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Teknologi telah berkembang pesat hingga semua orang dapat mengambil informasi dari belahan dunia secara cepat. Perkembangan teknologi ini sangat penting diterapkan pada sektor bisnis karena dapat memberikan keefektifan dalam pekerjaan mereka, salah satunya pada pengelolaan keuangan. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan penulis, UMKM di Kelurahan Karangsari, Kota Blitar masih menggunakan pembukuan keuangan secara sederhana. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menyajikan rancangan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Keuangan sebagai solusi permasalahan tersebut. Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Keuangan dirancang menggunakan metode Focus Group Discussion dan metode Agile. yang berbasis web menggunakan bahas pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL. Desain aplikasi dirancang menggunakan usecase diagram. Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Keuangan WANGSARI ini menghasilkan data pendapatan, pengeluaran, dan laporan keuangan.

Aims Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) influences neural sensitivity, nerve conduction velocity, proprioception and muscle strength. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the speed of strength generation (SSG) and/or proprioception function of the plantarflexor muscles in people with diabetes both with and without peripheral neuropathy would affect accelerator pedal control on a driving simulator. Methods Fifty-four active drivers, 15 with DPN (DPN, aged 66±6.0yrs), 25 with diabetes but no neuropathy (DM, aged 62±8.7yrs) and 14 controls without diabetes (C, aged 58±10yrs), undertook a maximum isometric muscle test of the plantarflexor muscles and a proprioception test of the right ankle joint using a dynamometer, in addition to a driving task using a driving simulator. We measured SSG (Nm/s), proprioception error values (degrees) and accelerator pedal position (degrees) from these tests, respectively. Results The DM and DPN groups showed significantly lower values for SSG with respect to C (DPN: 80.9±58.4; DM: 134.2±89.3; C: 233±135.4 Nm/s; p0.05), and the lowest value of accelerator pedal displacement during the driving test (DPN: 1.8±0.8; DM 3.1±0.6; C: 2.9±0.7 deg; p>0.05) with respect to DM and C groups. Conclusions Whilst not affecting people with diabetes without neuropathy, reduced ankle joint proprioception together with a slower production of plantarflexor muscle strength seems to influence accelerator pedal control during a driving simulation task in people DPN.

The penetration rate of power-law non-Newtonian liquids in a circular tube driven by the capillary pressure is derived. The dimensionless fractional height of liquid in the tube relative to the equilibrium height, χ = h(t)/h(∞), is calculated as a function of an appropriately chosen dimensionless time, permitting expression of the height-time dependence as a function of the reciprocal of the exponent in the power-law model, s = 1/n. It is found that the rate of penetration and, therefore, also withdrawal of liquid is dramatically retarded as the liquid becomes more strongly shear-thinning, i.e., as n becomes small relative to unity.

The properties, settling rates, and the rheology of coal–water mixtures (CWM) made up from different coals were investigated. Test suspensions containing different concentrations of suspended particles were made up from each of four different pulverized parent coals: a Pittsburgh Seam No. 8 coal, an Illinois coal, and the product and feed from a flotation process using an Illinois coal. All the parent coals had broad particle-size distributions. In addition, the Pittsburgh Seam No. 8 coal was classified into four different size fractions using sieving, resulting in three coarser, narrow particle size cuts and the fine residual fraction passing 325-mesh, which had a broad size distribution. The property characterizations for all coals included the following: elemental analyses, heating values, particle size analyses, particle surface areas and pore sizes, solid heat capacities, and thermal conductivities. Tests on the suspensions included detailed supernatant ion analyses, and measurements of pH values and zeta potentials. For each test coal maximum-packing volume fractions were estimated using centrifugation, and the settling rates and directly measured yield stresses, using the vane method, were determined for every concentration of coal–water mixtures (CWM) used. The shear-stress/shear-rate dependences of the test suspensions, covering the shear-rate range from 0.1 to 105 s−1, were determined using a capillary rheometer. For some of the test suspensions, correction for a pronounced wall-slip effect was required. Apart from the directly measured yield stresses using the vane method, yield stresses were estimated indirectly by extrapolation and rheological model-fitting. Extrapolation of directly measured yield stresses to infinite limit was used to estimate maximum packing for comparison with those determined from the irreducible sediment volumes using centrifugation. The two-parameter power-law, Bingham plastic and Casson empirical rheological models, and the three-parameter Herschel-Bulkley and Sisko models were used to fit the shear-stress/shear-rate data. In general, the shear-stress/shear-rate dependence was found to be shear-thinning, power-law, over the lower ranges of shear, and to tend to Newtonian limit at high shear; a dependence which is best described by the three-parameter Sisko model.

