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INTRODUCTION: The devastating outcome of orthopaedic surgical site infections (SSI) are largely preventable if its risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in the regional area are known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study to address the lack of epidemiological and microbiological data on orthopaedic SSI in Malaysia. All the 80 patients diagnosed and treated for microbiologically proven orthopaedic SSIs in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia from April 2015 to March 2019 were included in a 1:2 case control study. RESULTS: The prevalence of SSI in clean and clean- contaminated surgeries was 1.243%, which is consistent with most of the studies worldwide, but is low compared to other studies done in Malaysia. The most common type of orthopaedics SSI were internal fixation infections (46.25%), superficial SSIs (25.2%) and Prosthetic joint infections (18.75%). Obesity and tobacco use were found to be significant risk factors of orthopaedic SSI. The most common perioperative prophylaxis used was IV cefuroxime. Majority of the cases (86.5%) received prolonged prophylactic antibiotics. The most common causative agent was Staphylococcus aureus (31.25%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.25%) and Enterobacter spp (7.5%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for 20% of the S. aureus infections. Up to 19.4% of the Gram-negative organisms are multidrug resistant. The higher rate of isolation of organisms resistant to the prophylactic antibiotics being used may be related to the prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics, which exerted selective pressure for the acquisition of resistant organisms. CONCLUSION: Despite its relatively low prevalence in our local institution and worldwide, the prevention of SSI in orthopaedic practice is crucial to avoid morbidity, mortality and high healthcare cost. This may be achieved by control of modifiable risk factors such as obesity and tobacco use, appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics and implementation of good surgical and infection control practices.

The ageing process is influenced by many internal and external factors. The toxic substances in the environment can cause genomic damages to cells, which increase the risk of early ageing. Furthermore, the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene polymorphism is a susceptibility factor and may enhance the risk of DNA damage in cells. The current study was carried out to show whether occupational exposure could cause genotoxicity in cells carrying the CYP1A2 gene polymorphism, thus enhancing the likelihood of early ageing. This study was conducted on mechanical workshop workers and a control group by collecting buccal cells from their mouths. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) was used to identify the CYP1A2 gene polymorphism in the cells. In addition, three extra methods including micronuclei (MN) test, comet assay and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) were applied to determine the effects of gene polymorphisms on DNA damage and ageing from occupational exposure. The results showed that DNA damage in the cells carrying the mutated genotype was higher than the wild genotype. In addition, the difference in MN frequency (p = 0.001) and relative telomere length (p = 0.002) between workers and controls was significant (p 0.05). It was concluded that the CYP1A2 gene could be a contributing factor to prevent early ageing from occupational exposure.

The management of solid waste poses a worldwide obstacle in the pursuit of a sustainable society. This issue has intensified with the increase in waste production caused by rapid population expansion, industrialization, and urbanization. The continuously growing volume of municipal solid waste, particularly the substantial volume of organic waste, along with improper disposal practices, results in the release of greenhouse gases and other harmful airborne substances which simultaneously causes health risks and socioeconomic concerns. This article examines various waste-to-energy (energy production in the form of heat and electricity) concepts as well as waste-to-materials (various value-added materials including biofuel, biochemical, char, bio-oil, soil fertilizer, etc.) methods of converting municipal solid waste into environmentally friendly fuels, which appear to be economically feasible and attractive. It starts with a thorough analysis of the characteristics of municipal solid waste followed by the generation procedure. The study provides an overview of different thermochemical conversion methods including incineration, pyrolysis, co-pyrolysis, liquefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, combustion for transformation of municipal solid waste, and their recent advancement. The review comprehensively discussed the pros and cons of each method highlighting their strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats to transforming MSW. The current state of municipal solid waste management, including effective dumping and deviation, is comprehensively assessed, along with the prospects and challenges involved. Energy justice concepts and fuzzy logic tool is used to address the selection criteria for choosing the best waste treatment techniques. Moreover, several recommendations are offered to enhance the existing solid waste management system. This review could assist scholars, researchers, authorities, and stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding MSW management.

