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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are at the forefront of rapid advancements in renewable energy. Yet, there remains considerable potential for enhancing both performance and stability. This study undertakes a comparative analysis aimed at designing a dual absorber PSC using the SCAPS-1D simulator. Two initial configurations are explored to model an optimized structure. The first configuration features a single-junction structure with FTO/CdS/BaZrSe3/V2O5/Au, while the second follows a similar design using FTO/CdS/CsPbI3/V2O5/Au. A third configuration introduces a graded dual active layer setup: FTO/CdS/CsPbI3/BaZrSe3/V2O5/Au. A key challenge for achieving optimal photovoltaic performance lies in the absorber layers' limited light absorption. However, integrating a graded absorber with both narrow and wide band-gap layers significantly boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC devices. The proposed graded dual active layer design demonstrates remarkable results, achieving a PCE of 27.52%, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 46.33 mA/cm2, a high fill factor of 78.34%, and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.7582 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA helicase DDX5 is a host restriction factor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) biosynthesis. Mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) identified significant DDX5‐interacting partners, including interferon‐inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and RBBP4/7, an auxiliary subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). DDX5 co‐eluted with IFI16, RBBP4/7, and core PRC2 subunits in size exclusion chromatography fractions derived from native nuclear extracts. Native gel electrophoresis of DDX5 immunoprecipitants revealed a 750 kDa DDX5/IFI16/PRC2 complex, validated by nanoscale co‐localization via super‐resolution microscopy. Prior studies demonstrated that IFI16 suppresses HBV transcription by binding to the interferon‐sensitive response element of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), reducing H3 acetylation and increasing H3K27me3 levels by an unknown mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of IFI16 inhibited HBV transcription from recombinant rcccDNA, correlating with increased IFI16 binding to rcccDNA, reduced H3 acetylation, and elevated H3K27me3, determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of ectopic IFI16 on HBV transcription was reversed by siRNA‐mediated knockdown of DDX5 and EZH2, the methyltransferase subunit of PRC2. This reversal was associated with decreased IFI16 binding to rcccDNA, enhanced H3 acetylation, and reduced H3K27me3. Similarly, endogenous IFI16 induced by interferon‐α inhibited HBV rcccDNA transcription in a DDX5‐ and PRC2‐dependent manner. In HBV‐infected HepG2‐NTCP cells, the antiviral effect of interferon‐α was abrogated upon knockdown of DDX5 and EZH2, underscoring the crucial role of the DDX5 complex in IFI16‐mediated antiviral response. In conclusion, in response to interferon, DDX5 partners with IFI16 to bind cccDNA, directing PRC2 to epigenetically silence cccDNA chromatin, thereby regulating immune signaling and HBV transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of the COVID‐19 epidemic on students in Bangladesh through text classification using various machine learning (ML) algorithms and deep learning (DL) models. The pandemic led to emergency crisis protocols in the country, including self‐quarantine and the closure of educational and governmental institutions, resulting in significant negative impacts on individuals' physical and mental health, including anxiety, sadness, and terror. To better understand the psychological effects of the epidemic, the authors collected survey data from 400 students in various divisions of Bangladesh using self‐administered questionnaires through Google Forms. Preprocessing techniques such as tokenization, filtering, and n‐gram modeling were used in the analysis. The study deployed eight different ML algorithms and DL models, including LSTM, BiLSTM, and CNN, to classify the effects on students' academic, mental, and social lives. The results show that the ML classifier algorithms were highly effective, achieving accuracies of 95.00%, 93.75%, and 95.00% for academic, mental, and social life impact, respectively. Furthermore, hybrid DL models, such as CNN‐LSTM and CNN‐BiLSTM, produced good scores in predicting the impacts on students' lives. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the impacts of the COVID‐19 epidemic on students' academic, mental, and social well‐being in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the SCAPS-1D tool has been used to numerically examine the performance of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) based Molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) solar cells containing CdS electron transport layer (ETL) and Cu2O hole transport layer (HTL). Based on the photovoltaic cell parameters, including absorber layer thickness, temperature, defect density, the effects of series and shunt resistance, and electron affinity, the structure of both MoTe2 based solar cells with and without the usage of the HTL has been analyzed. With 1.1 μm thickness of MoTe2 and doping density of 5 × 1015 cm−3, Al/FTO/CdS/MoTe2/Cu2O/Ni heterojunction's solar cell proposed structure has been optimized. The final power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 32.38%, open-circuit voltage (Voc) = 1.07 V, short-circuit current (Jsc) = 35.12 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) = 86.32% has been determined from the optimized structure. The determined results indicate a suitable path for the realization of low cost and high efficiency MoTe2-based solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spices like Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), Zingiber officinale (ginger) etc are indispensable part for the preparation of our daily food and are reported to possess compounds, which have varied with beneficial biological effects. Aims: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antioxidant potentials of ethanolic extracts of A. cepa bulb, A. sativum bulb and Z. officinale rhizome. Methods: All the extracts of these three spices were subjected to total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging assay for determination of antioxidant activity. Data are tested and tabulated by using SPSS software of 10 version. Results: The present study revealed that Z. officinale extract exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 value of 32.439 (μg/ml)), followed by A. cepa (IC50 value of 48.077 (μg/ml)), and A. sativum (IC50 value of 78.289 (μg/ml)) respectively. The study also supplicated that Z. officinale has higher phenolic but lower flavonoid content at different concentrations than A. cepa and A. sativum. Conclusion: According to our present study it can be summarized that these spices have antioxidant activity and can be used as natural drug sources for the development of potential preventive intervention in case of free radical-mediated diseases. Therefore, consumption of these spices might be helpful in combating the progression of various diseases related to oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]