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Transfer function (TF) is an acknowledged method for power transformer mechanical faults detection. However the past published works mostly discovered how to specify the faults levels and paid less attention to detection of the type of faults using comparison of TFs. whereas, it seems important for most of the applications to specify the type of fault without opening the unit. This paper presents a new method based on vector fitting (VF) to compare the TFs and specify the type, level and location of the fault. For development of the method, and its verification the required measurements are carried out on four model transformers; under intact condition, and under different fault conditions (axial displacement, radial deformation, disc space variation and short circuit of winding) and the TFs are determined. Employing VF, the coefficients of TFs are determined with the required accuracy. Using those coefficients, a new index is introduced to specify the type, level and location of the fault in the winding. Convincingly good results were obtained. Therefore it is believed that this finding could be helpful in fault diagnosis in actual power transformer windings.

Solar energy has been accepted as an alternative source of energy worldwide recently. Current researches and markets have shown that Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is the fastest growing and most promising form of renewable energy used in generating electricity. This paper presents an intelligent sun tracking system in which photo-resistors (sensors) are used to determine the direction of the sunlight along with wind sensors to specify the direction of the wind. Due to their high performance and low expense, these sensors have been preferred and used. An algorithm based on fuzzy logic is designed to implement the controlling system considering all the various meteorological conditions. The hardware structure of the system consists of an AVR microcontroller; hence the small size of the whole controlling system. The solar cell is used as the power supply of the controlling system. Finally, an intelligent solar power plant is implemented by means of the techniques mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to investigate the solubility and thermodynamics of salicylic acid in two binary solvent mixtures of (1-propanol+propylene glycol) and (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether+1-propanol). The study was conducted in the temperature range of 293.2 to 313.2K. To analyze the experimental solubility data, several linear and nonlinear cosolvency models, such as the van't Hoff, Jouyban-Acree, Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff, mixture response surface, and modified Wilson models were employed. The models' effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the mean relative deviations of the back-calculated solubility data to the experimental values. In addition, the apparent thermodynamic parameters, including Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were calculated using the van't Hoff and Gibbs equations. Furthermore, the study measured the density values for salicylic acid-saturated mixtures and represented them mathematically through the Jouyban-Acree model., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

This study investigates the solubility behavior of Naproxen (NAP) in binary solvent mixtures of 1-propanol (1-PrOH) and 2-propanol (2-PrOH) with ethylene glycol (EG) across a range of temperatures. The solubility of NAP was experimentally determined at five different temperatures (293.15 to 313.15 K), and the data were correlated using various thermodynamic models, including the van't Hoff, Jouyban-Acree, modified Wilson, mixture response surface, Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff. The results demonstrated that NAP's solubility increases with temperature in both solvent systems. Notably, NAP exhibited higher solubility in mixtures with 1-PrOH compared to 2-PrOH, despite the lower polarity of 2-PrOH. This unexpected trend is attributed to the distinct molecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, influenced by the structural differences between 1-PrOH and 2-PrOH. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that no polymorphic transformation occurred in NAP during dissolution, maintaining its crystalline structure. The solubility data were well-correlated by the applied models, with overall MRDs% (mean relative deviation percentage) below 6.1., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this study, a novel fluorescence nanoprobe based on Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL-101) metal-organic frameworks embedding into the agarose hydrogel is fabricated using a hydrothermal technique. It uses for sensitive quantification of deferiprone in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. The morphology and characterization of MIL-101/agarose nanocomposite hydrogel is studied by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering instrument, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The probe shows a reasonable fluorescence intensity quenching in the presence of deferiprone due to the interactions between iron centers in MIL-101 (Fe) and deferiprone, which likely form non-fluorescent complexes. The proposed nanoprobe demonstrates a linear calibration curve from 0.005 to 1.5 µg mL - 1 with a detection limit of 0.003 µg mL - 1 . The intra- and inter-day precision of the reported method are 0.3% and 0.4% (n = 5, deferiprone concentration = 1.0 µg mL - 1 ), respectively. This method demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity towards deferiprone in the EBC samples and also presents a sensing platform with