Having access to real-world information and accurate data is a key factor in improving auditor performance, which in turn impacts business performance and decision-making. Consequently, this research aims to determine how financial institutions' levels of experience impact the accuracy of the information they disclose. The present statistical population consists of all 127 businesses listed on the United Arab Emirates Stock Exchange. This type of research is categorized as applied studies in relation to the research methods used in the UAE stock market. Using a systematic deletion procedure, 46 companies were chosen based on the study's inclusion criteria. The findings revealed that in the UAE, the quality of financial information disclosure for companies listed on the UAE stock exchange is significantly affected by the auditor's decision-making experience, the duration of their job, and the size of the auditor.

Conventional methods of crop yield estimation are costly, inefficient, and prone to error resulting in poor yield estimates. This affects the ability of farmers to appropriately plan and manage their crop production pipelines and market processes. There is therefore a need to develop automated methods of crop yield estimation. However, the development of accurate machine-learning methods for crop yield estimation depends on the availability of appropriate datasets. There is a lack of such datasets, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We present curated image datasets of coffee and cashew nuts acquired in Uganda during two crop harvest seasons. The datasets were collected over nine months, from September 2022 to May 2023. The data was collected using a high-resolution camera mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle . The datasets contain 3000 coffee and 3086 cashew nut images, constituting 6086 images. Annotated objects of interest in the coffee dataset consist of five classes namely: unripe, ripening, ripe, spoilt, and coffee_tree. Annotated objects of interest in the cashew nut dataset consist of six classes namely: tree, flower, premature, unripe, ripe, and spoilt. The datasets may be used for various machine-learning tasks including flowering intensity estimation, fruit maturity stage analysis, disease diagnosis, crop variety identification, and yield estimation.