The 1-D axial, laminar, Newtonian flow through a tube of uniform, but noncircular, cross-section is analyzed. The tube boundary is r = R[1 + ef(θ)], in which R is a reference radius, e is a small parameter, and the function f(θ) of the polar angle is general, albeit subject to minimal constraints ensuring single-valuedness and quadrant symmetry. All results are determined as asymptotic expansions complete to terms O(e2), which include the velocity distribution, average velocity, volume flow rate, ratio of flow rates in the noncircular to that in a circular pipe of the same cross-sectional area, the friction factor-Reynolds number dependence, the permeability of packed beds comprising noncircular capillaries, kinetic-energy and momentum-flux correction factors, the capillary penetration rate under the influence of the capillary pressure and the equilibrium value of the capillary rise. Expressions are derived in terms of the general boundary function f(θ) and, for special cases, when f(θ) = sin2kθ (k = 1, 2, 3) and f(θ) = sin2kθ with k a positive integer. The results provide quantitative measures of the effect of tube shape on flow properties and on imbibition and drainage from noncircular capillaries.

The properties, settling behavior and the rheology of fine particulate slurries were investigated. The test slurries used in these studies included laterite, gypsum, titanium dioxide and silica flour. All were industrial slurries. The property characterization experiments included measurements of the particle size distributions, particle surface areas, pore size distributions and particle densities. Slurries containing different concentrations of the test solids were made up, and their pH and zeta potentials were measured. The rates of settling of the slurries as a function of concentration were determined. The rheological data included directly measured yield stresses using the vane apparatus, and the shear stress-shear rate dependence over ranges of shear rate from less than 1 to more than 10 4 s −1 using both rotational and capillary rheometers. The settling rate data were analyzed using hindered settling correlations. The yield stress-concentration data were correlated using relationships based on interparticle spacing and the maximum packing volume fraction of solids. Both two-parameter as well as three-parameter empirical rheological models were used to fit the shear stress-shear rate data. The three-parameter Sisko model, which combines low- and intermediate-shear power-law with high-shear Newtonian limiting behavior, was found to provide the best overall description of the flow curves for all slurries, at all solids loadings, over the entire measured range of shear rates. This finding is significant because this model evidently works for most non-Newtonian solid-liquid suspensions, and also because it is applicable over precisely the range of shear rates relevant to pipeline transport of the suspensions.

An experimental study of the filtration and dewatering of fine coal with and without additives was carried out. Filtration and dewatering behavior were determined using a vacuum filtration cell. The variables studied included the driving force, solids concentration, filter area, particle size and slurry pH. The effects of several flocculants, surfactants and hydrophobing additives (oils) on final moisture content of the filter cakes were determined. The investigations included determination of the rates of filtration and dewatering, assessment of the effects of additive type (anionic, cationic and nonionic), and establishment of optimum dosage of additives. Overall, it was found that the filtration and dewatering behavior were enhanced by increased driving force, higher initial slurry concentration, larger filtration area, larger particle size and lower slurry pH. Among surfactants and flocculating additives the anionic types were found to do the best job of filtration enhancement. At optimum dosages, the final cake moisture contents were reduced by 3.6% and 5.8% by weight using the appropriate surfactant and flocculant, respectively. However, the best filtration enhancements were achieved by addition of oils, which yielded cake moisture reductions of approximately 10% by weight.