simplicity, convenience, fast implementation, and cost-effective in medical monitoring., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Morphine serves as a foundation for creating other opioid derivatives, such as hydro/oxymorphine and heroin, which possess enhanced pain-relieving properties but are also prone to addiction and abuse. In cases of morphine overdose, it not only affects multiple immune functions but can also cause severe health complications. Given these concerns and the widespread use of morphine, it is crucial to develop efficient, uncomplicated, and precise methods for accurately detecting morphine in various biological and pharmaceutical samples., Results: In this investigation, a novel gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)-based double network hydrogel (DNH) nanoprobe has been fabricated for sensitive quantification of morphine in exhaled breath condensate samples. For that, gelatin/agarose DNH was fabricated through a one-step heating-cooling method in the presence of AuNPs, providing not only chemical stability but also prevent the AuNPs aggregation during synthesis process. In this method, the absorbance intensity of the nanoprobe gradually decreased with increasing morphine concentration due to the interaction morphine with AuNPs surface plasmon. The aggregation of AuNPs by addition of morphine was verified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The sensor displayed high sensitivity with detection limit of 0.006 µg.mL -1 in the linear range from 0.01 to 1.0 µg.mL -1 . A reliable performance was attained for the spectrophotometric method for determination of morphine in the real samples., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this study, an enzyme mimic catalyzed H 2 O 2 -tetramethylbenzidine system based on UiO-66/Au NPs-PVA nanocomposite hydrogel was employed as an optical probe for chlordiazepoxide sensing. An excellent detection limit of 0.0032 μg mL -1 with a linear range of 0.005-2.0 μg mL -1 was obtained for chlordiazepoxide in exhaled breath condensate samples under optimal conditions. The validated system showed good repeatability, simplicity, and stability toward chlordiazepoxide sensing in the exhaled breath condensate of patients receiving this drug., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

In this study, the solubility of mesalazine was investigated in binary solvent mixtures of poly ethylene glycols 200/600 and water at temperatures ranging from 293.2K to 313.2K. The solubility of mesalazine was determined using a shake-flask method, and its concentrations were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The obtained solubility data were analyzed using mathematical models including the van't Hoff, Jouyban-Acree, Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff, mixture response surface, and modified Wilson models. The experimental data obtained for mesalazine dissolution encompassed various thermodynamic properties, including ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°, and TΔS°. These properties offer valuable insights into the energetic aspects of the dissolution process and were calculated based on the van't Hoff equation., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Vancomycin is employed to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Ensuring precise vancomycin dosages is essential to avoid the emergence of bacterial resistance. In the current study, a fluorescent nanoprobe was designed for vancomycin determination in exhaled breath condensate samples. The nanoprobe was based on carbon dots (CDs) doped with nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine (NSPCl-doped CDs). Vancomycin significantly reduced the fluorescence of NSPCl-doped CDs and presented a quenching process in the analytical response of the probe within a concentration range of 0.01-2.0 μg mL -1 due to forming a non-fluorescent complex. The nanoprobe's intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.4 % and 3.2 %, respectively. This nanoprobe was successfully used to determine vancomycin in the patients receiving this drug collected from the expiratory circuit of the mechanical ventilator., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Elaheh Rhimpour reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/501100002958Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Currently, the growth and development of cancer are rising in the world, and as a result, the use of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin has also increased. Considering that the therapeutic index of anticancer drugs is low, it is essential to design and develop an accurate and correct method to analyze and determine the concentration of anticancer drugs in the biological samples. In this study, graphene quantum dots/hydrogel nanocomposite was used to determine cisplatin concentration in urine samples. A three-dimensional network of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel was composited with graphene quantum dots and used as a probe for the determination of cisplatin. The morphology and characterization of the probe were studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This platform showed a linear calibration curve in the range from 4.3 to 25.0 ng mL -1 with a detection limit of 1.2 ng mL -1 . The relative intra- and inter-day standard deviations of the probe for the determination of cisplatin were 1.8% and 3.6% ( n = 5), respectively. The validated method was used for determination of cisplatin in urine samples of patients receiving this medication with acceptable results and good recoveries., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: Gender dysphoria, characterized by a misalignment between one's gender identity and assigned sex, propels individuals towards medical