30 results on '"Raffaele Di Stefano"'
Search Results
2. Adjoint tomography of the Italian lithosphere
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Federica Magnoni, Emanuele Casarotti, Dimitri Komatitsch, Raffaele Di Stefano, Maria Grazia Ciaccio, Carl Tape, Daniele Melini, Alberto Michelini, Antonio Piersanti, and Jeroen Tromp
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Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The distribution of fluids beneath the Apennines, the magmatic plumbing system of Mount Etna and the presence of two microplates within the Adriatic plate are interpreted by the application of full waveform adjoint tomography to the entire Italian lithosphere.
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- 2022
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3. First-Motion Focal Mechanism Solutions for 2015–2019 M ≥ 4.0 Italian Earthquakes
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Maria G. Ciaccio, Raffaele Di Stefano, Luigi Improta, Maria T. Mariucci, BSI Working Group, Barbara Castello, Diana Latorre, Lucia Margheriti, Paola Baccheschi, Arianna Lisi, Alessandro Marchetti, Anna Nardi, Anna Maria Lombardi, Milena Moretti, Cinzia Melorio, Corrado Castellano, Patrizia Battelli, Alberto Frepoli, Alessandra Sciarra, Alessandra Smedile, Alexia Battelli, Antonio Rossi, Barbara Cantucci, Caterina Montuori, Corrado Thermes, Daniele Cheloni, Francesco Mariano Mele, Giorgio Modica, Laura Colini, Laura Scognamiglio, Luca Arcoraci, Luca Miconi, Luca Pizzino, Marina Pastori, Michele Berardi, Nicola Mauro Pagliuca, Roberta Tozzi, Roberto Tardini, Rosalba Di Maro, Sabina Spadoni, Stefania Pinzi, Stefano Pintore, Stephen Monna, and Tiziana Sgroi
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first motion solutions ,focal mechanisms ,seismicity ,Italian region ,Amatrice-Visso-Norcia seismic sequence ,Montecilfone sequence ,Science - Abstract
A list of 100 focal mechanism solutions that occurred in Italy between 2015 and 2019 has been compiled for earthquakes with magnitude M ≥ 4.0. We define earthquake parameters for additional 22 seismic events with 3.0 ≤ M < 4.0 for two specific key zones: Muccia, at the northern termination of the Amatrice–Visso–Norcia 2016–2018 central Italy seismic sequence, and Montecilfone (southern Italy) struck in 2018 by a deep, strike-slip Mw 5.1 earthquake apparently anomalous for the southern Apennines extensional belt. First-motion focal mechanism solutions are a good proxy for the initial rupture and they provide important additional information on the source mechanism. The catalog compiled in the present paper provides earthquake parameters for individual events of interest to contribute, as a valuable source of information, for further studies as seismotectonic investigations and stress distribution maps. We calculated the focal mechanisms using as a reference the phase pickings reported in the Italian Seismic Bulletin (BSI). We visually checked the reference picks to accurately revise manual first-motion polarities, or include new onsets when they are not present in the BSI dataset, for the selected earthquakes within the whole Italian region, with a separate focus on the Amatrice–Visso–Norcia seismic sequence area from August 24, 2016 to August 24, 2018. For the Montecilfone area, we combined the information on the geometry and kinematics of the source of the 2018 Mw 5.1 event obtained in this study with available subsurface and structural data on the Outer Apulia Carbonate Platform to improve understanding of this intriguing strike-slip sequence. Our analysis suggests that the Montecilfone earthquake ruptured a W–E trending strike-slip dextral fault. This structure is confined within the Apulia crystalline crust and it might represent the western prolongation of the Mattinata Fault–Apricena Fault active and seismogenic structures. The calculated focal mechanisms of the entire catalog are of good quality complementing important details on source mechanics from moment tensors and confirming the relevance of systematically including manually revised and more accurate polarity data within the BSI database.
