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Canarium fugax Daly, Raharim. & Federman, nom. nov. �� Canarium laxiflorum Daly, Raharim. & Federman in Adansonia ser. 3, 37: 316. 2015 [nom. illeg.] [non C. laxiflorum Decne.]. Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: S du Campement de Tampolo, 17��17���S 49��25���E, 21.X.2001, Rabevohitra, Breteler & Aridy 3985 (holo-: P [P00501630]!; iso-: TEF!). Etymology. ��� The new epithet refers to the species��� fugacious stipules and inconspicuous (���shy���) inflorescence bracts. Observations. ��� Canarium laxiflorum was published by Decaisne in 1834 based on material collected in Timor, but he did not cite specific specimens in his work. There are two specimens from Timor in P [P00337578, P00337579] cited as Riedl�� & Guichenot s.n. by Leenhouts (1959: 391) and designated by him as the neotype and an isoneotype respectively of Amyris oleosa Lam. (= Canarium oleosum (Lam.) Engl.). There is a duplicate specimen in G [G00236833] also annotated as an isoneotype of C. oleosum, but on the same specimen there is also an unattributed annotation as an isotype of C. laxiflorum. An on-line search of the BR herbarium did not turn up any of the names involved. Authorship of C. laxiflorum has alternatively been attributed to ���Zipp. ex Blume��� published in Blume (1850) in various online databases, e.g.: IPNI (http://www.ipni.org), TROPICOS (http://www.tropicos.org) and SONNERAT (http://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/ search/form). In that publication, however, Blume was not publishing C. laxiflorum but rather transferring it to Pimela Lour. Moreover, he made it clear that he was referring to material annotated in the herbarium of Alexander Zippelius (1797-1828) and not the Canarium laxiflorum of Decaisne. In summary, although the location of the type of C. laxiflorum Decne. is in doubt, the name is taken and C. laxiflorum Daly, Raharim. & Federman must be treated as a later homonym., Published as part of Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2016, New names for two Malagasy species of Canarium L. (Burseraceae), pp. 159-160 in Candollea 71 (1) on page 160, DOI: 10.15553/c2016v711a19, http://zenodo.org/record/5721453

Canarium lobocarpum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, nom. nov. Ξ Canarium angulatum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, Adansonia ser. 3, 37: 290. 2015 [nom. illeg.] [non C. angulatum Ridl.]. Typus: Madagascar: sine loc., s.d., Cours 4933 (holo-: P [P05311852 sheet 1, P05311856 sheet 2]!). Etymology. – The new epithet refers to the slightly lobed appearance of the dry fruits in dorsiventral view. Observations. – Canarium angulatum Ridl. described by Ridley in 1931 was treated as a taxonomic synonym of Dacryodes incurvata (Engl.) H. J. Lam by Leenhouts (1959).

Canarium angulatum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov. (Figs 3; 4) Leaves c. 3-jugate, rachis with only sparse to scattered hairs, stipules 4-5 mm long, secondary vein spacing decreasing toward apex; distinguished from C. arcuatum, sp. nov. by the stipules 2-3 mm from petiole insertion (vs usually farther, 3-10+ mm in C. arcuatum, sp. nov.), leaflets chartaceous (vs coriaceous), secondary veins in 13-15 (vs 4-7) pairs and spreading (vs arcuate), the fruit smaller (2.5-3.4 × 1.8-2 cm vs 3.6-4.5 × 2.2-2.8 cm), and lenticels on the fruit surface sparse, large and raised (vs dense, relatively small, not raised). TYPUS. — Madagascar. Sine loc., s.d., M. G. Cours 4933 (holo-, P[P 05311852, P 05311856]!). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — The label for the only known collection of Canarium angulatum, sp. nov. lacks locality or date of collection, but Cours collected primarily in the subhumid forests of the central high plateau. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the angular fruit. DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive size unknown. Leaves 23-38 cm long, 3-4-jugate; petiole 5-8 cm long, petiole and rachis with sparse, short, erect, thick white hairs to 0.05 mm long and scattered capitate glands, occasionally with some flexuous hairs to 0.15 mm long; stipules 2-3 mm from petiole insertion, 4-5 mm long, obovate-ligulate, surface with dense to sparse, short, ascending to appressed white hairs to 0.15 mm long; basal petiolules 3-10 mm long, other laterals 7-18 mm long, terminal one 25-44 mm long; basal leaflets 4.6-7 × 2.1-3.7 cm, ovate, other lateral leaflets 8-15 × 3-4.4 cm, oblong-elliptic, the terminal one 9-13.4 × 3.6-5 cm, elliptic; leaflet apex abruptly and narrowly long-acuminate, the acumen 6-12 mm long; base of basal leaflets truncate, that of other laterals obtuse to truncate, sometimes medially asymmetrical; leaflets chartaceous, margin flat; secondary vein framework brochidodromous but looping near margin, secondary veins in 9-13 pairs, spreading, spacing and sometimes angle irregular, 1-2 perpendicular epimedial tertiaries present per pair of secondaries, tertiary venation irregular-reticulate or less often alternate-percurrent, quaternary venation irregular-reticulate with some admedial branching; on abaxial side all veins narrowly prominent, abaxial surface glabrous except for scattered golden appressed hairs to 0.05 mm long on midvein and secondaries, on adaxial side the midvein almost flat and sunk in a groove, rest of veins narrowly prominulous, the surface glabrous. Infructescence 9-15 cm long × c. 2.5 mm diam, secondary axes to 1.4 cm long, axes with dense, thick, erect to flexuous hairs to 0.15 (0.2) mm, also with sparse capitate glands; fruiting pedicel 3.5-7 × 3-3.2 mm, slightly clavate, fruiting calyx 3-4 mm long, very shallowly cupular, patent, the lobes distinct, c. 4 mm long, pubescence as on inflorescence axes, with large, raised lenticels. Fruit 2.5-3.4 × 1.8-2 cm, slightly obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, trigonous, apex and base obtuse, surface with sparse, large, raised, ferrugineous lenticels, also with dense to sparse straight whitish hairs to 0.15 mm long, ascending toward apex and descending near base. NOTES Like C. arcuatum, sp. nov., C. angulatum, sp. nov. has 1-4-jugate leaves, stipules 3-10 mm long, the petiole and rachis with only sparse to scattered hairs, a long terminal petiolule, secondary vein spacing decreasing toward apex and (abruptly) toward base, the leaflets at least sometimes glossy abaxially, the inflorescences 7-16 cm long, and the fruiting pedicel 3.5-7 mm long, but C. angulatum, sp. nov. can be distinguished by the stipules 2-3 mm from petiole insertion (vs usually farther, 3-10+ mm in C. arcuatum, sp. nov.), the lateral leaflet base obtuse to truncate and sometimes medially asymmetrical (vs acute to rounded-obtuse and symmetrical), leaflets chartaceous (vs coriaceous), secondary veins in 13-15 (vs 4-7) pairs and spreading (vs arcuate), the fruiting calyx lobes longer (c. 3-4 vs 2-2.5 mm long), the fruit smaller (2.5-3.4 × 1.8-2 cm vs 3.6-4.5 × 2.2-2.8 cm), and lenticels on the fruit surface sparse, large and raised (vs dense, relatively small, not raised)., Published as part of Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, pp. 277-345 in Adansonia 37 (2) on page 290, DOI: 10.5252/a2015n2a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5208903