Changing the nature of behavioral knowledge in the auditing profession from purely classical processes in the development of auditors' functions to philosophical and cognitive processes has increased the quality of work life in this field. The purpose of this study is to present a model of auditors' psychological well-being and evaluate identified themes in the auditing profession. This study employs an exploratory methodology with analytical elements. Because of the lack of an integrated framework regarding the recognition of auditors' psychological well-being dimensions, we identified the study's themes through 12 interviews and coded them using thematic analysis. Then, using two processes of fuzzy Delphi analysis and classic Delphi, we analyzed the reliability of the organizing and basic themes. In the quantitative part, to explain the themes confirmed from the Delphi analysis stage in the audit professional functions, we applied the fuzzy network analysis. In this study, according to the theoretical saturation point in thematic analysis, 12 accounting experts participated, and in the quantitative part, 30 auditors with more than five years of experience in the auditing profession who had work experience and technical knowledge participated. The results of the study in the qualitative part indicate the existence of three overarching themes, six organizing themes, and 38 basic themes. Also, based on the result of the Delphi analysis, it was determined that from the total of 38 basic themes, 17 final themes were entered into the fuzzy network analysis in the form of six organizing themes, and the findings showed that the most effective organizing theme of psychological well-being in the context of professional auditing functions is the theme of perception stimulation of auditors. Findings also revealed that strengthening the internal locus of control is the most effective aspect of psychological well-being in auditing. 1- IntroductionExpanding behavioral sciences' influence on auditing in recent decades has transformed auditors' traditional approaches and professional roles, enhancing the quality of auditing reports. This is due to the interplay between professional judgment and auditing standards within the auditors' behavioral and cognitive domains. (Zhao et al,2023). A significant development in auditing knowledge is the concept of psychological well-being. Psychological well-being encompasses auditors' emotional and mental states, their overall life and career satisfaction, as well as their mental efficiency and functionality (Broberg et.al, 2020). According to Chen et al. (2022), well-being is closely tied to an individual's perception of their experiences, leading to higher mental satisfaction and more qualified roles in professional responsibilities. In essence, psychological well-being results in positive emotions, a sense of purpose, autonomy, and the ability to form meaningful relationships with others (Mahmoudi and Sajadi Nejad, 2022). Literature ReviewWhen investigating the findings of a study in the field of Disease Psychology, a group of psychologists, guided by Seligman et al. (1999), concluded that despite significant achievements in developing effective therapies, focusing on the causes of diseases, especially mental ones, can lead to a reduction in fatal diseases in society. They aimed to explore the factors contributing to increased productivity in people's lives and embarked on a new cycle of studies to assess individual capabilities. This effort ultimately led to the development of a gradual psychological well-being approach within the domain of positive psychology. Therefore, one prominent focus in recent years has been on psychological well-being, which seeks to redefine the professional life of individuals through the lens of positive psychology (Haghayeghi and Moghaddam Zadeh, 2022). O’Driscoll et al. (2004) were pioneers in formalizing the concept of psychological well-being within the framework of positive psychology. They emphasized the infusion of happiness and satisfaction into personal performance as a fundamental achievement of this concept.On the other hand, Gurel (2009) emphasizes active participation in the professional environment as key to defining psychological well-being. It involves individuals striving to experience positive self-efficacy and creating a balanced career while attributing meaning to their work relationships. Furthermore, Clark et al. (2007) view psychological well-being as an affective state. They assert that motivation in one's job is driven by the happiness and vitality derived from personal performance, which in turn fosters emotional attachment to one's job. Despite varying definitions of psychological well-being, it is evident that a deeper understanding of this concept is essential for greater effectiveness in the profession. MethodologyThe current study serves a developmental purpose and has an exploratory nature in its results. Furthermore, it adopts a combined approach in data collection. Given the lack of a coherent framework in previous studies for the phenomenon under investigation within the auditing profession, our study aims to present a multi-dimensional model using thematic analysis and the approach outlined by Attride-Stirling (2001) across three coding stages and interviews. In other words, in the first stage, it is attempted to present the themes of the auditors’ psychological well-being model in the form of a multi-dimensional model via analyzing the qualitative part and relying on thematic analysis process. The underlying philosophy of our study combines elements of volunteerism in the universe philosophy with structuralism in the philosophy of science. ResultsGiven the inductive and comparative nature of this study, the basic themes of auditors' psychological well-being are identified in the qualitative phase through thematic analysis. The reliability of these themes is then assessed using both Delphi Fuzzy and Delphi Classic analyses. The study proceeds to identify the most influential themes within the auditors' psychological well-being model through network analysis, specifically employing Fuzzy Analytic Network in the field of auditing. Therefore, thematic analysis was used in the first step to determine the themes related to the auditors’ psychological well-being. Thematic analysis serves as an administrative process that examines the foundations and concepts of the current issue through concurrent content analysis in related studies and interviews to define its dimensions. Typology of thematic analysis according to Attride-stirling (2001) is applied in the present study. The results indicated that strengthening the internal locus of control within the auditing profession (C13) is considered the most critical theme in enhancing psychological well-being in the auditing profession. This theme draws attention to bolstering the professional functions of independent auditors. This basic theme is considered among the organizing themes which stimulate the auditors’ perception and pervasive theme of individual mechanisms in reinforcing psychological well-being. DiscussionThe aim of this study is to conduct a network analysis within the auditors' psychological well-being model to define key factors in the auditing profession. Thematic analysis was chosen to present the model since there was no existing theoretical framework for developing the dimensions of psychological well-being in auditors' professional roles in this study. In total, a hexagonal model was constructed, consisting of three overarching themes, six organizing themes, and 38 basic themes. These themes were developed through 12 interviews with experts and three coding stages, guided by the theoretical saturation point, and were introduced as contributing factors to the development of auditors' psychological well-being. Confirming reliability of the organizing and basic themes was required as two important constructs in the presented model in the qualitative part with the purpose of determining the most effective theme in the auditors’ psychological well-being. Through two separate Delphi Fuzzy and Delphi Classic processes, it was initially found that the six organizing themes displayed high generalizability within recognized categories as pervasive themes. Secondly, out of the 38 primary themes, 21 basic themes were eliminated during two rounds of Delphi Classic analysis based on two criteria: mean and agreement coefficient. As a result, 17 basic themes were confirmed and incorporated into the Fuzzy Analytic Network process. ConclusionTwo key results emerged from the prioritization of organizing and basic themes in the analytical process. Prioritizing organizing themes revealed that the most impactful theme on psychological well-being in the field of professional auditing is 'stimulating the auditors’ perception' (C1), with a relative weight of 0.286, placing it at the top of the matrix. Conversely, 'reinforcing internal locus of control' (C13) was identified as the most crucial basic theme for enhancing psychological well-being in the auditing profession, highlighting its potential significance in strengthening the professional functions of independent auditors.

