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1. Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies

Author

Per A. Andersson, Irina Vartanova, Daniel Västfjäll, Gustav Tinghög, Pontus Strimling, Junhui Wu, Isabela Hazin, Charity S. Akotia, Alisher Aldashev, Giulia Andrighetto, Adote Anum, Gizem Arikan, Fatemeh Bagherian, Davide Barrera, Dana Basnight-Brown, Birzhan Batkeyev, Elizaveta Berezina, Marie Björnstjerna, Paweł Boski, Inna Bovina, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Đorđe Čekrlija, Hoon-Seok Choi, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Rui Costa-Lopes, Mícheál de Barra, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Angela R. Dorrough, Nikolay Dvoryanchikov, Jan B. Engelmann, Hyun Euh, Xia Fang, Susann Fiedler, Olivia A. Foster-Gimbel, Márta Fülöp, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, C. M. Hew D. Gill, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Vladimir Gritskov, Katarzyna Growiec, Peter Halama, Andree Hartanto, Tim Hopthrow, Martina Hřebíčková, Dzintra Iliško, Hirotaka Imada, Hansika Kapoor, Kerry Kawakami, Narine Khachatryan, Natalia Kharchenko, Toko Kiyonari, Michal Kohút, Lisa M. Leslie, Yang Li, Norman P. Li, Zhuo Li, Kadi Liik, Angela T. Maitner, Bernardo Manhique, Harry Manley, Imed Medhioub, Sari Mentser, Pegah Nejat, Orlando Nipassa, Ravit Nussinson, Nneoma G. Onyedire, Ike E. Onyishi, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Minna Persson, Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Marianna Pogosyan, Jana Raver, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Sara Romanò, Pedro P. Romero, Inari Sakki, Alvaro San Martin, Sara Sherbaji, Hiroshi Shimizu, Brent Simpson, Erna Szabo, Kosuke Takemura, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Napoj Thanomkul, Habib Tiliouine, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Yannis Tsirbas, Sita Widodo, Rizqy Zein, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, and Kimmo Eriksson

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.

Published
2024
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2. Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries

Author

Giulia Andrighetto, Aron Szekely, Andrea Guido, Michele Gelfand, Jered Abernathy, Gizem Arikan, Zeynep Aycan, Shweta Bankar, Davide Barrera, Dana Basnight-Brown, Anabel Belaus, Elizaveta Berezina, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Juan Camilo Cárdenas, Đorđe Čekrlija, Mícheál de Barra, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Angela Dorrough, Jan B. Engelmann, Hyun Euh, Susann Fiedler, Olivia Foster-Gimbel, Gonçalo Freitas, Marta Fülöp, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Colin Mathew Hugues D. Gill, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Katarzyna Growiec, Hirofumi Hashimoto, Tim Hopthrow, Martina Hřebíčková, Hirotaka Imada, Yoshio Kamijo, Hansika Kapoor, Yoshihisa Kashima, Narine Khachatryan, Natalia Kharchenko, Diana León, Lisa M. Leslie, Yang Li, Kadi Liik, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Angela T. Maitner, Pavan Mamidi, Michele McArdle, Imed Medhioub, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Sari Mentser, Francisco Morales, Jayanth Narayanan, Kohei Nitta, Ravit Nussinson, Nneoma G. Onyedire, Ike E. Onyishi, Evgeny Osin, Seniha Özden, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Oleksandr Pereverziev, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Marianna Pogosyan, Jana Raver, Cecilia Reyna, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Sara Romanò, Pedro P. Romero, Inari Sakki, Angel Sánchez, Sara Sherbaji, Brent Simpson, Lorenzo Spadoni, Eftychia Stamkou, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Fiona Fira Winata, Rizqy Amelia Zein, Qing-peng Zhang, and Kimmo Eriksson

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat.