Canarium subtilis Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov. (Figs 1; 30) Small to medium-sized tree, leaves c. 2-jugate, stipules c. 3 mm long, leaflets glabrous, the apex gradually and broadly acuminate and the base symmetric, secondary veins in 6-10 pairs, the spacing decreasing toward apex and base; distinguished from C. pallidum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. by the petiole 1.8-2 (vs 2.5-3.5) mm long, stipules subulate (vs ovate in C. pallidum, sp. nov.), leaflets drying dark brown above (vs whitish-green), terminal leaflet smaller than the laterals, on leaflet adaxial surface the secondary and higher-order veins impressed (vs narrowly prominent), and inflorescence axes with sparse ascending golden hairs to 0.35 mm long and not lenticellate (vs subglabrous and with elongate lenticels). TYPUS. — Madagascar. Toamasina, Maroantsetra, Ambinanitelo, Marovovonana, Ambodivato, 420 m, 15°18’13”S, 49°33’13”E, 21.XI.2002, P. Antilahimena, G.E. Schatz & Niovoson 1450 (holo-, NY!; iso-, MO, P[P05280197]!, TAN). PARATYPI. — Toamasina, Analanjirofo, Maroantsetra, Antsirabesahatany, Anjiahely, Vohitaly Forest, 600 m, 15°26’22”S, 49°32’03”E, 29.XII.2002, P. Antilahimena 1650 (NY). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium subtilis, sp. nov. appears to be restricted to a small area near Maroantsetra. It is a modestsized tree known to date from disturbed moist forest at 420-600 m elevation. Fruiting Nov.-Dec. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the understated morphology of this taxon. DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive size 14-20 m × 14-40 cm diam. Leaves 16- 28 cm long, 2-jugate; petiole 1.8-2 cm long, petiole and rachis glabrous or with scattered thick appressed hairs to 0.05 mm long, also scattered elongate raised lenticels; stipules 6-10 mm from petiole insertion, c. 3 mm long, subulate, fleshy, surfaces with scattered fine appressed pale golden hairs to 0.1 mm long, scar 1.5 mm long; all lateral petiolules 6-8 mm long, terminal one 18-22 mm long, petiolules canaliculate, lateral pulvinuli conspicuous; basal leaflets 2.5-4.5 × 1.5-2.2 cm, elliptic to ovate, other laterals 4-9 × 1.7-3.2 cm, elliptic, terminal one 4.5-8.1 × 1.9-3.5 cm, oblanceolate to elliptic; leaflet apex gradually (sometimes abruptly) and broadly short-acuminate, the acumen 2-5 mm long; leaflet base symmetrical, cuneate to acute; margin flat, leaflets chartaceous, drying dark brown, glossy (at least abaxially); secondary vein framework festooned-brochidodromous, secondaries in 6-10 pairs, discolorous, nearly straight, spacing decreasing toward apex and base, angle nearly perpendicular and increasing slightly toward apex, perpendicular epimedial tertiaries (and a few intersecondaries) present; intercostal tertiaries irregularreticulate, quaternaries regular-polygonal; on abaxial side all veins narrowly prominent, surface glabrous or with scattered capitate glands; on adaxial side the midvein narrowly prominulous but sunk in a groove, rest of veins impressed, surface glabrous. Flowers unknown. Infructescences 6-9 cm long, with few fruits, axes with sparse ascending golden hairs to 0.35 mm long; fruiting pedicel 4-5 × 2-3 mm, cylindrical or slightly clavate; fruiting calyx 5-6 mm long, not cupular, the lobes 2-3 mm long. Fruits 2-2.8 × 1.9-2.4 cm, broadly ovoid to subglobose, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes the tip apiculate, the base truncate, the surface glabrous or with scattered capitate glands, maturing fruits with scattered light-colored pustules. NOTES Canarium subtilis, sp. nov. is distinguished from C. manongarivum, sp. nov. in the discussion under the latter species and from C. pallidum, sp. nov. in the discussion under that species., Published as part of Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, pp. 277-345 in Adansonia 37 (2) on page 342, DOI: 10.5252/a2015n2a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5208903

