Robert V., Henderson, Eric R., Eickhoff, Linda S., Hammerberg, E. Mark, Stahel, Philip, Hak, David, Mauffrey, Cyril, Gibula, Douglas, Gissel, Hannah, Henderson, Corey, Zamorano, David P., Tynan, Martin C., Pourmand, Deeba, Lawson, Deanna, Della Rocca, Gregory J., Crist, Brett D., Murtha, Yvonne M., Anderson, Linda K., Linehan, Colleen, Pilling, Lindsey, Lewis, Courtland G., Caminiti, Stephanie, Sullivan, Raymond J., Roper, Elizabeth, Obremskey, William, Kregor, Philip, Richards, Justin E., Stringfellow, Kenya, Dohm, Michael P., Zellar, Abby, Segers, Michiel J. M., Zijl, Jacco A. C., Verhoeven, Bart, Smits, Anke B., De Vries, Jean Paul P. M., Fioole, Bram, Van Der Hoeven, Henk, Theunissen, Evert B. M., De Vries Reilingh, Tammo S., Govaert, Lonneke, Wittich, Philippe, De Brauw, Maurits, Wille, Jan, Go, Peter M. N. Y. M., Ritchie, Ewan D., Wessel, Ronald N., Hammacher, Eric R., Heetveld, Martin J., Visser, Gijs A., Stockmann, Heyn, Silvis, Rob, Snellen, Jaap P., Rijbroek, Bram, Scheepers, Joris J. G., Vermeulen, Erik G. J., Siroen, Michiel P. C., Vuylsteke, Ronald, Brom, Hans L. F., Rijna, Herman, De Rijcke, Piet A. R., Koppert, Cees L., Buijk, Steven E., Groenendijk, Richard P. R., Dawson, Imro, Tetteroo, Geert W. M., Bruijninckx, Milko M. M., Doornebosch, Pascal G., De Graaf, Eelco J. R., Van Der Elst, Maarten, Van Der Pol, Carmen C., Van 'T Riet, Martijne, Karsten, Tom M., De Vries, Mark R., Stassen, Laurents P. S., Schep, Niels W. L., Ben Schmidt, G., Hoffman, W. H., Poolman, Rudolf W., Simons, Maarten P., Van Der Heijden, Frank H. W. M., Willems, W. Jaap, De Meulemeester, Frank R. A. J., Van Der Hart, Cor P., Turckan, Kahn, Festen, Sebastiaan, De Nies, Frank, Haverlag, Robert, Out, Nico J. M., Bosma, Jan, Van Kampen, Albert, Biert, Jan, Van Vugt, Arie B., Edwards, Michael J. R., Blokhuis, Taco J., Frolke, Jan Paul M., Geeraedts, Leo M. G., Gardeniers, Jean W. M., Tan, Edward T. C. H., Poelhekke, Lodewijk M. S. J., De Waal Malefijt, Maarten C., Schreurs, Bart, Roukema, Gert R., Josaputra, Hong A., Keller, Paul, De Rooij, Peter D., Kuiken, Hans, Boxma, Han, Cleffken, Berry I., Liem, Ronald, Rhemrev, Steven J., Bosman, Coks H. R., De Mol Van Otterloo, Alexander, Hoogendoorn, Jochem, De Vries, Alexander C., Meylaerts, Sven A. G., Verhofstad, Michiel H. J., Meijer, Joost, Van Egmond, Teun, Van Der Brand, Igor, Patka, Peter, Eversdijk, Martin G., Peters, Rolf, Den Hartog, Dennis, Van Waes, Oscar J. F., Oprel, Pim, Van Der Vis, Harm M., Campo, Martin, Verhagen, Ronald, Albers, G. H. Robert, Zurcher, Arthur W., Simmermacher, Rogier K. J., Van Mulken, Jeroen, Van Wessem, Karlijn, Van Gaalen, Steven M., Leenen, Luke, Bronkhorst, Maarten W. G. A., Guicherit, Onno R., Goslings, J. Carel, Ponsen, Kees Jan, Bhatia, Mahesh, Arora, Vinod, Tyagi, Vivek, Liew, Susan, Bedi, Harvinder, Carr, Ashley, Curry, Hamish, Chia, Andrew, Csongvay, Steve, Donohue, Craig, Doig, Stephen, Edwards, Elton, Etherington, Greg, Esser, Max, Gong, Andrew, Jain, Arvind, Li, Doug, Miller, Russell, Moaveni, Ash, Russ, Matthias, Ton, Lu, Wang, Otis, Dowrick, Adam, Murdoch, Zoe, Sage, Claire, Frihagen, Frede, Clarke-Jenssen, John, Hjorthaug, Geir, Ianssen, Torben, Amundsen, Asgeir, Brattgjerd, Jan Egil, Borch, Tor, Boe, Berthe, Flatoy, Bernhard, Hasselund, Sondre, Haug, Knut Jorgen, Hemlock, Kim, Hoseth, Tor Magne, Jomaas, Geir, Kibsgard, Thomas, Lona, Tarjei, Moatshe, Gilbert, Muller, Oliver, Molund, Marius, Nicolaisen, Tor, Nilsen, Fredrik, Rydinge, Jonas, Smedsrud, Morten, Stodle, Are, Trommer, Axel, Ugland, Stein, Karlsten, Anders, Ekas, Guri, Vesterhus, Elise Berg, Brekke, Anne Christine, Gupta, Ajay, Jain, Neeraj, Khan, Farah, Sharma, Ateet, Sanghavi, Amir, Trivedi, Mittal, Rai, Anil, Subash, Rai, Kamal, Yadav, Vineet, Singh, Sanjay, Tetsworth, Kevin, Donald, Geoff, Weinrauch, Patrick, Pincus, Paul, Yang, Steven, Halliday, Brett, Gervais, Trevor, Holt, Michael, Flynn, Annette, Prasad, Amal Shankar, Mishra, Vimlesh, Sundaresh, D. C., Khanna, Angshuman, Cherian, Joe Joseph, Olakkengil, Davy J., Sharma, Gaurav, Pirpiris, Marinis, Love, David, Bucknill, Andrew, Farrugia, Richard J., Pape, Hans-Christoph, Knobe, Matthias, Pfeifer, Roman, Hull, Peter, Lewis, Sophie, Evans, Simone, Nanda, Rajesh, Logishetty, Rajanikanth, Anand, Sanjeev, Bowler, Carol, Dadi, Akhil, Palla, Naveen, Ganguly, Utsav, Rai, B. Sachidananda, Rajakumar, Janakiraman, Jennings, Andrew, Chuter, Graham, Rose, Glynis, Horner, Gillian, Clark, Callum, Eke, Kate, Reed, Mike, Herriott, Chris, Dobb, Christine, Bhandari, Mohit, Swiontkowski, Marc, Devereaux, Pj, Jeray, Kyle, Thabane, Lehana, Walter, Stephen, Sprague, Sheila, Scott, Taryn, Guyatt, Gordon, Viveiros, Helena, McKay, Paula, Swinton, Marilyn, Truong, Victoria, Koo, Kaitlin, Heels-Ansdell, Diane, Zhou, Qi, Buckingham, Lisa, Duraikannan, Aravin, Maddock, Deborah, Agel, Julie, Van Lieshout, Esther M. M., Zielinski, Stephanie M., Rangan, Amar, Hanusch, Birgit C., Kottam, Lucksy, Clarkson, Rachel, Slobogean, Gerard, Katz, Jeffrey, Gillespie, Brenda, Greendale, Gail A., Guy, Pierre, Hartman, Curtis, Rubin, Craig, Waddell, James, and FAITH Investigators

