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Abstract We continue our investigation of the response tensors in planar Hall (or planar thermal Hall) configurations where a three-dimensional Weyl/multi-Weyl semimetal is subjected to the combined influence of an electric field $${\textbf{E}}$$ E (and/or temperature gradient $$\nabla _{{\textbf{r}} } T$$ ∇ r T ) and an effective magnetic field $${\textbf{B}}_\chi$$ B χ , generalizing the considerations of Phys. Rev. B 108 (2023) 155132 and Physica E 159 (2024) 115914. The electromagnetic fields are oriented at a generic angle with respect to each other, thus leading to the possibility of having collinear components, which do not arise in a Hall set-up. The net effective magnetic field $${\textbf{B}}_\chi$$ B χ consists of two parts—(a) an actual/physical magnetic field $${\textbf{B}}$$ B applied externally; and (b) an emergent magnetic field $${\textbf{B}}_5$$ B 5 which quantifies the elastic deformations of the sample. $${\textbf{B}}_5$$ B 5 is an axial pseudomagnetic field because it couples to conjugate nodal points with opposite chiralities with opposite signs. Using a semiclassical Boltzmann formalism, we derive the generic expressions for the response tensors, including the effects of the Berry curvature (BC) and the orbital magnetic moment (OMM), which arise due to a nontrivial topology of the bandstructures. We elucidate the interplay of the BC-only and the OMM-dependent parts in the longitudinal and transverse (or Hall) components of the electric, thermal, and thermoelectric response tensors. Especially, for the co-planar transverse components of the response tensors, the OMM part acts exclusively in opposition (sync) with the BC-only part for the Weyl (multi-Weyl) semimetals.

Background: Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, a popular member of family Apocynaceae, (Yellow Oleander), contains pharmacologically active constituents include terpenoids, fla-vonoid, steroids and glycosides in seeds. This plant is being the preferred tool for suicides in villages of India. Purpose: To identify the potency of cytotoxicity of the aqueous decoction in different eukaryotic cellular systems (in vivo testing). To fulfil the purpose germinating root tips of Lathyrus sativus root tip cell nucleolus, Chana punctatus and Gallus gallus RBC were chosen as biological models to evaluate the extent of cytotoxicity of the aqueous decoction of Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold dried Seed powder. Results: The presence of Carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, phenolics, terpenoids Some important alkaloids (viz., Hordenine, Ismine, Trisphaeridine, Crinine, Galanthamine, Anhydrolycorine, Assoanine, Galanthine, Incartine, Lycorine and Galwesine), have been already identified in the dried seed powder of Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold. The Cascabela thevetia seed aqueous extract (CTSAE) when incubated with 2% RBC produced hemolysis of chicken RBC (Gallus gallus) and found to produce significant changes in the nucleolar frequency and volume in pre-treated germinating Lathyrus sativus L. seeds with serially diluted concentrations (5mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg/ ml respectively). There was significant increase in electrolyte leakage and decrease in root oxidizability in the aforementioned doses of seed priming in germinating Lathyrus root tip cells. The said pre-treatments induced significant increase in nucleolar breakage and fragmentations followed by the formationof micronucleoli and karyolysis. There was high frequency of occurrence of giant cells and apoptotic cells. In Chana punctatus RBCs the doses produced significant induction of micronuclei. Conclusions: So it might be conclusively inferred that the seeds of Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, is highly toxic not only for plant cells but can evoke elicitation of variable degree of in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity in animal (Gallus gallus and Chana punctatus) tissues in addition to plant genomes. Implications: Strict regulation and monitoring is highly needed to keep this ornamental plant from the reach and vicinity of common man and aquatic vis-a-vis domestic animals for better safety and prevent genotoxicity.