Canarium obovatum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov. (Figs 1; 23 F-G) Small trees, stipules 5-8 mm long, ovate, stipular scars 1-1.6 mm long, leaflets coriaceous, pistillate inflorescences 13-19 cm long, the axes with dense to sparse flexuous hairs to 0.5 mm long; distinguished from C. lamianum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. by the leaves 1-2-jugate (vs (2)3-4 jugate in C. lamianum, sp. nov.) on fertile branchlets, petiole usually longer (5.6-19.5 vs 2.5-6.5 cm), lateral petiolules longer (10-27 vs 4-12 mm), terminal petiolules longer (10-27 vs 4-12 mm), leaflets usually (oblong-)obovate (vs at least some leaflets shaped otherwise), the apex narrowly (not broadly) short-acuminate, intercostal tertiary venation mixed opposite-alternate percurrent (vs irregular-reticulate), pistillate calyx 5.6-6 vs 6.8-8 mm long. TYPUS. — Madagascar. [Toamasina,] Est (Nord): Environs Ouest d’Andasibe (à l’Ouest d’Andapa), sur la piste de Bealanana, 24.IV.1967, R. Capuron (Service Forestier) 27803 (holo-, NY!; iso-, P!). PARATYPUS. — Toamasina, Ambodirina, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Betampona, 325-375, 17°55’53”S, 49°12’12”E, 02.II.2006, D.C. Daly, R. Ranaivojaona & R.B. Iambana 13064 (MO, NY, P[P04799624]). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium obovatum, sp. nov. is known from only two localities, south of Andapa and in Betampona National Park, in moist forests on steep slopes at 325-375 m elevation. Flowering Apr. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the predominant leaflet shape. DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive size 10- 15 m. Outer bark gray, sparsely cracked, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves 25-34 cm long, 1-2-jugate (to 4-jugate on sterile branchlets); petiole 5.6-19.5 cm long, petiole and rachis with dense erect (some flexuous) golden hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long also with scattered raised ferrugineous lenticels; stipules 5-10 mm from petiole insertion, 5-8 mm long, ovate, constricted at base and often appearing stipitate, with erect to ascending golden hairs to 0.2 mm long, the scar 1-1.5 mm long; basal petiolules 10-25 mm long, other laterals 10-27 mm long, terminal one 23-50 mm long (to 60 mm on sterile branchlets), petiolules not canaliculate, pulvinuli relatively inconspicuous; basal leaflets 6-9.5 × 4-8 cm, broadly (ob)ovate to subrotund, other laterals 9-13 × 3.8-8.4 cm, (broadly) obovate to oblong-obovate to oblong, terminal leaflet 12-16.5 × 3.9-10.6 cm, (broadly) obovate; leaflet apex abruptly and narrowly short-acuminate, the acumen 2-12 mm long, apex tip acute, glandular-apiculate; leaflet base symmetric, acute or less often obtuse; margin flat; leaflets coriaceous, drying brown sometimes glossy on abaxial side; secondary vein framework brochidodromous but looping at margin, secondaries in 7-12 pairs, spreading to arcuate, not discolorous, spacing abruptly decreasing at base, angle slightly acute to perpendicular and decreasing toward apex and usually toward the base; intercostal tertiaries opposite- or alternate-percurrent, some perpendicular intersecondaries and epimedial tertiaries present, quaternaries irregular-reticulate; on abaxial side all veins narrowly prominent except midvein broader, the midvein with sparse spiky golden hairs to 0.5 mm long, rest of veins and surface with such hairs to 0.2 mm long; on adaxial side the midvein narrowly prominulous but usually sunk in a groove, secondaries narrowly prominulous and sometimes sunk, rest flat to narrowly prominulous, with scattered flexuous golden hairs to 0.3 mm long on midvein and base of secondaries (to 0.5 mm on sterile specimen). Pistillate inflorescences 13-19 cm long, secondary axes to 7 cm long, axes with dense flexuous hairs to 0.5 mm long; bracts on primary and secondary axes to 8 mm long, rotund and slightly acuminate, semi-clasping, persistent in young fruit, bracteoles 4.7-5 mm long, much shorter than buds, ovate, constricted at base, persistent in young fruit, on all bracts the abaxial side with ascending flexuous golden hairs