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A worldwide taxonomic revision and the relevant lectotypifications of Zoegea L. (Asteraceae) are presented. The recognized taxa, the relevant synonyms, type details, images of the type specimen, examined specimen lists, and a taxonomic key are provided for this genus. The geographic distribution of all recognized taxa is presented and tabulated. Zoegea leptaurea L. subsp. leptaurea for the floras of Iran and Saudi Arabia and also Z. purpurea Fresen. for the flora of Iraq are reported as new here.

Centaurea zaferii Negaresh, nom. nov. �� Centaurea foliosa Boiss. & Kotschy in Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 672. 1875 [non C. foliosa Gand.]. Typus: TURKEY. Prov. Hatay: ��� in valle Amani occidentalis supra Arsus [Arsuz] prope pagum Ursusa ���, c. 150 m, 4.VII.1862, Kotschy 113 (holo-: G-BOIS [G00150226] images seen; iso-: C [C10007081] image seen, JE [JE00015828] image seen, K [K000794179] image seen, P [P00730189, P00730190] images seen, S [S10-6178] image seen, W0075111, W0075112, W0075110 images seen) (Fig. 1). Biennial herb, 100-150 cm tall. Stem erect, branched in the upper third, greenish, c. 6 mm in diam. at base, cylindrical, with thick yellowish striations, �� densely leafy throughout, subglabrous or with sparsely arachnoid trichomes. Leaves coriaceous (papyraceous when dry), sparsely covered with arachnoid trichomes, denser along midrib and veins. Basal and lower cauline leaves very large 60-77 �� 10-15 cm, petiolate, hastate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, with 1-2 pairs of �� falcate or triangular lobes (4-8 cm long) in lower part, denticulate, truncate at base, obtuse or acute at apex, with prominent and elevated veins on both sides. Median cauline leaves sessile, simple, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 10-15 �� 3-5 cm, entire, acuminate at apex, decurrent. Upper cauline leaves gradually smaller towards apex, sessile, simple, lanceolate, 4-9 �� 1.5-2.2 cm, usually longer than capitula, decurrent, entire, acuminate at apex. Capitula several, (8-)10-25-cephalous, arranged in a subraceme or racemose-dichasium, 2-3 grouped subsessilly at apex of stem and of several short axillary branches. Involucres oblong-ovoid, 23-25 �� 13-25 mm. Phyllaries multiseriate, greenish-yellow, imbricate, coriaceous. Appendages large, totally concealing the phyllaries, chartaceous, not decurrent, straw-coloured, lanceolate, 2-3 mm wide at base (excluding cilia); cilia numerous, erect, (8-)12-14 on each side, 1.5-3 mm long; apical spine short, 3-5 mm long, slightly longer than the adjacent cilia. Flowers yellow; central florets hermaphroditic, 28-30 mm long, corolla 12-13 mm long, 5-lobed, lobes 6-7 mm long, anther tube yellowish, apical appendage broadly rounded, style slightly shorter than corolla in length, stigma bifid, ca. 0.5 mm long; peripheral florets sterile, nearly equal in length than the central ones, numerous (15-20 in each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, slightly radiant, 4-lobed, limb lobes linear. Achenes lanceolate-oblong, c. 4.5-5 �� 2-2.5 mm, striate and shiny, brown to dark brown or silverbrown, rounded at apex, glabrous; insertion areole lateral, yellowish or light-brown, c. 0.5 mm long. Pappus double, persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, brown or dark brown, sometimes dark purple, 5-7 mm long, the bristles of the inner side rows shorter than those of the outer side, c. 1.5 mm long. Etymology. ��� The specific epithet honors Dr. Zafer Kaya a specialist of the genus Centaurea s.l. in Turkey. Phenology. ��� Flowering from July to August; fruit ripening from July to September. Distribution and habitat. ��� Centaurea zaferii is a very rare endemic to Hatay Province in southern Turkey. It is an IranoTuranian element (NEGARESH & RAHIMINEJAD, 2016), and grows on rocky slopes, limestone cliffs, gravel slopes, or in forest dominated by Cupressus sempervirens L. This species also grows on forest slopes or scattered between Rosa L. shrubs, and in the low-montane