Emotion labor is defined as any conflict between institutional demands and teachers’ professional beliefs and preferences. Engaging in emotion labor is an inevitable aspect of becoming a language teacher. Scholars agree that language teacher agency and identity are closely tied to emotion labor. This fact particularly looms large for novice language teachers, who tend to perceive contradictions between what they imagine prior to entering the profession and what they actually experience in their teaching contexts. This case study applied activity theory (Engeström, 2015) and Gee’s (2000) identity framework to explore how the emotion labor experienced by a novice Iranian female teacher of English as a foreign language (EFL) over a five-year career period at three private language institutes affected her language teacher agency and identity. The findings, obtained from class observations and semi-structured interviews, highlight two major sources of emotion labor: 1) profit-oriented policy, and 2) performance-constraining factors within the institute, which caused the participant to contemplate quitting her job. Implications and further research are discussed in line with the interplay among emotion labor, language teacher identity, and well-being.

The melting enthalpy and melting temperature have a significant impact on the latent heat that results from phase change materials (PCMs) used for thermal energy storage. Among the PCMs that are currently on the market, inorganic salt hydrates have greater thermal conductivity and latent heat than organic PCMs. However, the problem of salt hydrates' degree of supercooling limits their use in energy storage devices. Using sodium carbonate decahydrate (SCD) and sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate (SPDD), a low temperature inorganic-inorganic eutectic salt hydrate PCM with a higher melting enthalpy and intended phase transition temperature is developed in this research study. The eutectic SCD/SPDD salt hydrate PCM eutectic point and the eutectic composition of salt hydrate PCMs to operate at low temperature range is numerically determined using Schrader equation. By numerical methods we obtain the 68 wt% of SCD with 32 wt% of SPDD to exhibit eutectic SCD/SPDD composite with eutectic melting temperature of 26.2 °C and melting enthalpy of 210.6 J/g. The synthesised eutectic PCM are characterised to explore their chemical stability, latent heat, melting point and their shortcoming due to degree of supercooling. A good way to get around the problem of the supercooling degree is to disperse the nucleating agents. In order to assess the type and degree of supercooling, the produced eutectic PCM composition is experimentally evaluated at 1–10% utilising borax, alumina, and sodium sulphate dodecahydrate as nucleating agents. However, for building cooling applications PCM with minimal degree of supercooling, with the ability to release low enthalpy during discharging is an advantage.

Persons with disabilities (PwD) are believed to be a group that had a greater risk during the pandemic. While PwD are vulnerable to the spread of COVID-19 due to their high dependence on physical contact, a series of policies restricting public movement during the pandemic had the potential to place PwD in increasingly marginalized situations. This situation reinforces the urgency of crisis communication as one of the critical parts of the COVID-19 response to ensure that all levels and groups of society can accept and understand the flow of information. Using a qualitative approach, this research was conducted through in-depth interviews with PwD age 17-50 in the city of Makassar, Indonesia. The results of this study suggest that crisis communication during the pandemic should involve participatory communication, which focuses on collaboration with empowerment. The PwD communities need to be actively engaged during the communication process of a pandemic crisis to ensure that inclusiveness is always taken into account. During the distribution of information, the relevant health officers or the government at the regional level need to carry out more frequent socialization and special services for PwD based on the characteristics of their disabilities.

The epistemological tenets of sociocultural theory view teacher professional development as a continuous and reflective analysis of pedagogical practices and learner development. Accordingly, inquiry-based approaches to teacher professional development and specifically reflective journals can be an asset for teachers, in their endeavor for self-empowerment, by creating a mediational space in which they can exercise their agency and achieve more productive instructional practices. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the professional development of ten Iranian EFL student teachers through narrative inquiry, “which is conducted for and by the teacher” during one year of attending practicum. To this end, 100 reflective writings of 10 EFL student teachers, which were written during one year, were analyzed based on three functions of narratives as “externalization”, “verbalization” and “systematic examination” (Johnson & Golombek, 2011). The results indicated the importance of narrative inquiry in the development of the professional identity of student teachers. The results also implied the value of responsive mediation in L2 teacher education.