to 0.2 mm long, adaxially with erect to ascending flexuous golden hairs to 0.25 mm long; pedicel 5-10 mm long, clavate. Pistillate flowers c. 9 mm long at anthesis; calyx 5.6-6 mm × 7.1-8.3 mm overall, campanulate, the lobes 2.7-3.1 mm long, rounded depressed-deltate, abaxial surface with pubescence as on inflorescence axes but shorter, to 0.3 mm long, adaxial surface with dense appressed hairs to 0.6 mm long; corolla spreading at anthesis, exposed portion only 3 mm beyond calyx, abaxial surface with dense, flexuous or ascending, pale golden hairs to 0.5 mm long. Immature fruits oblong (some slightly obovoid), with dense golden hairs to 0.6 mm long, descending near base of fruit, ascending near apex. NOTES Like C. pulchrebracteatum, C. obovatum, sp. nov. has stipules 5-8 mm long, terminal leaflets obovate (to elliptic or rarely ovate in C. obovatum, sp. nov.), a comparable number of secondary veins (collectively 5-12) and fine, stiff hairs on the abaxial midvein (to 0.5 mm long in C. obovatum, sp. nov., to 0.25 mm long in C. pulchrebracteatum). Canarium obovatum, sp. nov. is distinguished by the stipular scar shorter (1-1.5 vs (1) 2-3.5 mm), fewer leaflet pairs (1-2 vs (1) 3-4), longer lateral petiolules (10-27 vs 4-17 mm), the basal petiolules longer (10-25 vs 4-11), all leaflets usually obovate (vs at least some leaflets shaped otherwise), and the fruit densely pubescent (vs glabrous). Like C. lamianum, sp. nov., C. obovatum, sp. nov. has small stipules 0.3-0.8 mm long and ovate (to orbicular in C. lamianum, sp. nov.) with constricted base, short stipular scars 1-1.6 mm long, coriaceous leaflets of similar size, inflorescences of comparable length (up to 19 cm), the axes with dense to sparse flexuous hairs (but up to 0.5 mm long in C. obovatum, sp. nov. and to 0.25 mm long in C. lamianum, sp. nov.). Canarium obovatum, sp. nov. is distinguished by having fewer leaflet pairs (1-2 vs (2)3-4), the petiole usually longer (5.6-19.5 vs 2.5-6.5 mm), the lateral petiolules longer (10-27 vs 4-12 mm long), terminal petiolules longer (10-27 vs 4-12 mm), leaflets usually (oblong-)obovate (vs at least some leaflets shaped otherwise), the apex narrowly (not broadly) short-acuminate, the intercostal tertiary venation mixed opposite-alternate percurrent (vs irregular-reticulate), the midvein abaxially with sparse spiky golden hairs to 0.5 mm long (vs scattered appressed hairs and occasionally scattered bristles to 0.05 mm), and pistillate calyx 5.6-6 vs 6.8-8 mm long., Published as part of Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, pp. 277-345 in Adansonia 37 (2) on pages 326-328, DOI: 10.5252/a2015n2a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5208903

Canarium galokense Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov. (Figs 1; 14). Small to medium-sized trees, leaves 3-5-jugate; distinguished from C. betamponae Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. and C. globosum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. by the stipules closer to the petiole base (7-10 vs 11-30 mm in the other two), the much longer stipular scar (2-6 vs 1-2 mm long), the fruit broadly oblong to broadly ovoid (vs globose to ovoid), and the fruit surface lenticellate (vs smooth and usually glossy). TYPUS. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Diana, Ambilobe, Anaborano, Galoko Mountains, 300-400 m, 10.II.2006 (m fl), D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona & R. Ranaivojaona 13100 (holo-, NY!; iso-, MO!, P!, TEF!). PARATYPI. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Diana, Ambilobe, Anaborano, Galoko Mountains, 300-400 m, 13°35’19”S, 48°42’33”E 10. II.2006, D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona & R. Ranaivojaona 13101 (NY, TEF), 700 m, 13°38’31”S, 48°40’25”E, 25.XI.2006, M. Callmander, J. Vasaha & Malaza 600 (G, MO, P, TAN). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — To date, Canarium galokense, sp. nov. is known only from the Sambirano region in the Galoko mountains, in forest on steep slopes with rock outcrops and relatively closed canopy to 25 m, at 300-700 m elevation. Known to flower in Feb. and fruit in Nov. DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive size 10-25 m × 10-26 cm diam. Outer bark (Daly et al. 13100) relatively smooth, with some raised lenticels, very finely & shallowly fissured, inner bark orangish. Leaves 21-41 cm long, 3-5-jugate; petiole 3.7-7.7 cm long, petiole and rachis with scattered to sparse thick erect golden hairs to 0.1 mm long and capitate glands; stipules inserted 3-10 mm from petiole insertion, 4.5-10 mm long, orbicular with constricted base, subcoriaceous, stipular scar 2-4 mm long; basal petiolules 9-15 mm long, other laterals 6-18 mm long, terminal one 16-31 mm long, pulvinuli inconspicuous; leaflet margin flat; leaflets thickly chartaceous, drying grayish brown, sometime slightly glossy; basal leaflets 5-10.3 × 2.3- 5.1 cm, (broadly) ovate, other laterals 8.3-13.8 × 2.8-6 cm, (oblong-)lanceolate to ovate, terminal one 8-14 × 2.8-6 cm, elliptic; leaflet apex gradually and usually narrowly acuminate, the acumen (2) 5-10 mm long, base of laterals symmetrical to slightly oblique, rounded to truncate; secondary vein framework brochidodromous, secondaries in 8-13 pairs, spreading to almost straight, insertion on midvein excurrent, spacing slightly decreasing toward the extremes, initial angle often subperpendicular, decreasing distally, perpendicular epimedial tertiary veins present, intercostal tertiaries alternate-percurrent and random-reticulate with some admedial branching, quaternaries regular-polygonal; on abaxial side all veins narrowly prominent, on adaxial side the midvein narrowly prominulous but sunk in a groove, the rest narrowly prominulous, both surfaces with a few scattered capitate glands along the midvein and rest of surface with scattered glands or glabrous. Staminate inflorescences to 20 cm long with secondary axes to 2.7 cm long, the axes with dense to sparse flexuous darkly ferrugineous hairs to 0.25 mm long and capitate glands; bracts on secondary axes 1.5-3 mm long, subulate. Staminate buds 5.7-6 mm long; calyx 2-2.1 × 4 mm overall, taller than ovariodisk, lobes 0.5-0.7 mm long, rounded depressed-deltate, abaxial surface with dense glands and dense flexuous hairs to 0.1 mm long; petals 5-5.1 × 2.1 mm, exposed part longer than calyx, obovate, abaxial surface with dense, flexuous hairs to 0.2 mm; stamens inserted at base of ovariodisk, 3.9-4 mm long with anthers 1.4-1.6 mm long, narrowly ovate in dorsiventral view, lanceolate in lateral view; ovariodisk 1.6-1.8 × 0.8-1 mm, ovoid, apex obtuse. Pistillate flowers unknown. Infructescences to 12 cm long with secondary axes to 7 cm long, fruiting pedicel 4-5 mm long, cylindrical; fruits 3.5-4 × 2.5-3 cm, broadly oblong or broadly ovoid, apex truncate, base obtuse, the surface with fine, slightly raised lenticels; pyrene trigonous but the apex obtuse. NOTES Canarium galokense, sp. nov. belongs to a group of species including C. betamponae, sp. nov., C, globosum, sp. nov. and C. subsidarium, sp. nov. that all have 3-5-jugate leaves, usually small and oblong leaflets, and similarly sized fruits. They are compared in Table 1 under C. betamponae, sp. nov. Moreover, C. galokense, sp. nov. is distinguished from all three by its much longer stipular scar (2-6 vs 1-2 mm long), inflorescence hairs dark-ferrugineous, the fruit broadly oblong to broadly ovoid (vs globose to ovoid), and the fruit surface lenticellate (vs glabrous and usually glossy). It is further distinguished from C. betamponae, sp. nov. and C. globosum, sp. nov. by the stipules closer to petiole insertion (7-10 vs 11-30 mm in the latter two).