zone at elevation of c. 150 m. Centaurea zaferii is distributed in lower elevation in comparison to the other species of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides. Notes. ��� BOISSIER (1875) described C. foliosa (�� C. zaferii) based on an immature specimens and was not able to study the characters of flowers and achenes. New collections from 1994 and 2014 allow to better understand the morphology of this species. Centaurea zaferii resembles C. charrelii Hal��csy & D��rfl. by its yellow flowers and the chartaceous, lanceolate appendages of the capitulum (totally concealing the phyllaries). However, C. zaferii differs from C. charrelii by its taller habit (100-150 cm vs 50-70 cm), basal and lower cauline leaves with 1-2 pairs of �� falcate or triangular lobes (4-8 cm long), denticulate (vs undivided, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, margin smooth), capitula in groups of 2-3 arranged subsessilly at apex of stem and of several short axillary branches (vs a crorymb of 5 to 10 (-15) capitula), involucres 23-25 �� 13-25 mm (vs 25-32 �� 25-32 mm), appendages 2-3 mm (vs 3-5 mm) wide at base (excluding cilia), peripheral florets equal than the central ones, 4-lobed (vs slightly shorter than the central ones, 5-lobed), achenes c. 4.5-5 mm (vs 5-6 mm) long, and pappus brown or dark brown (vs whitish). Centaurea zaferii is endemic to low elevation (c. 150 m) in Hatay Province in southern Turkey whereas C. charrelii grows at higher elevation (c. 500 m) in eastern Greece (Edhessa, Domokos and Macedonia) (CONSTANTINIDIS et al., 2002). Specimens examined. ��� TURKEY. Hatay: ���H��y��k K��y, s��d��stlich Arsuz (Ulucinar), am Bachufer���, c. 150 m, 11.VIII.1994, Hellwig & Kaya s.n. (GOET); ��� Antakya, Kisecik��stleri,��� 14.VII.2014, Bona 102867 (ISTE)., Published as part of Oreizi, Elaheh, Negaresh, Kazem & Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza, 2017, A new name in Centaurea (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Turkey, pp. 319-322 in Candollea 72 (2) on pages 320-322, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a7, http://zenodo.org/record/5722018, {"references":["BOISSIER, E. (1875). Fl. Orient. vol. 3.","CONSTANTINIDIS, T., E. P. BAREKA & G. KAMARI (2002). Karyotaxonomy of Greek serpentine angiosperms. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 139: 109 - 124."]}

Astragalus makuensis Maassoumi, Bagheri & Rahimin. sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Type:— IRAN. W. Azarbayejan province: Maku, ca. 10 km on the road from Chaldoran to Khoy, 38° 59´21.01”N, 44° 25´24.88”E, 2150 m, 03 July 2012, Maassoumi and Bagheri 98385 (holotype TARI, isotypes Herbarium of the University of Isfahan, MSB). Paratypes:— IRAN. W. Azarbayejan province: Maku, ca. 10 km on the road from Chaldoran to Khoy, 38° 59´21.01”N, 44° 25´24.88”E, 2150 m, 03 July 2012, Maassoumi and Bagheri 98380, 98384, TARI, Herbarium of the University of Isfahan). Diagnosis: —Differt ab Astragalus hymenocystis Fisch. & C. A. Mey. stipulis 13–20 mm (nec ad 8–13 mm) longis, foliis 2–8 cm (nec 1.5–3 cm) longis, foliolis 4–7 (nec 3–5) jugis, 4–10 × 1–3.5 (nec 3–7 × 2–4) mm, pedunculis 3–12 (nec 2.5–6) cm longis, racemeis ovoideo vel cylindraceis, 3.5–6.5 cm longis (nec globosis to ovoidis, 2.5–3.5 cm longis), petala pallida flava (nec roso–violacea). Ab Astragalus pereshkhoranicus Maassoumi & F.Ghahrem. stipulis 13–20 mm (nec ad 10–13 mm) longis, foliis 2–8 cm (nec 2–3.5 cm) longis, foliolis 4–7 (nec 5–6) jugis, 4–10 × 1–3.5 (nec 5–8 × 1.5–2.5) mm, pedunculis 3–12 (nec 1.5–7) cm longis, racemeis ovoideo vel cylindraceis, 3.5–6.5 cm longis (nec globosis to ovoidis, 2.5–4.5 cm longis), calycis simplicibus dense pilis patentibus vel ascendentibus 4.5 mm longis (nec duplis pilis ascendentibus 1.5–3 mm longis et pilis brevioribus 0.5 mm longis) obtectis, dentibus 5–8 mm (nec 7–12 mm) longis, petala pallida flava (nec violacea), vexillo 16–20 (nec 18–25) mm longo. Description: —Subshrub, caespitose, ca. 20 cm tall and ca. 50 cm in diameter. Stems in the older parts ligneous, up