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Background: Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective in cancer treatment, different adverse effects induced by these therapeutic modalities (such as ototoxicity) restrict their clinical use. Co-treatment of melatonin may alleviate the chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced ototoxicity. Objective: In the present study, the otoprotective potentials of melatonin against the ototoxicity induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy were reviewed. Methods: According to the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search was carried out to identify all relevant studies on “the role of melatonin against ototoxic damage associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy” in the different electronic databases up to September 2022. Sixty-seven articles were screened based on a predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven eligible studies were finally included in this review. Results: The in vitro findings showed that cisplatin chemotherapy significantly decreased the auditory cell viability compared to the control group; in contrast, the melatonin co-administration increased the cell viability of cisplatin-treated cells. The results obtained from the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests demonstrated a decreased amplitude of DPOAE and increased values of ABR I-IV interval and ABR threshold in mice/rats receiving radiotherapy and cisplatin; nevertheless, melatonin co-treatment indicated an opposite pattern on these evaluated parameters. It was also found that cisplatin and radiotherapy could significantly induce the histological and biochemical changes in the auditory cells/tissue. However, melatonin co-treatment resulted in alleviating the cisplatin/radiotherapy-induced biochemical and histological changes. Conclusion: According to the findings, it was shown that melatonin co-treatment alleviates the ototoxic damage induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mechanically, melatonin may exert its otoprotective effects via its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities and other mechanisms.

The optical properties of CdZnS nanofilms are studied in this paper in relation to the deposition time. Deposition times ranged from 15 to 60 minutes for the CdZnS thin films, which had been developed on surface of glassy substrates. The other factors, such as reactant concentration, solution pH, and bath temperature, were held constant throughout the deposition process. The films were annealed at 200 °C for 120 minutes in a thermal furnace after the deposition process. Measurements of absorbance, transmission spectrum, and direct and indirect energy gaps were made using UV-VIS spectrophotometers. Transmittance in the 400-1000 nm range was 70-90 percent for all of the prepared films. With a wavelength of 600 nm and higher, transmittance was around 90%. CdZnS films have bandgap energies ranging from 2.4–2.15 eV for direct transitions and from 2.1–1.97 eV for indirect band gaps.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation of Lactobacillus helveticus on growth, digestive enzymes, and hematological, biochemical, immune, and antioxidant parameters, as well as intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (35.46 ± 0.9 g) were fed with different levels of dietary L. helveticus: control, 1×106, 1×107, 1×108, and 1×109 at high stocking density (80 Kg m−3) for 60 days. Results indicated that growth performance significantly improved in probiotic supplemented fish (P < 0.05). Digestive enzyme parameters revealed that supplementation could significantly increase amylase, protease, and lipase (P < 0.05). The treated groups showed significant improvements in serum immune parametersincluding lysozyme (LYZ), alternative complement (ACH50), respiratory burst activity (RBA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (P < 0.05). Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and globulin (GLO) increased in fish fed experimental diets (P < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly lower in fish fed dietary additives (P < 0.05) while white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, hematocrit (Hct), red blood cells (RBC) were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Fish fed with supplemented diets showed significantly enhanced antioxidant status, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in fish fed dietary additives (P < 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the treatment groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of L. helveticus reduced detrimental effects of high stocking density on growth performance and immune response. It appears that L. helveticus can be recommended as a beneficial probiotic feed additive for rainbow trout.

Purpose: Ototoxicity is one of the major adverse effects of cisplatin therapy which restrict its clinical application. Alpha-lipoic acid administration may mitigate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In the present study, we reviewed the protective potentials of alpha-lipoic acid against the cisplatin-mediated ototoxic adverse effects. Methods: Based on the PRISMA guideline, we performed a systematic search for the identification of all relevant studies in various electronic databases up to June 2022. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the obtained articles (n=59) were screened and 13 eligible articles were finally included in the present study. Results: The findings of in-vitro experiments showed that cisplatin treatment significantly reduced the auditory cell viability in comparison with the control group; nevertheless, the alpha-lipoic acid co-administration protected the cells against the reduction of cell viability induced by cisplatin treatment. Moreover, the in-vivo results of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests revealed a decrease in DPOAE and an increase in ABR threshold of cisplatin-injected animals; however, it was shown that alpha-lipoic acid co-treatment had an opposite pattern on the evaluated parameters. Other findings demonstrated that cisplatin treatment could significantly induce the biochemical and histopathological alterations in inner ear cells/tissue; in contrast, alpha-lipoic acid co-treatment ameliorated the cisplatin-mediated biochemical and histological changes. Conclusion: The findings of audiometry, biochemical parameters, and histological evaluation showed that alpha-lipoic acid co-administration alleviates the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The protective role of alpha-lipoic acid against the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity can be due to different mechanisms of anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory activities, and regulation of cell cycle progression.