The yield stresses of coal-water mixtures as functions of solids volume fraction, suspended particle size, and suspension pH were measured using the vane method. The suspension yield stress-solids volume fraction data were used to estimate the asymptotic values of solids concentration in the limit of infinite yield stress. The limiting solids volume fractions, obtained by such an extrapolation, were found to be approximately the same as those estimated independently from the irreducible sediment volumes obtained by centrifugation. The yield stress-concentration dependence was found to depend on particle size as well as pH, or the corresponding zeta potential which was also measured. However, for a given particle size mix the yield stress-concentration plots for different pH appeared to converge, as the yield stress became large, and to approach a common asymptotic value of solids concentration in the limit of infinite yield stress. A number of different extrapolation procedures were tested to establish the type of plot capable of providing a consistent, unambiguous value of these limiting concentrations. The procedures for estimating the maximum packing solids concentrations from centrifugal sedimentation were also tested by varying the speed and the duration of centrifugation. The solids concentration dependence of the yield stress of CWM was found to be described by two-parameter non-linear relationships based upon the mean interparticle spacing, and incorporating the maximum packing volume of solids. Furthermore, it is established that the yield stress is proportional to the reciprocal of the mean particle size.

This paper discusses settling rates, yield stresses, and shear-stress/shear-rate dependences which were determined as functions of solids concentration for suspensions in water of coal particles of narrow size fractions. Particles and suspensions are characterized by coal analyses, determination of heating value, solid heat capacity and thermal conductivity, particle size analyses, and determination of densities and maximum packing concentrations for each particle size range. Analysis of the settling data establishes that the usually strong retardation of (hindered) settling due to concentration is compounded by particle shape effects. Shear-stress/shear-rate data for concentrated suspensions of the three larger and relatively narrower sized particles over the broad range of shear rates from about 1 to 10{sup 4} s {sup {minus}1} suggest the behavior to be essentially Newtonian, albeit with a marked particle concentration augmentation. Suspensions of the smallest coal particles of broader size distribution were strongly non-Newtonian, possessing a yield stress at low shear, essentially power-law shear-thinning behavior over the intermediate range and approaching high-shear Newtonian limiting behavior above about 10{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}.

The thermal conductivities of suspensions of particulate coals in water, in fuel oil and in other liquids, and of mixtures of different particulate solids in liquids were measured. The binary suspension data were used to determine the solid thermal conductivities of the particulate inclusions by various extrapolations, and to test the different extrapolation schemes. A general, second-order, effective conductivity formula for binary mixtures, valid for small differences between the conductivities of dispersed and continuous phases, was derived. For suspensions containing a mixture of N different solids, of solid to liquid conductivity ratios β t = k i k 0 and volume fractions φ i , the formulae ( k ∗ k 0 ) = β 1 φ1 β 2 φ2 … β N φN and ( k ∗ k 0 ) = [1 + ∑(β i 1 3 − 1)φ i ] 3 were derived for the suspension thermal conductivity k ∗ . The former was found to do a good job of prediction for binary and multi-solid suspensions. As the volume fraction weighted geometric mean of the constituent conductivities, this formula is known to lie between the harmonic and arithmetic means as lower and upper bounds, respectively. Furthermore, over the range of conductivity ratios β i where it works well, it either lies between tighter bounds based on variational principles, or when it falls outside it differs indistinguishably from these bounds, which in this case turn out to be quite close.

The yield stresses of aqueous laterite suspensions as functions of solids concentration and suspension pH, or ζ potential, were measured using the direct vane method. In addition, capillary rheometer shear stress—shear rate data were taken for the most concentrated test suspension, and these were used to estimate the yield stress by various extrapolations, and to compare them with the directly measured value using the vane geometry. Detailed characterizations of all test suspensions were carried out. The yield stress was found to depend strongly on suspension pH, attaining a minimum at the isoelectric point occurring at high pH. It was found to follow approximately a straight-line relationship with the square of the ζ potential, and its dependence on solids concentration is described by a two-parameter nonlinear relationship which gives the appropriate behavior in both the dilute limit and the concentrated limit near maximum packing.In situ particle size measurements by sedimentation suggest that the degree of flocculation is high under acidic conditions. The capillary rheometer data reflect strongly non-Newtonian, shear thinning behavior.