to 3 cm long, branching from the base and covered with blackish bark and the remnants of the old petioles and stipules; younger stems in the current year ca. 1 cm long. Stipules membranous, hyaline at the apex, 13–20 mm long, narrowly triangular-acuminate, with many fine parallel nerves, adnate to the petiole for 8–10 mm, very shortly connate, ciliate at the margins, otherwise glabrous. Leaves including petiole 2–8 cm; petiole up to 3 cm, both petiole and rachis densely covered with predominantly erect white hairs 1.2 mm long, with few spreading to subappressed hairs 0.3–0.7 mm long. Leaflets opposite, in 4–7 pairs, the indumentum shining silvery and leaflet surface greenish; elliptic, 4–10 × 1–3.5 mm, acuminate, pungent, with a cusp 0.3–1 mm, on both sides densely to very densely covered with subappressed to spreading white hairs 0.4–1 mm and with few long erect hairs up to 2 mm, partly complicate, terminal leaflets modified to a spine. Inflorescence a terminal raceme; peduncle 3–12 cm, brownish, densely covered with erect, tangled white hairs up to 3 mm and with very short spreading hairs 0.2–0.5 mm. Racemes ovoid to cylindrical, 3.5–6.5 cm long, ca. 2–2.5 cm wide, densely many-flowered, the flowers very shortly pedicellate. Bracts partly caducous, elliptic, membranous, hyaline at the margins, acuminate, 11–15 × 4–6 mm, hairy at the base, very rarely in the central part sparsely hairy, ciliate at the margins. Calyx slightly inflated, 13–18 mm long, whitish-yellow, densely covered with erect to spreading hairs up to 4.5 mm; teeth subulate, 5–8 mm, glabrous on inner surface. Petals pale yellowish, glabrous. Standard 16–20 mm long; blade 5–8 mm wide, retuse or rarely emarginate at the apex, obtusely hastateauriculate at base, below the middle slightly constricted, gradually narrowed into the rather wide claw. Wing ca. 18 mm long; blade narrowly oblong to elliptic, obtuse, 5–7 × 1.5–3 mm; auricle ca. 0.2 mm; claw ca. 10 mm. Keel ca. 14 mm long; blade obliquely obovate, subacute, 4–6 × 2–3 mm; auricle indistinct; claw ca. 9 mm. The claws of the wings and the keel are adnate to the staminal tube for 0.5–1 mm. Ovary ca. 13 mm, sessile, hairy, stigma capitate. Stamens ca. 15 mm, diadelphous, 9 + 1, the connate stamens free in the upper 3-4 mm. Fruit unknown. Etymology: —The specific epithet “ makuensis ” refers to the city of Maku, in the vicinity of the type locality, on the border of Iran-Turkey in W. Azarbayejan province, Iran. Distribution and Ecology: — Astragalus makuensis is known only from the type locality, in W. Azarbayejan province (Fig. 2). The new species grows on gravelly and rocky mountain slopes between 2150–2200 m elevation, in steppe vegetation of the Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region. It is part of the cushion forming vegetation type. Phenology: —Flowering June and early July; fruiting July or later Taxonomic notes: — Astragalus makuensis clearly differs from its most closely related species, A. hymenocystis Fisch. & C. A. Mey. (1853: 449) and A. pereshkhoranicus Maassoumi & F.Ghahrem. (1999: 38). The diagnostic characters distinguishing A. makuensis from its closely related taxa are summarized in Table 2., Published as part of Bagheri, Ali, Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza & Maassoumi, Ali Asghar, 2014, A new species of the genus Astragalus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) from Iran, pp. 38-42 in Phytotaxa 178 (1) on pages 39-41, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.178.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5145050