Published
2024
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3. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Kimmo Eriksson, Pontus Strimling, Michele Gelfand, Junhui Wu, Jered Abernathy, Charity S. Akotia, Alisher Aldashev, Per A. Andersson, Giulia Andrighetto, Adote Anum, Gizem Arikan, Zeynep Aycan, Fatemeh Bagherian, Davide Barrera, Dana Basnight-Brown, Birzhan Batkeyev, Anabel Belaus, Elizaveta Berezina, Marie Björnstjerna, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, Inna Bovina, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Juan-Camilo Cardenas, Đorđe Čekrlija, Hoon-Seok Choi, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Rui Costa-Lopes, Mícheál de Barra, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Angela Dorrough, Nikolay Dvoryanchikov, Anja Eller, Jan B. Engelmann, Hyun Euh, Xia Fang, Susann Fiedler, Olivia A. Foster-Gimbel, Márta Fülöp, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, C. M. Hew D. Gill, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Vladimir Gritskov, Katarzyna Growiec, Peter Halama, Andree Hartanto, Tim Hopthrow, Martina Hřebíčková, Dzintra Iliško, Hirotaka Imada, Hansika Kapoor, Kerry Kawakami, Narine Khachatryan, Natalia Kharchenko, Ninetta Khoury, Toko Kiyonari, Michal Kohút, Lê Thuỳ Linh, Lisa M. Leslie, Yang Li, Norman P. Li, Zhuo Li, Kadi Liik, Angela T. Maitner, Bernardo Manhique, Harry Manley, Imed Medhioub, Sari Mentser, Linda Mohammed, Pegah Nejat, Orlando Nipassa, Ravit Nussinson, Nneoma G. Onyedire, Ike E. Onyishi, Seniha Özden, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Minna S. Persson, Mpho Pheko, Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Marianna Pogosyan, Jana Raver, Cecilia Reyna, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Sara Romanò, Pedro P. Romero, Inari Sakki, Alvaro San Martin, Sara Sherbaji, Hiroshi Shimizu, Brent Simpson, Erna Szabo, Kosuke Takemura, Hassan Tieffi, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Napoj Thanomkul, Habib Tiliouine, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Yannis Tsirbas, Richard Wan, Sita Widodo, Rizqy Zein, Qing-peng Zhang, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, and Paul A. M. Van Lange

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Little is known about people’s preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in people’s perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.

Published
2021
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4. Author Correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Kimmo Eriksson, Pontus Strimling, Michele Gelfand, Junhui Wu, Jered Abernathy, Charity S. Akotia, Alisher Aldashev, Per A. Andersson, Giulia Andrighetto, Adote Anum, Gizem Arikan, Zeynep Aycan, Fatemeh Bagherian, Davide Barrera, Dana Basnight-Brown, Birzhan Batkeyev, Anabel Belaus, Elizaveta Berezina, Marie Björnstjerna, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, Inna Bovina, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Juan-Camilo Cardenas, Đorđe Čekrlija, Hoon-Seok Choi, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Rui Costa-Lopes, Mícheál de Barra, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Angela Dorrough, Nikolay Dvoryanchikov, Anja Eller, Jan B. Engelmann, Hyun Euh, Xia Fang, Susann Fiedler, Olivia A. Foster-Gimbel, Márta Fülöp, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, C. M. Hew D. Gill, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Vladimir Gritskov, Katarzyna Growiec, Peter Halama, Andree Hartanto, Tim Hopthrow, Martina Hřebíčková, Dzintra Iliško, Hirotaka Imada, Hansika Kapoor, Kerry Kawakami, Narine Khachatryan, Natalia Kharchenko, Ninetta Khoury, Toko Kiyonari, Michal Kohút, Lê Thuỳ Linh, Lisa M. Leslie, Yang Li, Norman P. Li, Zhuo Li, Kadi Liik, Angela T. Maitner, Bernardo Manhique, Harry Manley, Imed Medhioub, Sari Mentser, Linda Mohammed, Pegah Nejat, Orlando Nipassa, Ravit Nussinson, Nneoma G. Onyedire, Ike E. Onyishi, Seniha Özden, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Minna S. Persson, Mpho Pheko, Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Marianna Pogosyan, Jana Raver, Cecilia Reyna, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Sara Romanò, Pedro P. Romero, Inari Sakki, Alvaro San Martin, Sara Sherbaji, Hiroshi Shimizu, Brent Simpson, Erna Szabo, Kosuke Takemura, Hassan Tieffi, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Napoj Thanomkul, Habib Tiliouine, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Yannis Tsirbas, Richard Wan, Sita Widodo, Rizqy Zein, Qing-peng Zhang, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, and Paul A. M. Van Lange