Canarium madagascariense Engl. (Fig. 1) In A.DC. & C.DC., Monographiae Phanerogamarum Prodromi 4: 111, 112 (1883). — Typus: Madagascar, Nossi-Bé [Nosy Be], 1840, J. M. C. Richard 340 (lecto-, P[P00048610]!, annotated by Leenhouts July 1955; isolecto-, P[P00048611, P000048612]!). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Hell-ville, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Lokobe & Nosy Be, 30 m, 13°25’S, 48°18’E, 15.I.1992, C. Birkinshaw 93 (MO); Nosy Be, Diana, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Lokobe, 5-100 m, 13°24’51”S, 48°18’20”E, 07.II.2006, D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona & R. Ranaivojaona 13091 (NY, TEF). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Despite the voluminous literature on forest inventory and ecology and on frugivorous lemurs, in which C. madagascariense has been reported from various habitats in various parts of the country (e.g., Drew & Wright 1998 from SE Madagascar), it is in fact one of the rarest and most restricted species of the genus in Madagascar; to date we can confirm only two collections of this species, both from the island of Nosy Be in Antsiranana, where it is found in littoral forest and in moist forest on steep rocky terrain, at 5-100 m elevation. Fruiting Jan. DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive height 25 m or more. Outer bark gray. Resin white. Leaves 27-54.5 cm long, 7-10-jugate; petiole 4-10 cm long, petiole and rachis subglabrous except on young leaves with scattered fine, erect golden hairs to 0.4 (0.8) mm long; stipules 0-2 mm from petiole insertion, 7-17 mm long, oblong-ovate to oblong-orbicular, base on distal side truncate, on proximal side broad and cordate, abaxial surface subglabrous, adaxial surface with scattered to dense (especially distally) appressed golden hairs to 0.6 mm long, sometimes also with sparse capitate glands, the margin densely ciliate with flexuous hairs to 0.4 mm long, the scar 3-6 mm long, usually raised; basal petiolules 4-12 mm long, other laterals 6-16 mm long, terminal one 11-22 mm long, petiolules not canaliculate, lateral pulvinuli somewhat conspicuous; basal leaflets 5.5-8.9 × 3-5 cm, (broadly) ovate, other laterals 6.5-18 × 2.5-5.4 cm (oblong)ovate, terminal one 7-16 × 2.4-5.8 cm, (oblong-)elliptic to lanceolate; leaflet apex gradually and narrowly long-acuminate, the acumen (3) 6-17 mm long; lateral leaflet base subsymmetrical to slightly oblique, slightly cordate or less often truncate (on basals sometimes obtuse); margin flat; leaflets chartaceous to somewhat coriaceous, drying dark brown, somewhat glossy; leaflet secondary vein framework brochidodromous but looping at margin, secondaries in 10-14 pairs, almost straight, spacing slightly decreasing toward apex and base, angle slightly increasing near base, sometimes slightly discolorous adaxially, 1-2 perpendicular epimedial tertiaries present per pair of secondaries, costal tertiaries alternate-percurrent, sometimes irregular-reticulate, quaternaries regular-polygonal; on abaxial side all veins narrowly prominent, the surface glabrous but finely papillate; on adaxial side all veins narrowly prominent but midvein sunk in a groove, the surface glabrous. Staminate inflorescences c. 13 cm long, secondary axes to c. 4.5 cm long, axes with dense, flexuous, ferrugineous hairs to 0.3 mm long but mostly glabrescent, also with sparse to scattered capitate glands; bracts on primary and secondary axes to 3.5 mm long or more, fleshy, ovate and acuminate; bracteoles subtending flowers to 3 mm long, lanceolate to linear. Flowers known only from mature staminate buds. Infructescences up to 18 cm long, fruiting pedicel 7-8 mm long, subcylindrical, sparsely raised-lenticellate, fruiting calyx c. 12 mm long, cupular, the lobes slightly distinct, sparsely raised-lenticellate, remainder of surface with appressed, ferrugineous hairs. Fruits c. 5 × 2.3-2.5 cm, ellipsoid-ovoid to narrowly ovoid, olive-green or dark brown or reddish brown, the apex slightly acuminate and base acute, the surface lenticels dense, small, linear, flat, whitish, forming long lines. NOTES Canarium madagascariense belongs to a group of 10 species that all have relatively large leaflets with truncate to slightly cordate base; of these, the following also have the apex gradually acuminate and the secondary veins nearly perpendicular to the midvein and usually relatively straight: C. compressum, sp. nov., C. longistipulatum, sp. nov., C. multiflorum, and C. multinervis, sp. nov. Canarium madagascariense differs from them by the greater number of leaflet pairs (7-10 vs maximum 6 in the others) and the stipules inserted on or almost at the petiole base (vs (2) 5-22 mm from insertion; in C. bullatum, comb. et stat. nov. also close to base but leaflets bullate)., Published as part of Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, pp. 277-345 in Adansonia 37 (2) on pages 318-320, DOI: 10.5252/a2015n2a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5208903, {"references":["DREW J. L. & WRIGHT P. 1998. - Frugivory and seed dispersal by four species of primates in Madagascar's eastern rain forest. Biotropica 30: 425 - 437."]}