interventions like gender reassignment surgery (GRS) to harmonize their bodies with their gender. This process aims to enhance overall quality of life (QoL), functioning, and body image. Recognizing the importance of cultivating a positive body image for transgender individuals navigating societal norms, this narrative highlights the ongoing debate surrounding QoL post-GRS. In response, our study is outlined, aiming to scrutinize QoL and self-image among transgender men post-GRS, offering valuable insights into societal perceptions and psychological well-being in this context., Method: This cross-sectional survey focused on transgender men aged 15 to 35 who underwent gender reassignment surgery (GRS) in 2018-2022 in Shiraz, Iran. Participants, after passing psychiatric evaluations, completed World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100) questionnaires pre- and at least one-year post-surgery. The scores of the Brief-WHOQOL questionnaire were evaluated in four domains of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental health., Results: A total of 60 individual who underwent GRS completed our questionnaire. The average age of the patients was 24.1 ± 3.8 years. Following GRS, the most increase was observed in the psychological factor (by 25.6%). The increase in score was statistically significant in all subgroups (P < 0.001) after operation. Urban living location had a significant association with higher increase in physical health (P < 0.010), psychological health (P = 0.005), and environmental health (P = 0.012) after GRS. In regards to physical health, the low socioeconomic group had a significantly less physical score improvement in QoL compared to the moderate group (P = 0.024) following GRS. In regards to environmental health, the high socioeconomic groups had significantly higher improvement in QoL compared to the low (P = 0.006) and moderate (P < 0.001) group after operation., Conclusion: The results demonstrate that GRS brings about improvements across all aspects of QoL. However, this enhancement is less pronounced among patients hailing from low socioeconomic backgrounds and rural areas., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study aimed to measure both the solubility and thermodynamics of salicylic acid in binary solvent mixtures of (2-propanol + ethylene glycol) and (2-propanol + propylene glycol) at different temperatures in the range of 293.2-313.2 K. The experimental solubility data were analyzed using various linear and nonlinear cosolvency models, such as the van'tt Hoff, Jouyban-Acree, Jouyban-Acree-van'tt Hoff, mixture response surface and modified Wilson models and to evaluate the models, the mean relative deviations of the back-calculated solubility data were compared with experimental values. Through this analysis, the apparent thermodynamic parameters, including Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated using the van'tt Hoff and Gibbs equations for this system. Additionally, the density values for salicylic acid saturated mixtures were also measured and represent mathematically using the Jouyban-Acree model., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In the current work, a rapid, simple, low-cost, and sensitive smartphone-based colorimetric sensor array coupled with pattern-recognition methods was proposed for the determination and differentiation of some organic and inorganic bases (i.e., OH - , CO 3 2- , PO 4 3- , NH 3 , ClO - , diethanolamine, triethanolamine) as model compounds. The sensing system has been designed based on color-sensitive dyes (Fuchsine, Giemsa, Thionine, and CoCl 2 ) which were used as sensor elements. The color changes of a sensor array were observed by the naked eye. The color patterns were recorded using digital imaging in a three-dimensional (red, green, and blue) space and quantitatively analyzed with color calibration techniques. Distinctive colorimetric patterns for target bases via linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were observed. The results indicated that the analytes related to each class (at the different concentration levels in the range of 0.001-1.0 mol L -1 ) were clustered together in the canonical discriminant plot and HCA dendrogram with high sensitivity and an overall precision of 85%. Furthermore, the first function factor of LDA correlated with the concentration of each target analyte in a correlation coefficient (R 2 ) range of 0.864-0.996. These described procedures based on the colorimetric sensor array technique could be a promising candidate for practical applications in package technology and facile detection of pollutants., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Prenatal vitamin D (PVD) is a vital micronutrient for dental caries (DCs). The association between prenatal vitamin D deficiencies (PVDD) and DCs in children has been conflicting in different reports. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between PVDD and DCs in children for the first time. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Embase, and Scholar databases to find relevant studies based on mesh terms from 2000 to October 2023. This study was conducted based on the 2020 version of the PRISMA checklist. Cochran's Q and I2 tests were used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies. Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. The effect size of the association between PVDD and DCs was reported by the odds ratio (OR) at the 95% confidence interval (95% CI).Twelve studies, including 11,021 participants, were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of PVDD was estimated at 4353 (32%). The prevalence of DCs in children of mothers with and without PVDD was 44% and 25%, respectively. PVDD was significantly associated with an increased risk of DCs in children (OR: 1.35, 95% CI (1.22, 1.47), I2 = 86.6%). The association of DCs with PVDD was different based on gestational age groups, children's age groups, and vitamin D levels. This meta-analysis showed PVDD can be associated with an increased risk of DCs in children, especially in mothers with prenatal vitamin D levels ≤ 35 nmol/L. Adequate vitamin D levels throughout pregnancy can help prevent DCs in children., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Carcinoembryonic antigens (CEAs) are prominent cancer biomarkers that enable the early detection of numerous cancers. For effective CEA screening, rapid, portable, efficient, and sensitive diagnosis approaches should be devised. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials that have received major attention for application in high-efficiency signal probes owing to their advantages such as large specific surface area, superior chemical stability and tunability, high porosity, easy surface functional modification, and adjustable size and morphology. Immunoassay strategies using antigen-antibody specific interaction are one of the imperative means for rapid and accurate measurement of target molecules in biochemical fields. The emerging MOFs and their nanocomposites are synthesized with excellent features, providing promising potential for immunoassays. This article outlines the recent breakthroughs in the synthesis approaches of MOFs and overall functionalization mechanisms of MOFs with antigen/antibody and their uses in the CEA immunoassays, which operate according to electrochemical, electrochemiluminescent and colorimetric techniques. The prospects and limitations of the preparation and immunoassay applications of MOF-derived hybrid nanocomposites are also discussed at the end., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: This study presents the first report on research impact assessment (RIA) in non-high-income countries, undertaken as a pilot initiative in 2021. Within it, we aimed to explore the feasibility of employing the 'payback' model for evaluating the impact of health research and enhancing the accountability of universities. We focussed on three key impact domains: 'production of decision support documents and knowledge-based products,' 'implementation of research results,' and 'health and economic impact.', Methods: We adopted a case study approach to assess the impact of 5334 health research projects conducted by researchers from 18 universities from 2018 to 2020. Researchers were required to submit evidence related to at least one of the specified impact domains; six scientific committees verified and scored claimed impacts at the national level., Results: Only 25% of the assessed projects achieved impact in at least one domain, with the production of decision support documents and knowledge products being the most reported impact. Notably, economic impact was verified in only three projects, indicating room for improvement in this area. Technology research exhibited the highest acceptance rate of claimed impact, suggesting a positive correlation between technology-focused projects and impactful outcomes., Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of employing a case study approach and the 'payback' model to evaluate the impact of health research, even within the constraints of a moderately equipped research infrastructure. These findings underscore the potential of integrating RIA into the governance of health research in Iran and other non-high-income countries, as well as the importance of using RIA to assess the accountability of health research systems, guide the allocation of research funding, and advocate for the advancement of health research. The study sets a precedent for future assessments in similar contexts and contributes to the ongoing global dialogue on the societal impact of health research., Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2024 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)

This work focuses on physicochemical features of the choline chloride/propylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (DES) + water mixtures by determining their density values in mono- and mixed- states over various temperatures in the range of 293.15-318.15 K. The density data obtained from measurements were utilized for the computation of various quantities such as excess molar volumes, molar volume, apparent molar volume, limiting apparent molar expansibility, and isobaric thermal expansion coefficient. Furthermore, the experimental densities were fitted to some mathematical equations such as Jouyban-Acree, Jouyban-Acreevan't Hoff, modified Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff, Redlich-Kister and Emmerling. Studies of this nature can provide useful insights into solute-solvent interactions in aqueous solutions of DES, especially about to their novel application in drug solubilization., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aim: This study aimed to develop a colorimetric approach for quantifying ethanol using smartphone image analysis. Method: This research presents a straightforward smartphone-based colorimetric sensor that efficiently measures ethanol levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. The process involved changing the acidic dichromate color in an ethanolic solution, followed by image analysis. Results: The results showed that this method was able to estimate ethanol concentrations in the range of 300-1500 and 1600-8000 μg ml -1 in EBC. Conclusion: This study was a follow-up study on the previous work published for the determination of ethanol in EBC samples and highlights the potential benefits of using digital images and smartphone applications for ethanol determination in biological samples.