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microRNAs have emerged as essential regulators of health and disease, attracting significant attention from researchers across diverse disciplines. Following their identification as noncoding oligonucleotides intricately involved in post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression, extensive efforts were devoted to elucidating and validating their roles in fundamental metabolic pathways and multiple pathologies. Viral infections are significant modifiers of the host microRNAome. Specifically, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which affects approximately 39 million people worldwide and has no definitive cure, was reported to induce significant changes in host cell miRNA profiles. Identifying and understanding the effects of the aberrant microRNAome holds potential for early detection and therapeutic designs. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the impact of HIV on host microRNAome. We aim to review the cause-and-effect relationship between the HIV-induced aberrant microRNAome that underscores miRNA's therapeutic potential and acknowledge its limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objectives were to ascertain the following: (1) the prevalence and socioeconomic distribution of hypertension (HTN), undiagnosed for HTN, and untreated cases of HTN‐diagnosed individuals; (2) the relationship between SES and the prevalence of HTN, undiagnosed for HTN, and untreated for HTN; and (3) whether sex moderate this association. Data from the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey were used. 11,776 participants who were 18 years of age or older responded to our analysis. The age‐adjusted prevalence of HTN, undiagnosed for HTN, and untreated cases was 25.1%, 57.2%, and 12.3%. Compared to females, males were less likely to have HTN but more likely to have undiagnosed HTN. People in the rich SES groups had a higher odd of (adjusted odds ratio [aoR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.45) of having HTN compared to those in the poor SES group. When compared to individuals in the poor SES group, those in the rich SES group had lower odds of undiagnosed (aoR 0.57; 95% CI 0.44–0.74) and untreated (aoR 0.56; 95% CI 0.31–0.98) for HTN. Sex moderated the association between SES and HTN prevalence, which showed that men from rich SES were more likely to suffer from HTN than men from poor SES. According to this study, the government and other pertinent stakeholders should concentrate more on developing suitable policy measures to reduce the risk of HTN, particularly for men in rich socioeconomic groups. They should also concentrate on screening and diagnosing HTN in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, regardless of sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we synthesize composites of CoxMg1−xFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) spinel nano-ferrites and polybenzoxazine (PBZ) and characterize their structural, optical, and magnetic properties. The magnetic nanoparticles are fabricated using the chemical co-precipitation method. The benzoxazine (BZ) monomer is synthesized by Mannich condensation reaction using aniline, paraformaldehyde, and phenol. Specific weights of the ferrite particles and BZ monomer are then mixed and thermally treated to produce the composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) ensures that the desired spinel phase is formed. Moreover, the average crystallite size calculated from the XRD data ranges from 5.3 to 15.5 nm, which shows a fair degree of agreement with the transmission electron microscope images. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy has confirmed the chemical composition of the samples. Fourier transform infrared characterization has been used to confirm the formation of BZ and PBZ. The magnetic properties at room temperature are evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Increasing the cobalt content has increased the saturation magnetization (Ms) significantly in the ferrite samples while creating composites with PBZ decreased the Ms values. We find that the coercivity (Hc) of the composites has increased more than that of the bare ferrite particles. The optical properties are evaluated by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis) analysis, where it is found that the optical bandgap increases with an increase in the Mg component. Higher retention of the magnetic properties in the composite, especially coercivity (Hc), shows potential for applications that require high magnetic properties in combination with structural flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is a devastating disease that has high mortality rates and a negative impact on quality of life. Heart failure patients often experience emergency readmission after an initial episode, often due to inadequate management. A timely diagnosis and treatment of underlying issues can significantly reduce the risk of emergency readmissions. The purpose of this project was to predict emergency readmissions of discharged heart failure patients using classical machine learning (ML) models based on Electronic Health Record (EHR) data. The dataset used for this study consisted of 166 clinical biomarkers from 2008 patient records. Three feature selection techniques were studied along with 13 classical ML models using five-fold cross-validation. A stacking ML model was trained using the predictions of the three best-performing models for final classification. The stacking ML model provided an accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) of 89.41%, 90.10%, 89.41%, 87.83%, 89.28%, and 0.881, respectively. This indicates the effectiveness of the proposed model in predicting emergency readmissions. The healthcare providers can intervene pro-actively to reduce emergency hospital readmission risk and improve patient outcomes and decrease healthcare costs using the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]