The present study investigated the interplay between language anxiety, locus of control, and language proficiency of EFL students in online classes. The participants of the study were 67 upper-intermediate students between 18 to 30 years old and were selected randomly from a few language institutes in Shiraz. Two questionnaires and a proficiency test were used: Chametzky’s Online World Language Anxiety Scale, Rotter’s Locus of control questionnaire, and The Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English. Pearson-product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and independent-samples t-test were run to answer the research questions. The results of the study revealed a strong negative correlation between locus of control and language proficiency, meaning that those who had higher scores on the proficiency test were internal. In addition, a strong negative correlation was found between language anxiety and language proficiency, indicating that anxiety has adverse effects on language proficiency. Thirdly, both locus of control and language anxiety could predict language proficiency, but the former was a better predictor. This means that the effect of locus of control is much higher than anxiety on the language proficiency of Iranian EFL learners in online classes. This research can help students and teachers to recognize individual differences better.

Therapeutic discourse is a special type of organizational discourse which is used by psychotherapists when treating their patients. The present study uses the conversation analysis approach to find the principles of turn taking in the therapeutic situation. This study specifically examines the therapeutic discourse of treatment sessions for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) based on the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach. The method used in this research is qualitative. The corpus used in this study included 2520 minutes of conversation in psychotherapy sessions. The participants in this study were 16 people of both sexes. ATLAS ti. computer software has been used to construct and present the verbal pattern. The results of this study show that most of turn taking were related to female clients and psychotherapists. This result is related to the relationship between clients and psychotherapists, women's verbal habits, excessive curiosity, and their challenging personality. The presence of overlap in the speech of female psychotherapists and clients and pause in other conversations have been the most widely used signs of turn taking in this type of conversation. The present study has faced some limitations. One of the most important limitations of this research was the prevalence of Covid 19 virus. Also, obtaining the consent of some psychologists and clients to record their videos and voices in psychotherapy sessions has been another limitation of this research. Given the importance of communication and linguistic studies in psychotherapy, it is suggested that future research be conducted on the following topics: “Comparison of GAD Patients’ Speech Pattern with Speech Pattern of Other Anxiety Disorders” and “The effect of direct and indirect expression on anxiety in patients with anxiety disorders”.

AbstractRaisin factories face a problem called waste and unusable waste in their industry. Due to the richness of industrial waste in this industry from carbon, in this work, we synthesized activated carbon by chemical method from raisin waste. For the synthesis of activated carbon, a chemical method with a zinc chloride activating agent was used in one to one mass ratio. After the optimization of various parameters such as type of activation agent, the ratio of activating agent, carbonization temperature and carbonization time, the best conditions for activated carbon were obtained. Then, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the synthesized activated carbon, a methylene blue dye removal test as a model was performed. Optimal conditions for the removal of methylene blue dye using the activated carbon including neutral pH, ambient temperature and the amount of adsorbent 0.01 g in 10 mL of solution with a concentration of 20 mg L-1 were obtained. In these conditions, the removal efficiency is more than 99%. The adsorption capacity is about 20 mg g-1 and the reaction kinetics is quasi-second order and according to thermodynamic studies the endothermic reaction is spontaneous and with increasing entropy. The dye adsorption mechanism on the adsorbent also follows the Langmuir isotherm, which indicates the uniformity of the adsorbent surface and the monolayer adsorption. Finally, in order to compare the performance of synthetic activated carbon, the amount of dye removal under optimal conditions was compared with the commercial activated carbon including Merck, Jacobi and activated carbon obtained from the almond shell. The results showed that synthetic activated carbon can compete with commercial samples.