Subjects
Science
Published
2021
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5. Decreasing income inequality and adolescent emotional distress: a population-based case study of Icelandic adolescents 2006–2016

Author

Jón Gunnar Bernburg, Arndis Vilhjalmsdottir, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Bart De Clercq, and Inga Dora Sigfusdottir

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Iceland, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Economic inequality, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Relative deprivation, Depression (differential diagnoses), media_common, 030505 public health, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Test (assessment), Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent Behavior, Case-Control Studies, Population Surveillance, Income, Survey data collection, Anxiety, Female, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Welfare, Stress, Psychological, Forecasting, Demography
Abstract

In this study, we aim to test whether changes in community income inequality influence adolescent emotional distress. We take advantage of the unique combination of data and history available in Iceland. This affluent welfare society has experienced extreme shifts in income inequality, allowing us to test whether changes in community income inequality are related to changes in adolescent emotional distress. Combining adolescent survey data (n = 24,107) with tax registry data on 76 neighborhood communities, we used a multilevel approach to model the data as longitudinal in order to test whether changes in community income inequality are related to changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression among adolescents. The results showed that, after adjusting for relevant individual and community covariates, decreases in community income inequality were associated with decreases in symptoms of anxiety among adolescents (b = − 0.367, p ≤ 0.001), but not with decreases in symptoms of depression. While the results provide a partial support for the income inequality thesis, we call for replications from other cultures and studies exploring the mediating role of social psychological processes.

Published
2019
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6. Author Correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Napoj Thanomkul, Giulia Andrighetto, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, Hassan Tieffi, Zhuo Li, Hansika Kapoor, Richard Wan, Davide Barrera, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, Susann Fiedler, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Anja Eller, Adote Anum, Vladimir Gritskov, Martina Hřebíčková, Jered Abernathy, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Dzintra Iliško, Sita Widodo, Juan Camilo Cárdenas, Narine Khachatryan, Yang Li, Habib Tiliouine, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Katarzyna Growiec, Andree Hartanto, Márta Fülöp, Orlando Nipassa, Pegah Nejat, Jan B. Engelmann, N V Dvoryanchikov, Pontus Strimling, Angela Rachael Dorrough, Nneoma Gift Onyedire, Linda Mohammed, Seniha Özden, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Jana L. Raver, Hiroshi Shimizu, Per A. Andersson, Elizaveta Berezina, Mícheál de Barra, Anna Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Birzhan Batkeyev, Minna S. Persson, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Sara Romanò, Lisa M. Leslie, Hyun Euh, Norman P. Li, Qing peng Zhang, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Paweł Boski, Michal Kohút, Sylvie Graf, Olivia Foster-Gimbel, Sari Mentser, Bernardo Manhique, Alisher Aldashev, Ani Grigoryan, Ravit Nussinson, Michele J. Gelfand, Gizem Arikan, Marie Björnstjerna, Andreas Glöckner, Ninetta Khoury, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Ike E. Onyishi, Inari Sakki, Toko Kiyonari, Hoon Seok Choi, Rizqy Amelia Zein, Alvaro San Martin, Junhui Wu, Đorđe Čekrlija, Kadi Liik, Brent Simpson, Erna Szabo, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Mpho M. Pheko, Inna Bovina, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Yannis Tsirbas, Imed Medhioub, Kimmo Eriksson, Fatemeh Bagherian, Rui Costa-Lopes, Angela T. Maitner, Charity S. Akotia, Lê Thuỳ Linh, Natalia Kharchenko, Xia Fang, Peter Halama, Hirotaka Imada, Anabel Belaus, Zeynep Aycan, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Pedro Romero, Cecilia Reyna, Sara Sherbaji, Sheyla Blumen, Harry Manley, Kosuke Takemura, C. M.Hew D. Gill, Kerry Kawakami, Marianna Pogosyan, Tim Hopthrow, and Ricardo Borges Rodrigues

Subjects
Male, Value of Life, Norm (group), Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Violence, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Judgment, Human behaviour, Social Norms, Humans, Attention, Sociology, Author Correction, Social Behavior, Psychology and behaviour, Multidisciplinary, Negotiating, Published Erratum, Social Support, General Chemistry, Female, Perception, Comprehension, Humanities
Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate.