This research aims to prepare a nanocolloidal solution of gold and gold capped with PVA by chemical reduction method by sodium tri-citrate as a reducing agent and using gold chloride as a source of gold ions in aqueous solution at room temperature (RT). The prepared materials were diagnosed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the elemental composition analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), as well as the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results showed that the shape of the prepared particles is spherical with enhanced diameters close to 10 nanometers and with good scattering.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structure, morphology and optical properties of a newly developed hybrid structure that was generated from a Fe2O3–Cu–PVA composite matrix. Several methods, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as absorption and transmission spectra, were used to investigate the samples. The addition of copper was found to have no influence on the crystalline arrangement of PVA–Fe2O3, according to the findings of crystallography. In the wavelength region from 450[Formula: see text]nm to 550 nm, the produced composites exhibit significant absorption. It is essential that the region of shorter wavelengths experiences a steady shift toward the region of maximum absorption in these composites when copper is included. The transmittance of PVA–Fe2O3 is over 80% in the region of 600–800[Formula: see text]nm, making it an extremely transparent material. Following the addition of 5% by weight of copper to the nanocomposite, the transmittance of the material dropped to 50% within the same range of wavelengths. The synthesized materials were put to use as anti-cancer cells, and they demonstrated a high level of effectiveness in the process of killing tumor cells, particularly the PVA–Fe2O3–Cu combination.

The scientific development and economic advances have led to the identification of many pathogenic agents in hospital effluents. Hospital wastewaters are qualitatively similar to municipal wastewaters, with the difference that these wastewaters contain toxic and infectious substances and compounds that can be dangerous for the health of the environment, employees of these centers, and the entire community. Therefore, in the last few years, it has been emphasized that all hospitals and medical and health centers should have a treatment facility for their produced wastewater so that the health of the society and people is not threatened. An issue that is not paid attention to has become one of the environmental problems and concerns of the world today. The present study focused on the investigate hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and the environment. In this narrative study, the first literature search was performed with four hundred and twenty-three articles were retrieved based on PubMed, Elsevier, Web of science, Spring, and Google Scholar databases. The results of this study showed that wastewater from hospitals and medical centers can play a significant impress in polluting soil and aquatic environments and spreading infectious diseases. According to the mentioned contents, collection and treatment of hospital wastewater is essential. In addition, if hospital wastewater enters the wastewater collection network without knowing its characteristics or with incomplete treatment and finally enters the municipal wastewater treatment plant. It causes many problems, including disturbing the balance of the biological system of the treatment plant. Purification and disposal of hospital wastewater is considered a vital action based on environmental standards. The results of this study also showed that the treatment methods of this type of hospital wastewater can play a significant role in reducing the spread of diseases caused by hospital wastewater treatment, including infectious diseases. The results of this study can be very useful for politicians, the managers of the Ministry of Energy and Health and the Environmental Organization in choosing the appropriate methods and process to reduce hospital wastewater and increase the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment plants.