Pulse crops are susceptible to salt stress as per different research reports but how far Lathyrus sativus L., responds to increasing salinity has been taken up in this work. Thus, the harmful effects of increasing salinity on plant cells at various phases of chromosomal integrity and nucleolus morphology have been evaluated in Lathyrus sativus L., variety Mahatora. Lathyrus sativus variety Mahatora seeds were subjected to seed priming with serially diluted concentrations of NaCl (500, 400, 300, 200 and 100 mM respectively) and germination percentage (72 hrs), root length inhibition (7 days) normal and abnormal MI (Mitotic Index) with 2% aceto-orcein staining, nucleolar morphometric cum frequency analysis (0.05% hematoxylin staining), total soluble protein vs Peoxidase activity (POX), Electrolyte leakage (EL) from etiolated roots and root metabolic activity/dehydrogenase activity were measured (TTC staining). From 200 mM onwards, significant reduction in germination percentage and root length inhibition resulted and at 300 and 400 mM salt-priming significant reduction in normal MI%, increased Abnormal MI% showing both aneugenic and clastogenic responses were accounted. At 500 mM pre-exposed root tip cells were found to develop gradual blackening and root tip death and very less viable cells with highly necrotic, vacuolated with chromosomal erosions and nuclear dismantling and nuclear blobbing resulted apoptosis in addition to decreased POX and dehydrogenase activity (300–500 mM NaCl-treated test sets). NaCl stands out as a potential cyto-genotoxicant in Lathyrus sativus L., variety Mahatora. The maximum tolerance level (200–300 mM) and at 400–500 mM NaCl has been highly cytotoxic as per cytological and biochemical data. From 200 mM onwards, nucleolar volume and frequency were altered and at 500 mM pretreatment complete degradation of nuclear machinery was encountered. Owing to high salinity significant proportions of C-mitosis and polyploidy were accounted which conclusively established that NaCl surely had a disruptive role to play during spindle fibre formation process in dividing root cells that in turn produced somatic diads and subsequent polyploidy formations (At 200 to 300 mM).

Background: Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, a popular member of family Apocynaceae, (Yellow Oleander), being one of the preferred weapons for suicides in villages of India is grown in garden and roadside ways as a tree a. Pharmacologically active constituents include terpenoids, fla-vonoid, steroids and glycosides in seeds. Purpose: To identify the different alkaloids present in the seeds of Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, and to evaluate the extent of severity of the toxic components (alkaloids) eubequitiously omnipotent in the aqueous decoction in different eukaryotic genomes. The other purpose lies in identifying this plant seed’s potency as a ready source of active but varied levels of phytochemicals that could be exploited as future “novel bioactives” as therapeutic leads in drug discovery. Results: Some important alkaloids viz., Hordenine, Ismine, Trisphaeridine, Crinine, Galanthamine, Anhydrolycorine, Assoanine, Galanthine, Incartine, Lycorine and Galwesine, are being identified in the dried seed powder of Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold. In addition to the presence of Carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, phenolics, terpenoids and alkaloids in the dried seed powder. The aqueous extract was found to produce significant root length inhibition in pretreated germinating Lathyrus sativus L. seeds with serially diluted concentrations (5mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg/ ml respectively). There was significant occurrence of abnormal cells in the aforementioned doses of pre-treated seeds in Lathyrus sativus L., and Allium sativum L., root tip cells. There was significant induction of almost all types of clastogenic and aneugenic chromosomal aberrations. The said pre-treatments induced significant increase in nuclear budding, double nucleus, nuclear bridges, micronuclei followed by karyorrhexis and karyolysis. There was high frequency of occurrence of giant cells and apoptotic cells. At 40 mg/ml pre-treatment root tip cells there were higher degree of apoptotic responses showing nuclear fragmentations and dislodged nucleolus showing shifting on one corner of the cell in vacuolated cells. Conclusions: So it might be conclusively inferred that the seeds of Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, is highly toxic for germinating plant root cells. Implications: Strict regulation and monitoring is highly needed to keep this ornamental plant from the reach of commercial cash crops including pulse crops for better safety and prevent genotoxicity.

