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12. Growth and Flowering Responses of Elite Varieties of Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) in Rawalpindi Climate Zone.

Author

Shah, Monis Hussain, Ur Rehman, Riaz, Shah, Riaz Ali, Batool, Farwa, Rafique, Rizwan, Usman, Muhammad, Bibi, Sajida, Yasin, Sadia, and Qamar, Samida

Subjects
TULIPS, PLANT performance, CUT flowers, FLOWERS, CULTIVARS, BEDDING plants
Abstract

The tulip is an important cut flower around the globe. The Tulip is not famous in Pakistan for sale and cultivation for commercial purposes as well. The evaluation of exotic varieties are very important for recommendation to local farmers for better yield. Four tulip varieties cv. Antarctica, Oxford, Ballerina and Apeldoorn were purchased for evaluation. The 100 bulbs of each variety were planted in the bed. The performance of the plants during 2017-18 were judged by observing the bulb germination percentage, leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), scape length (cm), flower size (mm), primary color of the flower, secondary color of flower, no. of large, medium and small size of bulbs and number of bulbs harvested. The bulbs were harvested and stored at 5±2oC (In Refrigerator). The morphological attributes of plants were observed better in cv. Antarctica and Oxford. The research was repeated during the subsequent years. The variable response was observed in various varieties of tulip in Rawalpindi climate. The cv. Antarctica and Oxford were observed as best performer wise all the attributes. The same varieties are recommended to local farmers for cultivation as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Synthesis of g-C3N4 nanorods for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, methylene orange and rhodamine-B.

Author

Nabi, Ghulam, Malik, Nafisa, Tahir, M. Bilal, Tanveer, Muhammad, Rafique, Rizwan, Rehman, Salsbeel, Yousaf, Raheel, and Akram, Sadia

Subjects
NANOROD synthesis, PHOTODEGRADATION, ORGANIC dyes, RADICAL anions, MELAMINE
Abstract

A novel recoverable photocatalyst g-C3N4 nanorods have been synthesised by using melamine and adopting the hydrothermal method. Graphitic carbon nitride has been characterised by a wide range of characterisation techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, PL and FTIR. Their effect on degradation of organic dyes, methylene blue (MB), methylene orange (MO) and Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) have been studied along with factors of pH 0–5 and pH 8–14. Remarkably, g-C3N4 could degrade 99% of MO, 97% of MB and 99.9% of Rh-B with pH 0–5, and 97.7% of MO, 98% of MB and 99.5% Rh-B with pH 8–12, respectively. This catalyst has superior dye degradation efficiency (99.9% and 99.5%) for Rh-B for both the factors pH 0–5 and pH 8–12. The trapping experiment results portrayed that the superoxide radical anion (•O2−) and holes (h+) have played major role for the degradation of Rh-B, MB and MO dyes. Based on the trapping experiment results, a tentative photocatalytic mechanism has also been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. Characterization of cowpea to harvest rainwater for wheat in semiarid conditions

Author

Sajjad, Muhammad R., Rizvi, Sultan A., Rafique, Rizwan, Naseem, Waqas, Khan, Azra, Muhammad, Ghulam, Subhani, Abid, Aziz, Marjan, Javid, Shahid, Sajjad, Muhammad R., Rizvi, Sultan A., Rafique, Rizwan, Naseem, Waqas, Khan, Azra, Muhammad, Ghulam, Subhani, Abid, Aziz, Marjan, and Javid, Shahid

Abstract

Aim of study: A field experiment was executed, under rainfed conditions from 2014-15 to 2017-18, to study the role of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in rainwater harvesting to enhance the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield.Area of study: Rain-fed area of Pothwar region, Punjab, Pakistan.Material and methods: We designed three treatments (T1: control; T2: cowpea grown after conventional tillage and incorporated into soil to act as “green manure”; and T3: grown without any tillage practice, cut with sickle and spread as “mulch”). The effect of these treatments on soil moisture conservation was studied against conventional farmer’s practice, wherein no host crop is grown before wheat sowing.Main results: Available soil water remained highest in T2 during first three years when sufficient rainfall was received contrary to fourth year with low rainfall. The results revealed that cowpea biomass of 15.2 t/ha and 13.72 t/ha, from T2 and T3 respectively, were produced during 2015 corresponding to 213 mm rainfall. Whereas, these quantities increased to 25.69 t/ha and 24.29 t/ha during 2017 with 387 mm of rainfall. The study revealed that net income from wheat crop under T2 was Rs 13000 and Rs 9000 per hectare higher than that of control during the first two years respectively. Contrarily, net income from T2 was found negative and benefit-cost ratio reduced to 0.79 when very low rainfall was received during the last year.Research highlights: Use of cowpea as green manure gave maximum net return if sufficient rainfall is received during decomposition of cowpea and hence recommended for in-situ rainwater harvesting.

Published
2021

22. Effect of Climate Change on Polyphenols Accumulation in Grapevine

Author

Rafique, Rizwan, Rafique, Rehan, Khalil, Uzman, Naseer, Mehwish, Rafique, Tanzila, and Shah, Monis

Subjects
Science / Life Sciences / Biochemistry
Abstract

Phenolics compounds in grapes contribute to berry and must color, organoleptic properties, nutritional value, antioxidant properties and provide protection against environmental challenges. Climate change has place mammoth challenges for the viticulture industry in different viticulture regions. Environmental variables determine to the greater extent, suitable grapes varieties for fresh as well as premium quality wine production. Grape berry composition is particularly affected by heat, drought, and intensity of solar irradiation. It is expected that climatic extremes will have an adverse effect on berry quality traits such as phenolic compounds in different grape cultivars. Polyphenols particularly anthocyanins decrease at elevated temperature, similarly flavanols levels increase with better exposure to solar radiation. Water availability is crucial for better vine growth and good production, however modest water stress particularly near veraison, upregulates the activity of key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. Therefore, it is important to know that how and when phenolic substance accumulate in berries and how various cultivars respond. This review elaborates the effect of weather conditions on biosynthesis of different phenolic compounds in grapes. Berry phenolic substances e.g., total phenolic compounds (TPC), total anthocyanins (TAC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) synthesis is strongly regulated under the influence of environmental conditions during growing season. In this chapter we, shall focus on accumulation of phenolic compounds in grapevine in relation to climatic variations.

Published
2018

25. Controlled transformation of V-doped Co(OH)2hexagonal nanosheets towards enhanced electrochemical performance

Author

Nabi, Ghulam, Rafique, Rizwan, Majid, Abdul, Raza, Waseem, Alharbi, Thamer, and Alhabradi, Mansour

Abstract

To meet the energy demands, development of efficient electrode materials or structures for electrochemical energy storage systems are highly desired. Hence, novel hexagonal nanosheets of vanadium doped Co(OH)2have been synthesized by cost effective hydrothermal-method, which exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. The structural characterizations were performed by XRD, FESEM, EDS and TEM tools, which confirmed the phases purity and perfect hexagonal based nanosheets. It was also revealed that with the increase in doping concentration of vanadium, the morphology was gradually transformed from hierarchical structures to hexagonal nanosheets. CV results exhibited that the specific capacitance was increased on vanadium doping and maximum capacitance of 1357 F/g was obtained for 15% V-doped Co(OH)2sample, which is almost two times greater than undoped-Co(OH)2. Furthermore, this sample has shown a very high capacitance retention of 89% over 3000 CV cycles. These improvements are attributed to the optimized hexagonal nanosheets based morphology and appropriate doping value of redox active element i.e. vanadium into Co(OH)2. This V-doping affected the shape of nano structures along with changes in redox reactions of Co(OH)2.

Published
2022
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