Centaurea stevenii Marschall von Bieberstein (1808: 356). Phaeopappus stevenii (M.Bieb.) Koch (1851: 437). Type:— GEORGIA. Steven s.n. (holotype LE). Perennial plants with long and thick root, vertical or oblique. Stems usually decumbent (or prostrate), at end ascending, 10–40 cm tall, with few short branches, sometimes simple, grayish-green or more or less grayish, loosely covered with arachnoid hairs often mixed with articulate hairs, somewhat stiff or short hairs. Leaves petiolate (or the upper ones subsessile) with narrow base, lyrate to pinnatilobate, with 2–4 pairs of lateral segments or undivided, acute or subacute at apex, often subobtuse; terminal segments very larger, entire, lanceolate or oblanceolate; lateral segments small, oblong-elliptical or ovate-rhombic; loosely covered with arachnoid hairs often mixed with articulate hairs, and covered with sessile punctate glands. Capitula solitary, at tips of stems and lateral branches. Involucres ovoid, 15–20 × 10–15 mm, ± densely covered with arachnoid hairs. Phyllaries coriaceous, imbricate dark green or green-yellowish. Outer and median phyllaries broadly ovate; inner phyllaries oblong-lanceolate.Appendages small, coriaceous, brown or pale reddish-brown, usually reflexed, triangular, with (3–)5–7(–9) digitate spinules 2–3 mm long, almost equal, innermost membranous, unevenly toothed. Flowers yellow; central florets hermaphrodite, ca. 20 mm long, corolla with orange nerves; peripheral florets finely dissected, not radiant, 4-lobed, limb lobes linear-filiform. Achenes ovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–5.0 mm long, 2.0– 2.5 mm wide, gray-brown, striate, sparsely hairy; hilum lateral, yellowish, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Pappus whitish, 1–2.5(–4) mm long, inner pappus hairs shorter. Flowering June to July. Taxonomic and distribution remarks: — Centaurea stevenii makes a new record from Iran (Fig. 11). It is occurs in the clay mountains around Bazargan of West Azerbaijan Province, at elevations of 1400–1700 m (Fig. 3). The main distribution area of C. stevenii lies in E Turkey (?), Armenia and Georgia (Fig. 3). The species is relatively far from the main distribution area of other species of C. sect. Pseudoseridia. Chromosome numbers: — Centaurea stevenii is a diploid species with the chromosome number of 2 n = 2 x = 16 (Fig. 11E, Table 1). Our results agree with the report by Poddubnaja-Arnoldi (1931) who reported the same chromosome number 2 n = 2 x = 16 for C. stevenii. Selected specimens examined: — IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: mountains around Bazargan, 1415 m, 22 May 2011, Ranjbar & Negaresh 25787 (BASU!); Bazargan, 1860 m, 24 June 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 32152 (BASU!); Maqoo, Ghara Ziaheddin toward Siah Cheshme, 40 km to Siah Cheshme, 1570 m, 10 July 2003, Rahiminejad & Dehghan 15247 (HUI!). GEORGIA. Prov. Tiflis, Dushet, Grossheim s.n. (B!). ARMENIA. Ani, inter stationes viae ferreae Ani et Bagravan, in declivibus stepposis lapidosis, 1500 m, 5 July 1960, Czerepanov & Tzvelev s.n. (B!)., Published as part of Negaresh, Kazem, Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza & Ranjbar, Massoud, 2014, A taxonomic study on Centaurea sect. Rhizocalathium and C. sect. Pseudoseridia (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae) in Iran, pp. 43-60 in Phytotaxa 174 (1) on pages 56-59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.174.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5149938, {"references":["Marschall von Bieberstein, F. A. (1808) Flora taurico-caucasica exhibens stirpes phaenogamas, in Chersoneso Taurica et regionibus caucasicis sponte crescentes, vol. 2. Typis academicis, Charkouiae [Kharkov], 478 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10825","Koch, K. H. E. (1851) Beitrage zu einer flora des Orientes. Linnaea 24: 305 - 480.","Poddubnaja-Arnoldi, W. (1931) Ein Versuch der Anwendung der embryologischen Methode bei der Losung einiger systematischer Fragen. I. Vergleichend embryologisch-zytologische Untersuchungen uber die Gruppe Cynareae, Fam. Compositae. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 48: 141 - 237."]}

Nasernakhaei, Fatemeh, Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza, Saeidi, Hojjatollah, Tavassoli, Manoochehr (2013): Taxonomic identity of the Iranian diploid Triticum as evidenced by nrDNA ITS analysis. Phytotaxa 143 (1): 43-53, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.143.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.143.1.2