This quantitative study aimed to investigate the combined effects of two types of strategic planning, namely collaborative and teacher-led planning conditions and task complexity on Iranian intermediate language learners' oral production in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. To achieve this purpose, 90 EFL learners were selected through convenience sampling from a language institute in Shiraz, Iran, and randomly assigned to two control and four experimental groups. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design in the form of pretest, treatment, and posttest. In the first step, all participants took part in a speaking pretest in which they were required to narrate a story based on a series of picture description tasks. While the experimental groups underwent 10 treatment sessions of picture description task performance along with two planning types i.e., teacher-led and collaborative planning conditions, the control groups were not allowed to plan the task performance. In the last session, the language learners took a posttest whose results were compared with those of the pretest. The findings revealed that the language learners in the collaborative planning groups outperformed the other groups in terms of both fluency and complexity. Further, teacher-led groups did better than the other groups in terms of accuracy. This study carries crucial implications for EFL teachers, material developers, syllabus designers, and speaking skill examiners.

Teachers need to keep up to date with a set of clear and common expectations and formidable challenges that arise in classroom assessment practices. Defining and conceptualizing of language assessment literacy have been the subject of much debate, especially with regard to detecting and defining the main components of language assessment literacy for language teachers (Levi & Inbar-Lourie, 2019). The main aim of the study was to pinpoint and define the main comments of LAL in the EFL context of Iran. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews with high school EFL teachers, and reviewed existing literature, documents on language assessment literacy as well as utilized the grounded theory approach to explore EFL teachers’ perception and insights into language assessment literacy and define the main components of language assessment literacy based on the EFL teachers' perceptions. The proposed model consists of three elements, namely awareness of language pedagogy, assessment principles and interpretation, assessment policy and local practices. In the second stage of the present study, to ensure reliability and validity of the scale, 203 Iranian EFL teachers with the age range between 22 to 55 were asked to complete the newly-developed instrument. Finally, to measure the EFL teachers’ language assessment literacy, 41 five-point Likert-scale items were developed. Based on all validation and statistical procedures, the newly-developed scale can be considered a valuable tool for measuring high school EFL teachers’ language assessment literacy.

Abstract Transportation sector is one of the core parts of modern civilization. Proper utilization of energy and exergy in this sector is necessary to ensure energy loss and environmental sustainability. Increasing exergy efficiency will reduce carbon emissions from this sector. Since 1970, Reistad estimates have been widely used to determine the energy and exergy efficiencies of this sector. However, the modern transport sector has undergone significant changes in recent decades. Hence, it is necessary to apply new Reistad estimates in determining the energy and exergy efficiencies. This is the first study to apply updated Reistad estimates to explore the energy and exergy efficiencies in the transportation sector of Bangladesh based on the data from 2000 to 2017. The overall exergy efficiency is significantly lower than the energy efficiencies as it ranges from 27.7% to 30.0%. Efficiencies are lower as the maximum portion of input exergy is lost to the environment. The road subsector needs major improvements as it is responsible for major amount of exergy loss. A comparison is made between conventional and updated estimates which highlights that the updated estimates provide more accurate results. Thus, it is recommended to apply updated Reistad estimates in determining the energy and exergy efficiencies of the transport sector.

Abstract Background Carbon dots (C-dots) are photoluminescent nanoparticles with less than 10 nm in size. Today, many studies are performed to exploit the photoluminescence (PL) property of carbon dots, and our focus in this study is to estimate the dipole moment of carbon dots. For reaching our aims, C-dots were synthesized and dissolved in the different solvents. Results Carbon dots with intense photoluminescence properties have been synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method from a carbon bio-source. In this research, we report on the effect of aprotic solvents on absorption and fluorescence spectra and dipole moments of C-dots dispersed in a range of many aprotic solvents with various polarity and dielectric constant at room temperature. The change in the value of dipole moment was estimated by using the Stokes shifts. The difference between the dipole moment of the excited state and the ground state was shown using an extended form of Lippert equations by Kawski and co-workers. Conclusions The values found for μg = 1.077 D, and μe = 3.157 D, as well as the change in the dipole moments. The results showed that the dipole moment of the excited state is more than the ground state, indicating a high density and redistribution of electrons in the excited state. Finally, the quantum yield of C-dots in the eclectic aprotic solvents was communicated and discussed.