Published
2021

7. Community income inequality and adolescent emotional problems: A population-based study

Author

Arndis Vilhjalmsdottir, Jón Gunnar Bernburg, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, and Ragna B. Gardarsdottir

Subjects
Population based study, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Social Psychology, Economic inequality, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Demographic economics, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychology
Published
2018
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8. Neighborhood income inequality, social capital and emotional distress among adolescents: A population‐based study

Author

Jón Gunnar Bernburg, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Arndis Vilhjalmsdottir, and Inga Dora Sigfusdottir

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Social Psychology, Iceland, 03 medical and health sciences, Social support, 0302 clinical medicine, Economic inequality, Residence Characteristics, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Social inequality, 030212 general & internal medicine, Poverty, Depression, Social Support, Social mobility, Mental health, Social relation, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent Behavior, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Income, Social Capital, Female, Psychology, Social psychology, Stress, Psychological, Social capital, Social status
Abstract

Theory holds that income inequality may harm adolescent mental health by reducing social capital within neighborhood communities. However, research on this topic has been very limited. We use multilevel data on 102 public schools and 5958 adolescents in Iceland (15 and 16 years old) to examine whether income inequality within neighborhoods is associated with emotional distress in adolescents. Moreover, we test whether indicators of social capital, including social trust and embeddedness in neighborhood social networks, mediate this contextual effect. The findings show that neighborhood income inequality positively influences emotional distress of individual adolescents, net of their personal household situations and social relations. However, although the indicators of social capital negatively influence emotional distress, they do not mediate the contextual effect of neighborhood income inequality. The study illustrates the role of economic disparities in adolescent mental health, but calls for more research on the underlying social and social-psychological mechanisms.

Published
2016
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9. Shifts in subjective well-being of different status groups: a longitudinal case-study during declining income inequality

Author

Rod Bond, Helga Dittmar, Arndis Vilhjalmsdottir, and Ragna B. Gardarsdottir

Subjects
05 social sciences, BF, 050109 social psychology, Social value orientations, Abstract theory, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Economic inequality, Income distribution, medicine, Mixture modelling, Anxiety, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Demographic economics, 030212 general & internal medicine, Subjective well-being, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Socioeconomic status, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Theory holds that as income distribution becomes more equal, the well-being of those of low socioeconomic standing increases, since their relative status is improved. In this study we measure changes in individual subjective well-being (SWB) over a three year period of declining income inequality in Iceland. Using growth mixture modelling, we identified two groups whose well-being trajectories differ. One group (n = 540) whose SWB was initially high but then declined slightly, and a second group (n = 110) whose SWB was initially low, but improved over time. This second group had lower socio-economic status and stronger materialistic values. These differing shifts in SWB coincide with diminishing income inequality and class division and the results are consistent with the status anxiety explanation of the income inequality hypothesis. Our findings suggest the need to examine separate trajectories of distinct socioeconomic groups in societies generally regarded as egalitarian, and examine the role of a materialistic value orientation further.