The photocatalytic degradation of Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3G-P (CB) dye in aqueous solution using ZnO, CuO, Au–ZnO, Cu-ZnO, and Au–CuO–ZnO nanomaterials produced using Acacia dealbata leaf extract is described in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission- scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopic studies (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), element analysis EDX, and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the structural, chemical, morphological, topological, and optical properties of as- synthesized nanomaterials, The characterization research validated the successful synthesis route and demonstrated the effective dispersion of Au and CuO over the ZnO surface. Furthermore, the XRD patterns were discovered to conform to the hexagonal structure of ZnO wurtzite. In addition, A hybrid Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite's compositional characterization was explored using EDX-mapping, which proved the efficient distribution of Zn, Cu, O, and Au in the hybrid composite. The roughness of the produced nanostructures was confirmed by topological analysis. With the doping of Au and CuO NPs, the absorption threshold edge of ZnO was moved from the UV to the visible area, according to the optical investigation. Under visible light irradiation, photocatalytic (CB) dye degradation studies demonstrated that the Au–CuO–ZnO nanocomposite is more efficient than pure ZnO at degrading the dye. After 50 minutes After 45 minutes of illumination under ideal circumstances of 1.0 g/L photocatalyst, 10 ppm (CB) dye, and pH 10, photodegradation efficiency of up to 99 percent was achieved. Photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the increased photodegradation efficiency of Au–CuO–ZnO, according to the reactive species investigation. The Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite displayed high potential stability and recyclability, with 78.6 percent photoactivity remaining after five cycles, according to the recycling data. and study the effect of Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite on bacteria of coli Escherichia and Staphylococcus aureus, where these bacteria were used as a representative of the cream negative bacteria and the positive bacteria respectively. The results showed the rate of success (Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite) in eliminating and destroying these bacteria and this is possible by using the nanoscale solution to sterilize and eliminate bacteria. By assessing cytotoxicity, it was demonstrated that Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite can both kill and stop the proliferation of cancer cells. When compared to cancer cells not treated with the chemical, the Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite shown very deadly efficiency against cancer cells by preventing their development and reproduction. One of the most crucial techniques for identifying inhibition in living cells is the procedure of determining the toxicity of the synthesized chemicals. Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite had a biological activity with an IC50 of 35.33 g/ml.

In this research, an attempt is made to prepare an organic–inorganic hybrid material that aims to improve some of the physical properties of polymeric mixtures composed of polyethelyne oxide (PEO) and polystyrene (PS) by adding copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles to the single polymers as well as by adding them to the mixture whereby 5% of nanoparticles were added to the polymer. The effect of the addition was studied by SEM and UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The energy band gaps attained by Tauc equation proved that the energy bandgaps are (from 4.4, 3.1 and 3.1[Formula: see text]eV) for nanocomposites.

The synthesis and applications of nanomaterials are an excitingand emerging field of scientific research. In this paper, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using parsley leaf extract via the screening method (autoclave hydrothermal heating, and heater), and their microbial activities were studied. An extract of chopped parsley leaves was prepared. AgNO3 salt with a concentration of 1 mM was used. In every two methods of autoclave hydrothermal heating and heater, 5 mL of the Parsley leaf extract was mixed with 25 mL of silver nitrate salt. By FTIR analysis, the presence of Petroselinum crispum (parsley) leaf extract in NPs was identified. By using a hydrothermal autoclave and heater to synthesize AgNPs at the lowest wavelength, the size of NPs was achieved at 403 nm and 414 nm, respectively. All samples synthesized by different techniques had suitable zeta potential and acceptable stability. By giving the zeta potential of NPs synthesized by autoclave (-14.3 mV), results showed that this method is suitable for the production of AgNPs. Comparing the antibacterial attributes of the synthesized Ag NPs by different techniques (autoclave and heater) on Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) showed 16±1, and 12±1, respectively. Resumen. La síntesis y las aplicaciones de los nanomateriales son un campo de investigación científica emocionante y emergente. En esta investigación, se sintetizaron nanopartículas de plata (AgNP) utilizando extracto de hoja de perejil a través del método de selección (calentamiento hidrotermal en autoclave y calentador), y se estudiaron sus actividades microbianas. Se preparó un extracto de hojas de perejil picadas. Se utilizó AgNO3 a una concentración de 1 mM y se utilizaron los métodos de calentamiento en autoclave y calentador; se mezclaron 5 mL del extracto de hoja de Perejil con 25 mL de sal de nitrato de plata. Mediante análisis FTIR se identificó la presencia de extracto de hoja de Petroselinum crispum (perejil) en NPs. El tamaño de las NP se logró a 403 nm y 414 nm, con los métodos de calentamiento en autoclave y calentador, respectivamente. Todas las muestras sintetizadas por diferentes técnicas tuvieron un potencial zeta adecuado y una estabilidad aceptable. Al dar el potencial zeta de las NP sintetizadas en autoclave (-14,3 mV), los resultados mostraron que este método es adecuado para la producción de AgNP. La comparación de los atributos antibacterianos de las AgNP sintetizadas por diferentes técnicas (autoclave y calentador) en bacterias Gram-negativas (Escherichia coli) dieron 16±1 y 12±1, respectivamente.