Each of art creators has their own tendencies in producing their works. The choices of form and process are significantly influenced by their cultural and aesthetical experience. The objective is to obtain the originality of the ideas and to offer novelty among the development in the field of theatre todays. This writing is aimed to reveal the creative process of the producing of a theatre work entitled Biografi Garam (The Biography of Salt). Methodologically, this is a qualitative study to describe the method or the creative process. Ethnography and Estetika Paradoks are adopted to gain the structure of thoughts influencing the alternatives in constructing the performance aesthetic. The form of body theatre is chosen to obtain the natural structure of Madurese body as well as to release the identity to perform a free body. The creative process conducted through tubuh mengenal (the body knowing) and tubuh mengalami (the body experiencing) gives methodological experience on how the acts processed through natural body and situation becomes a theatre artwork. The background of Madurese people with all of the natural characteristics constructs the actor body so that a cultural body can be created on the stage. Ethnography and imagination process are the methods interrogating the body to become a theatre body performing Madura aesthetically to the stage. The form of a stage body is the construction result between the cultural Madura and the body execution in manifesting the ideas and imagination into an artwork that can be appreciated by the audience.

Due to the idea of Islamization of humanistic sciences after the Islamic revolution in Iran, the concept of identity found new dimensions in the eyes of revolutionary policymakers and a sense of skepticism gradually grew regarding the impact of common educational policies on shaping learners’ identity. Therefore the discovered threat was responded by designing local regulatory plans such as the Fundamental Reform Document of Education (FRDE) to meet various ends among which planning for shaping learners’ identity was the most prominent one. Thus, this study employed a qualitative approach and used techniques based on content analysis and grounded theory to study how identity is envisioned in FRDE, using MAXQDA software, FRDE was analyzed, then extracted items were coded and categorized in different affinities and finally five main themes appeared as the model of practicing national identity in FRDE namely a) The Nationwide b) The Islamic c) The Social d) The Individual and, e) The Global.

In this study, the home market effect on competitive and multilateral monopoly industries was studied concerning double-digit ISIC classification published by Statistical Center of Iran. For this purpose, dynamic panel data were implemented using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regarding the period 2001–2015. The results indicate that the demand coefficient in multilateral monopoly market industries is higher than in competitive market industries. The home market effect only exists in “the production of radio and television, and communication devices and machines” industries in multilateral monopoly market industries; thus, investing in this industry can lead to exports. In other industries, there have not been the home market effect, which means relatively higher demand for their products will generally lead to the net imports of the products.That is, the imports’ effect will dominate exports and will lead to imports.

MXenes possess unique features that are useful for broader industrial development. However, although many different compositions of MXenes have been discovered, little research has been conducted on the optimal synthesis strategy for producing the best MXenes yield. Therefore, substantial work is performed on the synthesis’ structure and property relationship for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications since MXenes have been successfully hybridised with rice husk ash (RHA). In this study, to produce titanium-based MXene, Ti3C2 nanopowders are added to the rice husk ash matrix to synthesise hybrid RHA/MXene composites (R-MX). Using different weight percentages of MXene hybridised with rice husk ash (2 wt. % R-MX, 4 wt. % R-MX and 6 wt. % R-MX), different electrochemical properties are obtained. Meanwhile, electrochemical analysis is undertaken to investigate the methanol oxidation performance using Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV). The highest percentage of the R-MX hybrid composite, 6 wt. % MXene, showed the lowest Tafel slope (148 mV/dec) and the highest ionic exchange current density in the same Tafel analysis. Moreover, the incorporation of MXene into RHA produced good results from the chronoamperometry analysis (CA), with the highest percentage of the hybrid composite, R-6MX, showing the highest retention rate of 97.28%. Meanwhile, the Nyquist plot analysis showed an increasing semicircle arc diameter at the lower-frequency region, implying a lower interfacial charge resistance upon the addition of MXene into RHA. This outcome corresponded to the CA and LSV analysis findings, R-6MX showed a remarkable performance in terms of having the highest peak current density of 0.9454 mA/cm2 and retention rate of 97.28%. Both of these values show that hybrid R-6MX was able to maintain a high current for the entire duration. The current is maintained in a stable form for some time, proving that R-6MX was the most stable, with a minimal corrosion reaction and tolerance in a methanol medium. The results from this study enabled an evaluation of the possibility of utilising low-cost, green RHA material for fuel cell applications to promote sustainability. The novelty of this work is that a cheap source of silica-based RHA, a type of waste material, is incorporated with MXene through hybridisation processes.

