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This study investigates the effects of game playing on performance and attitudes of students towards mathematics of Grade VIII. The study was undergone by implementing TGT technique for the experimental group and typical lecture-based approach for the control group. A same achievement test was employed as in both pre-test and post-test, an inventory of attitudes towards mathematics were applied for the pre-test and post-test on TGT experimental and control group, an attitude scale on computer games was employed for the TGT experimental group, a semi-structured interview for teacher and a FGD guideline for students were applied to serving the purpose of research objectives. After three-weeks of intervention, it had been found out that TGT experimental group students had achieved a significant learning outcome than lecture based control group students. Attitude towards mathematics were differed to a certain positive extent on TGT experimental group.

Games-based learning has captured the interest of educationists and industrialists who seek to reveal the characteristics of computer games as perceived by some to be a potentially effective approach for teaching and learning. Despite this interest in using games-based learning, there is a dearth of studies on the context of gaming and education in Third World countries. This study investigated the effects of game playing on performance and attitudes of Grade VIII students toward mathematics. The study implemented TGT technique for the experimental group and typical lecture-based approach for the control group. The same achievement test was employed in both pretest and posttest; an inventory of attitudes towards mathematics was applied for the pretest and posttest on TGT experimental and control group, an attitude scale on computer games was employed for the TGT experimental group, a semi-structured interview for the teacher and an FGD guideline for students were applied to serve the purpose of research objectives. After three weeks of intervention, it was shown that the TGT experimental group students had achieved a significant learning outcome than the lecture based control group students. Attitude toward mathematics differed to a certain positive extent in the TGT experimental group. Based on these findings, some recommendations were made to overcome barriers to integrating web-based game playing into the classroom.

Bangladesh has emerged as a lower-middle income country and depends on its export earnings mainly from the ready-made garment (RMG) industry. However, one of the key challenges to the sustainability of this industry is its low labor productivity. This article addresses this problem and questions what factors contribute to lower labor productivity in Bangladesh's RMG industry. This research question has been investigated by conducting a management survey in which qualitative responses were analyzed. Based on the perceptions of senior management, the study finds that a combination of economic and social factors determines labor productivity in this industry. Although entrepreneurial strategy can control some of these factors, instruments such as offering incentives to workers, external factors such as education levels in the country, or the culture in the workplace cannot be influenced. This article contributes to the literature on sustainability challenges to entrepreneurship in the global supply chain, the upgradation by entrepreneurs in the global value chain, and the role of entrepreneurs in the development of the RMG sector in Bangladesh. Understanding the difficulties in producing a skilled workforce from the point of view of entrepreneurs may show the pathway for policymakers to deal with this challenge of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with tests of the covariance matrix of the disturbances in the linear regression model that involves nuisance parameters which cannot be eliminated by the usual invariance arguments. Score-based tests, namely, Lagrange multiplier (LM) and locally most mean-powerful (LMMP) tests are derived from the marginal likelihood. Applications considered include (i) testing for random regression coefficients, (ii) testing for second-order autoregressive (AR(2)) disturbances and (iii) testing for ARMA(1,1) disturbances, each in the presence of AR(1) disturbances. An empirical size and power comparison shows that the new tests typically have more accurate asymptotic critical values and slightly more power than their respective conventional counterparts. Keywords: Asymptotic locally most mean-powerful test; Autocorrelation; Hildreth-Houck random coefficients; Invariance; Lagrange-multiplier test

Complex mixtures are formed via the low-temperature oxidation of phosphorus by sulfur at 0-80 degrees C, including 12 binary phosphorus sulfides. A reactive sulfur species apparently triggers the reaction, with the S8 diradical formed by an S-S bond's cleavage considered the most probable candidate for the sulfur species. High S:P4 ratios occur in the initially formed products, suggesting that the products are rapidly made by a process that is not highly dependent upon the formation of a lower sulfide.