Dielectrophoretic devices are capable of the detection and manipulation of cancer cells in a label-free, cost-effective, robust, and accurate manner using the principle of the polarization of the cancer cells in the sample volume by applying an external electric field. This article demonstrates how a microfluidic platform can be utilized for high-throughput continuous sorting of non-metastatic breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and non-tumor breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) using hydrodynamic dielectrophoresis (HDEP) from the cell mixture. By generating an electric field between two electrodes placed side-by-side with a micron-sized gap between them in an HDEP microfluidic chip, non-tumor breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) can be pushed away, exhibiting negative DEP inside the main channel, while the non-metastatic breast cancer cells follow their course unaffected when suspended in cell medium due to having conductivity higher than the membrane conductivity. To demonstrate this concept, simulations were performed for different values of medium conductivity, and the sorting of cells was studied. A parametric study was carried out, and a suitable cell mixture conductivity was found to be 0.4 S/m. By keeping the medium conductivity fixed, an adequate AC frequency of 0.8 MHz was established, giving maximum sorting efficiency, by varying the electric field frequency. Using the demonstrated method, after choosing the appropriate cell mixture suspension medium conductivity and frequency of the applied AC, maximum sorting efficiency can be achieved.

The structural, morphology, and optical properties of a new hybrid structure prepared from CuO nanoparticles embedded in a Fe2O3–PVA composite matrix were investigated in this work. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption and transmission spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were all used to analyze the prepared materials. Crystallography information revealed the presence of CuO that did not affect the crystal structure of PVA–Fe2O3. The prepared composites revealed strong absorption in the range of 440–570 nm. It was observed that the highest absorption of these composites gradually shifted to the shorter wavelength region with the presence of CuO. PVA–Fe2O3 is highly transparent, with a transmittance of around 85% in the range of 600–800 nm. After the addition of 5% by weight of CuO nanoparticles, the transmittance of the nanocomposite drops to 75% in the same range of wavelength. The prepared materials were used as anti-cancer cells, and they showed high efficacy to kill tumor cells, especially PVA–Fe2O3–CuO at concentration 0.5 [Formula: see text]g/mL.

A new nano-hybrid material prepared by physical mixing of the components was used in biomedical applications where three samples of the prepared materials were used to determine the best composition as an antibacterial and anticancer agent in addition to its use as an antifungal agent. In the case of antimicrobials, two types of bacteria were used: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and one type of fungus was used: Candida albicans. The area of inhibition was calculated after using the hybrid material of 2.5% titanium oxide with iron oxide, which gave better results than pure iron oxide and that mixed with 5% titanium dioxide.

New hybrid (organic–inorganic) material based on nanocrystalline CdSe capped with EDTA and poly(O-toluidine) doped with camphor sulfonic acid (POT-CSA) is processed from solution and characterized in order to relate the device function (optical absorption, charge separation and transport properties) to active-layer properties and device parameters. POT/CdSe hybrid material has been synthesized using physical mixing method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to investigate the structural and morphological properties. The organic–inorganic composite system was applied as an active device component to demonstrate the electrical memory effects. The device exhibited a nonvolatile, resistive switching performance with a constant ON–OFF current ratio. The nonvolatile behavior was confirmed by applying a 2.5-V read pulse.

There is a lack of evidence and consensus in terms of the association between dietary intake of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) with mental health. By using 24-hours urinary samples as the gold standard method, we conducted a study to explore the association between dietary intake of Na and K with parameters of mental health including depression, anxiety, and stress among an Iranian population diagnosed with migraine. In the present study, 262 subjects (20-50 years old), with a confirmed diagnosis of migraine were enrolled. Mental health was investigated by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire. Dietary intake of Na and K was estimated by means of a 24-hour urine sample. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was implemented and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was stated. After controlling for potential confounders, the 24-hour urinary Na was associated significantly with the risk of depression (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.00; P = .053). After adjustment for confounders, those in the highest tertile of the 24-hour urinary Na/K ratio had lower odds for having depression (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.93; P = .027), and marginally significantly lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.06; P = .079) and stress (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.02; P = .061). In conclusion, higher 24-hour urine Na was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression. Moreover, the 24-hour Na/K ratio was significantly associated with lower risk of depression, anxiety, and stress.