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Abstract Background In the literature, obesity has been correlated with coronary artery diseases (CADs) and high health costs. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between obesity parameters and the health costs among patients with CADs undergoing cardiac catheterization. Method A secondary data analysis was done for an original study. The original study was conducted among 220 hospitalized patients undergoing cardiac catheterization from two main hospitals located in the Middle and Northern regions of Jordan. Bivariate Pearson’s correlation and forward linear regression analysis were calculated in this study. Results The average health cost for the participants was 1,344 JOD (1,895.63 USD). A significant positive moderate correlation (r = 0.4) was found between hip circumference (HC) and health cost. There were significant positive weak correlations between low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and depression, and the health cost (correlation coefficient 0.17, 0.3, 0.29, 0.22 and 0.17, respectively. HC, waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body adiposity index (BAI) were significantly associated with health costs among male participants. In contrast, among females, none of the obesity parameters was significantly associated with health costs. The forward regression analysis illustrated that an increase of HC by 3.9 cm (β (0.292) * SD (13.4)) will increase the health cost by 1 JOD (0.71 USD). The same analysis revealed that HS-CRP increased by 0.4 mg/dl (β (0.258)*SD (1.43)), or triglycerides increased by 8.3 mg/dl (β (0.241)* SD (34.3)), or depression score increased by 0.32 score (β (0.137)* SD (2.3)), or total cholesterol increased by 4 mg/dl (β (0.163)* SD (24.7)), the health cost will increase by one JOD (0.71 USD). Conclusion Healthcare providers, including nurses, should significantly consider these factors to reduce the health costs for those at-risk patients by providing the appropriate healthcare on time.

ObjectivesThis study aims to qualitatively examine nurses' perception of uncertainty regarding suspected pain in people with dementia (PWD).DesignThe study utilized a qualitative descriptive design.ParticipantsThe participants in this study were nurses with a minimum of six months of experience caring for PWD and currently working in a university hospital in Irbid, Jordan. Twenty-five participants were selected using convenience sampling from the selected hospital.ResultsFour major themes and 12 subthemes relating to nurses' perceptions of uncertainty regarding suspected pain in PWD emerged. The main themes were (a) the culture-bound nature of uncertainty regarding suspected pain in PWD, (b) dimensions of uncertainty regarding suspected pain in PWD, (c) indicators of uncertainty regarding suspected pain in PWD, and (d) assessment methods of uncertainty to suspected pain in PWD. Moreover, for each major theme, different subthemes were developed.ConclusionsIt is crucial to address factors influencing -nurses' uncertainty regarding suspected pain in PWD to improve pain assessment and management in PWD. Additionally, the study identified five indicators of uncertainty: complicated decision-making, knowledge deficit, bias, intuition, and misconceptions. Effective assessment methods, such as semi-structured interviews and simulated assessments, should be employed to evaluate uncertainty accurately. By addressing these issues and utilizing appropriate assessment approaches, healthcare professionals can enhance pain management for individuals with dementia.

Background and Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined the predictors of negative and positive affect among individuals with dementia. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 Jordanian participants diagnosed with dementia was recruited from residential care facilities, and data were collected using different measures. Results: The results revealed that higher levels of negative affect were significantly associated with increased physical and verbal agitation among individuals with dementia. Conversely, lower levels of positive affect were associated with residing in a nursing home. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of recognizing the impact of both negative and positive affect on the well-being of individuals with dementia. Interventions targeting the reduction of negative affect and promoting positive affect could alleviate agitation and enhance emotional closeness in this population.

Background: Although patient education programs impart health-related knowledge that promotes the individual capacity to understand basic health information, there is a dearth of studies that examine the effect of cardiac educational programs on knowledge and satisfaction among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Jordan. Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of cardiac educational programs on knowledge and satisfaction among patients with CAD. Methods: An experimental design was used. Data were collected from 138 patients using the Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire-Short Version and the Patient Satisfaction Scale. Participants were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. Data were collected twice, before the intervention and one month after implementation. Results: There was a significant difference t (61) = -3.12, P= 0.03 between the mean knowledge score at pre-test (M=10.3, SD= 3.80) and post-test (M=12, SD=1.49) and a significant difference t (61) =-17.3 P< 0.001) between the mean satisfaction score at pre-test (M=3.5, SD= 0.38) and post-test (M=4.41, SD=0.37). Results of paired t-test showed that there was a significant difference t (61) = -3.12, P= 0.03 between the mean knowledge score at pre-test (M=10.3, SD= 3.80) and post-test (M=12, SD=1.49) for the experimental group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference t (64) = 1.01, P= 0.31 between the mean knowledge score at pre-test (M=10.8, SD=32.6) and post-test (M=10.7, SD=2.96) for the control group. Conclusion: The findings of the current study support the significant effect of the cardiac educational program on the level of knowledge and satisfaction among patients with CAD.