Flipped learning is an instructional approach that underlines the efficient use of classroom time by shifting the conventional activities of learners and educators in and out of the class. In flipped learning, students' roles as passive listeners change to active participants in classroom activities. The present study was designed to build a model of flipped classroom instruction (FCI) for the general IELTS writing. Additionally, this research intended to examine if there is a meaningful difference between the students’ general IELTS writing scores in the flipped class and those in the conventional class. An FCI model was carefully developed based on the thematic analysis of the previous flipped classroom studies about writing. Then it was operationally explained for a general IELTS writing class. The participants of the study consisted of 100 male and female Iranian EFL learners. Fifty learners were randomly selected to experience FCI and the other fifty learners received conventional classroom instruction. The findings revealed that the learners in the flipped classes, on average, acquired higher scores than the learners in conventional classes.

This study examined the combined effects of two task complexity levels (i.e., high- and low-complex) and two planning conditions including pre-task planning and on-line planning on Iranian intermediate language learners’ speech production regarding complexity, accuracy, and fluency. To this end, 90 intermediate EFL learners from a language institute in Shiraz were randomly assigned into two control and four experimental groups. At first, the language learners in all groups participated in the speaking pretest. Presented with a series of picture description tasks, the participants were asked to narrate a story. During 10 treatment sessions of picture description task performance, the experimental and control groups attempted different planning time conditions including pre-task planning, online planning, and no-planning along with task complexity levels. Finally, following the last session, the posttest was administered to all participants. The narrations analysis, as well as the results of Mixed between-within groups ANOVAs and a series of one-way ANOVAs, manifested that language learners in the pre-task high complexity group outperformed all other groups in terms of complexity. Moreover, the online low complexity group and online high complexity group outperformed the pre-task planning low complexity, no-planning low complexity, and no-planning high complexity groups regarding accuracy. With regard to fluency, the pre-task planning low complexity group significantly outperformed the no-planning low complexity, no-planning high complexity, and online high complexity groups. It was also concluded that pre-task planning affected language learners’ speech fluency. The implications of the results are also addressed.

Introduction: Internet addiction can be explained by various factors, including executive functions as multifunctional neuropsychological structures. Aim: The purpose of this study is to predict internet addiction through executive functions among students of Allameh Tabataba'i University. Method: The present study is a correlational study and its statistical population consists of students of Allameh Tabataba’i University who have studied in the second semester of the 2019 academic year. The statistical sample of the study included 206 Undergraduate Student who were selected by available sampling in this study. In order to measure Internet addiction, the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire was used and to evaluate the executive functions Go/No Go Task, N-Back Task and Wisconsin Card Classification Task (WCST) were used. Correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical software. Results: The results of the analyzed data show that there was no relationship between working memory components (N-Back Test Series n2) and Internet addiction (P

The present study was primarily aimed at investigating how Processing instruction would affect the Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical knowledge and how the effectiveness of this method would be modulated by the learners’ individual differences in grammatical sensitivity. To this end, three senior intact high school classes were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group. Each of the experimental groups was treated with one operationalization of Processing instruction, namely, full PI (n=24), and Structured input (n=24) while the control group (n=20) received traditional output-based instruction (TI) on the English passive structure over three weekly sessions. The results illustrated that Processing instruction was more effective than TI since it improved learners’ both interpretation and production while TI only could improve learners’ production. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the positive impact of Processing instruction was not affected by the learners’ differences in grammatical sensitivity. All in all, this suggests that as long as a grammatical structure is affected by an underlying processing problem, Processing instruction is possibly a more effective pedagogical option compared to traditional output-based instruction. Furthermore, Processing instruction seems to work for all learners irrespective of their differences in terms of grammatical sensitivity.