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

BMC musculoskeletal disorders 15, 219 (2014). doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-219, Published by BioMed Central, London

26. Proton Transfer via Arginine with Suppressed p K a Mediates Catalysis by Gentisate and Salicylate Dioxygenase.

Author

Wang Q, Aleshintsev A, Rai K, Jin E, and Gupta R

Subjects
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Gentisates chemistry, Gentisates metabolism, Dioxygenases metabolism, Dioxygenases chemistry, Dioxygenases genetics, Biocatalysis, Thermodynamics, Catalysis, Protons, Arginine chemistry, Arginine metabolism
Abstract

Gentisate and salicylate 1,2-dioxygenases (GDO and SDO) facilitate aerobic degradation of aromatic rings by inserting both atoms of dioxygen into their substrates, thereby participating in global carbon cycling. The role of acid-base catalysts in the reaction cycles of these enzymes is debatable. We present evidence of the participation of a proton shuffler during catalysis by GDO and SDO. The pH dependence of Michaelis-Menten parameters demonstrates that a single proton transfer is mandatory for the catalysis. Measurements at variable temperatures and pHs were used to determine the standard enthalpy of ionization (Δ H ion °) of 51 kJ/mol for the proton transfer event. Although the observed apparent p K a in the range of 6.0-7.0 for substrates of both enzymes is highly suggestive of a histidine residue, Δ H ion ° establishes an arginine residue as the likely proton source, providing phylogenetic relevance for this strictly conserved residue in the GDO family. We propose that the atypical 3-histidine ferrous binding scaffold of GDOs contributes to the suppression of arginine p K a and provides support for this argument by employing a 2-histidine-1-carboxylate variant of the enzyme that exhibits elevated p K a . A reaction mechanism considering the role of the proton source in stabilizing key reaction intermediates is proposed.

Published
2024
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