Objectives: Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined in the world. We need to find easy, available, and reliable parameters on which we can depend to prevent stroke, predict outcome, and determine prognosis. This will help in stroke management in the future. Materials and Methods: We noted blood counts and serum homocysteine levels in acute stroke patients after the exclusion of confounding factors. Our team recorded the detailed demographic and blood parameters (blood counts and homocysteine) of acute stroke patients who got admitted to different departments of our hospital in 5 months. We later correlated or tried to find the association between these parameters and stroke severity (NIHSS), other clinical parameters such as dysarthria and stroke outcome (Modified Rankin Score (mRS) at discharge and at 3 months). The team also tried to find relationships, if any, with different stroke subtypes as per the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification. Results: Out of 100 patients (34 females and 66 males), we had 28 patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). The high neutrophil count and total leukocyte count correlated with stroke severity, dysarthria, and outcome at 3 months (poor mRS). While, it was the opposite in the case of lymphocyte count. Homocysteine level did not correlate with stroke severity or outcome but with dyslipidemia. HHcy was more prevalent among patients with large artery atherosclerotic disease. Conclusion: Findings of our study were agreeable to earlier studies on the relationship between blood counts and stroke prognosis. Although high homocysteine level was associated with stroke, its level was not found to be related to stroke severity or outcome. However, further study with a larger sample size is required to draw a confident conclusion.

Measurement(s) surface area of lakes and reservoirs Technology Type(s) unsupervised machine learning on satellite derived data

Abstract India has the highest burden of tuberculosis worldwide. Over the last six decades there was evolution of national programs on tuberculosis. The present national program on tuberculosis emphasized on elimination and prevention of tuberculosis.

Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is more common in the Indian subcontinent compared to the Western world and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, all possible modifiable factors should be searched and steps taken so that a single opportunity is not missed in preventing such a catastrophe. The aim of the study is to find out whether homocysteine and Vitamin B12 are related to ICH. Materials and Methods: We included acute ICH patients of 18 years and above who came to our institute and got admitted in 5 months (September 2021–January 2022). Our team noted the demographics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (at admission and discharge) and other clinical parameters. Volume and site of the intracerebral hematoma (from the initial computed tomography [CT] scan of the brain) were noted. The outcome and prognostic markers like Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, MRS at 3 months (also MRS at admission) and ICH score were calculated. The blood parameters, including serum homocysteine and Vitamin B12 level, were noted post admission in hospital. Results: We found out of 44 ICH patients; ten patients had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy): 22.72%. We detected significant correlation between HHCy with ICH score (inverse relationship) and dyslipidemia (direct relationship). Conclusion: We found an inverse correlation between serum homocysteine level and ICH score, which shows a short-term (1 month) prognosis. This might hint that homocysteine might have a protective role to play in ICH. However, we probably need larger study population to find a correlation strong enough so that we can make a stronger conclusion.

In light of a general scenario of a two-level non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonian, we apply the tetrad-based method to analyze the possibility of analogue Hawking radiation. We carry this out by making use of the conventional null-geodesic approach, wherein the associated Hawking radiation is described as a quantum tunneling process across a classically forbidden barrier on which the event horizon imposes. An interesting aspect of our result is that our estimate for the tunneling probability is independent of the non-Hermitian parameter that defines the guiding Hamiltonian.

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Timely and accurate monitoring of tree crop extent and productivities are necessary for informing policy-making and investments. However, except for a very few tree species (e.g., oil palms) with obvious canopy and extensive planting, most small-crown tree crops are understudied in the remote sensing domain. To conduct large-scale small-crown tree mapping, several key questions remain to be answered, such as the choice of satellite imagery with different spatial and temporal resolution and model generalizability. In this study, we use olive trees in Morocco as an example to explore the two abovementioned questions in mapping small-crown orchard trees using 0.5 m DigitalGlobe (DG) and 3 m Planet imagery and deep learning (DL) techniques. Results show that compared to DG imagery whose mean overall accuracy (OA) can reach 0.94 and 0.92 in two climatic regions, Planet imagery has limited capacity to detect olive orchards even with multi-temporal information. The temporal information of Planet only helps when enough spatial features can be captured, e.g., when olives are with large crown sizes (e.g., >3 m) and small tree spacings (e.g.,