Published
2018

10. Contextualism as an Important Facet of Individualism-Collectivism: Personhood Beliefs Across 37 National Groups

Author

Pelin Kesebir, Camillo Regalia, Paola Balanta, George Nizharadze, Marie Courtois, Siugmin Lay, Immo Fritsche, Paula Prieto Gil, Roberto González, Agustín Espinosa, Tom Pyszczynski, Claudia Manzi, Maja Becker, Alexander Tatarko, Masaki Yuki, Ülku E. Güner, Ronald Fischer, Preeti Kapur, Selinay Çaǧlar, Michael Harris Bond, Mirona Gheorghiu, Said Aldhafri, Seth J. Schwartz, Xiao Zhang, Spike W. S. Lee, Rupert Brown, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Tanuja Gadre, Martina Zinkeng, Charles Harb, Aneta Chybicka, Boris Cendales Ayala, Gabriella Campara, Márta Fülöp, Mariana Martin, Isabelle de Sauvage, Matthew J. Easterbrook, Ellinor Owe, Diego Carrasco, Shaobo Lv, Alin Gavreliuc, Vivian L. Vignoles, Ana Raquel Rosas Torres, M. Cristina Ferreira, Girishwar Misra, Nil Yamakoǧlu, Inge Schweiger Gallo, Elvia Vargas Trujillo, Raquel Lorente Clemares, Jas Laile Suzana Binti Jaafar, Juan A. Villamar, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Johanna H. Buitendach, Taciano L. Milfont, Maria Paz Cadena, Peter B. Smith, Qian Wang, Emre Özgen, Andrew Mogaji, Nicolás Didier, Aune Valk, Flávia Cristina Silveira Lemos, Maria Brambilla, Silvia Helena Koller, Ersin Kusdil, Robert Kreuzbauer, Leoncio Camino, Sabrina E. Des Rosiers, Ginette Herman, Benjamin Amponsah, Sami Abuhamdeh, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal, Nicolay Gausel, David Bourguignon, Bettina Möller, Kassahun Habtamu Mekonnen, Zhang Jian-xin, Peter Baguma, Baland Jalal, University of Sussex, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Makerere University (MAK), Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Addis Ababa University (AAU), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, West University of Timisoara [Roumanie] (UVT), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Wuhan Branch], Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Différenciation et physiologie des lymphocytes T (U1020), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Arc Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics (ACQAO), Australian National University (ANU), University of Tartu, Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC (UMR_7057)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Gdańsk, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Departamento Ingeniería Telemática, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid], Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Psychologie Ergonomique et Sociale pour l'Expérience utilisateurs (PErSEUs), Université de Lorraine (UL), Yaşar University, Bilkent University [Ankara], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey (UNIS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Osaka Prefecture University, Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), University of Gdańsk (UG), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Ateneo de Manila University, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie ( CLLE-LTC ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson], Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis [Lund], PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Makerere University ( MAK ), Sultan Qaboos University ( SQU ), University of Addis Ababa, Catholic University of Milano, West University of Timisoara [Roumanie], West University of Timisoara, Federal University of Paraíba [João Pessoa], University of KwaZulu-Natal ( UKZN ), Différenciation et physiologie des lymphocytes T ( U1020 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Arc Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics ( ACQAO ), Australian National University ( ANU ), Matière et Systèmes Complexes ( MSC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hungarian Academy of Sciences [Budapest], Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés ( LPMMC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Psychologie Ergonomique et Sociale pour l'Expérience utilisateurs ( PERSEUS ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Yasar University, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] ( UFRGS ), Universidad de Los Andes ( ULA ), Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] ( UCM ), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), West University of Timișoara [Roumanie] (WUT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Social Psychology, Personhood, cross-cultural differences, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Context (language use), 050105 experimental psychology, Individualism, [ SHS.PSY ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Personhood beliefs, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, In-group favoritism, Contextualism, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], individualism-collectivism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Measurement invariance, Individualism-collectivism, 05 social sciences, Collectivism, Ingroups and outgroups, Settore M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, personhood beliefs, measurement invariance, Cross-cultural differences, Anthropology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, individualism–collectivism, Psychology, Construct (philosophy), Social psychology
Abstract

Beliefs about personhood are understood to be a defining feature of individualism-collectivism (I-C), but they have been insufficiently explored, given the emphasis of research on values and self-construals. We propose the construct of contextualism, referring to beliefs about the importance of context in understanding people, as a facet of cultural collectivism. A brief measure was developed and refined across 19 nations (Study 1: N = 5,241), showing good psychometric properties for cross-cultural use and correlating well at the nation level with other supposed facets and indicators of I-C. In Study 2 (N = 8,652), nation-level contextualism predicted ingroup favoritism, corruption, and differential trust of ingroup and outgroup members, while controlling for other facets of I-C, across 35 nations. We conclude that contextualism is an important part of cultural collectivism. This highlights the importance of beliefs alongside values and self-representations and contributes to a wider understanding of cultural processes. © The Author(s) 2013.

Published
2013
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12. Personal life satisfaction as a measure of societal happiness is an individualistic presumption: evidence from fifty countries

Author

Heyla A. Selim, Alin Gavreliuc, Azar Nadi, Vladyslav Romashov, Diana Hanke-Boer, Michael Harris Bond, Julien Teyssier, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia, Nicole Kronberger, Cláudio Vaz Torres, Pablo Barrientos, Lucie Klůzová Kračmárová, Brian W. Haas, John M. Zelenski, Arno Baltin, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Beate Schwarz, Patrick Denoux, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Mladen Adamovic, Carla Sofia Esteves, Zoran Pavlović, Márta Fülöp, Xinhui Liu, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Tamara Mohorić, Joonha Park, İdil Işık, Espen Røysamb, Martín Nader, Salome Charkviani, D.O. Igbokwe, Yukiko Uchida, Ursula Serdarevich, Natália Kaščáková, Cai Xing, Agnieszka Wojtczuk-Turek, Kuba Krys, Mustaffa Nur Fariza, Stanislava Stoyanova, Ruta Sargautyte, Muhammad Rizwan, Wijnand A.P. van Tilburg, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Lily Appoh, Isabelle Albert, David Sirlopú, Eric Raymond Igou, Agata Kocimska-Zych, Oriana Mosca, Ayu Okvitawanli, Anna Kwiatkowska, Arina Malyonova, Yvette van Osch, Vivian L. Vignoles, Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa, J. Hannah Lee, Colin A. Capaldi, Arévalo D. M. Mira, Chien-Ru Sun, Charity S. Akotia, Krys, K., Park, J., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kosiarczyk, A., Selim, H. A., Wojtczuk-Turek, A., Haas, B. W., Uchida, Y., Torres, C., Capaldi, C. A., Bond, M. H., Zelenski, J. M., Lun, V. M. -C., Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, C. -M., Polackova Solcova, I., Sirlopu, D., Xing, C., Vignoles, V. L., van Tilburg, W. A. P., Teyssier, J., Sun, C. -R., Stoyanova, S., Serdarevich, U., Schwarz, B., Sargautyte, R., Roysamb, E., Romashov, V., Rizwan, M., Pavlovic, Z., Pavlopoulos, V., van Osch, Y., Okvitawanli, A., Nadi, A., Nader, M., Nur Fariza, M., Mosca, O., Mohoric, T., Barrientos, P. E., Malyonova, A., Liu, X., Lee, J. H., Kwiatkowska, A., Kronberger, N., Kluzova Kracmarova, L., Kascakova, N., Isik, I., Igou, E. R., Igbokwe, D. O., Hanke-Boer, D., Gavreliuc, A., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Fulop, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Esteves, C. S., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., Denoux, P., Charkviani, S., Baltin, A., Mira, A. D. M., Appoh, L., Albert, I., Akotia, C. S., Adamovic, M., Polish National Science Centre, Japan Society, Department of Social Psychology, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Eric R. Igou, Isabelle Albert, Yukiko Uchida, J. Hannah Lee, Alin I. Gavreliuc, Ayu Okvitawanli, Ragna B Gardarsdottir, David Sirlopu, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Vivian Lun, Joonha Park, Kuba Krys, Espen Roysamb, C. Sofia Esteves, Beate Schwarz, David Sirlopú, Colin Capaldi, Anna Kwiatkowska, Арина Юрьевна Маленова, Cai Xing, Tamara Mohoric, Oriana Mosca, Lucie Kluzova Kracmarova, Vivian Vignoles, Nicole Kronberger, Heyla Selim, Zoran Pavlović, and Stanislava Stoyanova

Subjects
Family happine, Collectivism, Culture, Family happiness, Individualism, Interdependent happiness, Life satisfaction, Self-construals, Well-being, media_common.quotation_subject, Happiness, Personal life, 050109 social psychology, Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais [Domínio/Área Científica], 158: Angewandte Psychologie, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], 050105 experimental psychology, CULTURE, PSYCHOLOGY, Selfconstruals, Interdependent happine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cross-cultural comparison, media_common, 05 social sciences, Cross-cultural studies, SELF, EMOTIONS, Positive psychology, Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Psykologi: 260 [VDP], Self-construal, Psychology, Social psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled.

Published
2021

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