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- 2021
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4. SISMIKO: emergency network deployment and data sharing for the 2016 central Italy seismic sequence
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Milena Moretti, Silvia Pondrelli, Lucia Margheriti, Luigi Abruzzese, Mario Anselmi, Pierre Arroucau, Paola Baccheschi, Brian Baptie, Raffaele Bonadio, Andrea Bono, Augusto Bucci, Mauro Buttinelli, Marco Capello, Vincenzo Cardinale, Angelo Castagnozzi, Marco Cattaneo, Gianpaolo Cecere, Claudio Chiarabba, Lauro Chiaraluce, Giovanni Battista Cimini, Rocco Cogliano, Gianfranco Colasanti, Marco Colasanti, Fabio Criscuoli, Ezio D’Alema, Antonino D’Alessandro, Ciriaco D’Ambrosio, Peter Danecek, Mariagrazia De Caro, Pasquale De Gori, Alberto Delladio, Gaetano De Luca, Giovanni De Luca, Martina Demartin, Maria Di Nezza, Raffaele Di Stefano, Luigi Falco, Massimo Fares, Massimo Frapiccini, Alberto Frepoli, Danilo Galluzzo, Edoardo Giandomenico, Lucian Giovani, Carlo Giunchi, Aladino Govoni, David Hawthorn, Chiara Ladina, Valentino Lauciani, Anthony Lindsay, Simone Mancini, Alfonso Giovanni Mandiello, Simone Marzorati, Marco Massa, Antonino Memmolo, Franco Migliari, Felice Minichiello, Giancarlo Monachesi, Caterina Montuori, Raffaele Moschillo, Shane Murphy, Nicola Mauro Pagliuca, Marina Pastori, Davide Piccinini, Ulderico Piccolini, Stefano Pintore, Giulio Poggiali, Sandro Rao, Gilberto Saccorotti, Margarita Segou, Andrea Serratore, Marcello Silvestri, Stefano Silvestri, Massimiliano Vallocchia, Luisa Valoroso, Luciano Zuccarello, Alberto Michelini, and Salvatore Mazza
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SISMIKO ,Surveys, measurements and monitoring ,Tectonics ,Instruments and techniques ,Rapid response seismic networks ,Open data archives ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
At 01:36 UTC (03:36 local time) on August 24th 2016, an earthquake Mw 6.0 struck an extensive sector of the central Apennines (coordinates: latitude 42.70° N, longitude 13.23° E, 8.0 km depth). The earthquake caused about 300 casualties and severe damage to the historical buildings and economic activity in an area located near the borders of the Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzo and Marche regions. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) located in few minutes the hypocenter near Accumoli, a small town in the province of Rieti. In the hours after the quake, dozens of events were recorded by the National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN) of the INGV, many of which had a ML > 3.0. The density and coverage of the RSN in the epicentral area meant the epicenter and magnitude of the main event and subsequent shocks that followed it in the early hours of the seismic sequence were well constrained. However, in order to better constrain the localizations of the aftershock hypocenters, especially the depths, a denser seismic monitoring network was needed. Just after the mainshock, SISMIKO, the coordinating body of the emergency seismic network at INGV, was activated in order to install a temporary seismic network integrated with the existing permanent network in the epicentral area. From August the 24th to the 30th, SISMIKO deployed eighteen seismic stations, generally six components (equipped with both velocimeter and accelerometer), with thirteen of the seismic station transmitting in real-time to the INGV seismic monitoring room in Rome. The design and geometry of the temporary network was decided in consolation with other groups who were deploying seismic stations in the region, namely EMERSITO (a group studying site-effects), and the emergency Italian strong motion network (RAN) managed by the National Civil Protection Department (DPC). Further 25 BB temporary seismic stations were deployed by colleagues of the British Geological Survey (BGS) and the School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh in collaboration with INGV. All data acquired from SISMIKO stations, are quickly available at the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA). The data acquired by the SISMIKO stations were included in the preliminary analysis that was performed by the Bollettino Sismico Italiano (BSI), the Centro Nazionale Terremoti (CNT) staff working in Ancona, and the INGV-MI, described below.
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- 2016
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5. The Amatrice 2016 seismic sequence: a preliminary look at the mainshock and aftershocks distribution
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Maddalena Michele, Raffaele Di Stefano, Lauro Chiaraluce, Marco Cattaneo, Pasquale De Gori, Giancarlo Monachesi, Diana Latorre, Simone Marzorati, Luisa Valoroso, Chiara Ladina, Claudio Chiarabba, Valentino Lauciani, and Massimo Fares
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Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
We relocated the aftershocks of the MW 6.0 Amatrice 2016 mainshock by inverting with a non-linear probabilitstic method P- and S-arrival time readings produced and released in near realtime by the analyst seismologists of IGNV on duty in the seismic monitoring room. Earthquakes distribution shows the activation of a normal fault system with a main SW-dipping fault extending from Amatrice to NW of Accumoli village for a total length of 40 km. On the northern portion of the main fault hanging-wall volume, the structure become more complex activating an antithetic fault below the Norcia basin. It is worth nothing that below 8-9 km of depth, the whole fault system has an almost continuous sub-horizontal layer interested by an intense seismic activity, about 2 km thick.
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- 2016
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6. The Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (northern Apennines, Italy)
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Lauro Chiaraluce, Alessandro Amato, Simona Carannante, Viviana Castelli, Marco Cattaneo, Massimo Cocco, Cristiano Collettini, Ezio D’Alema, Raffaele Di Stefano, Diana Latorre, Simone Marzorati, Francesco Mirabella, Giancarlo Monachesi, Davide Piccinini, Adriano Nardi, Antonio Piersanti, Salvatore Stramondo, and Luisa Valoroso
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Near fault observatory ,Earthquakes ,Low angle normal faults ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
The availability of multidisciplinary and high-resolution data is a fundamental requirement to understand the physics of earthquakes and faulting. We present the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (TABOO), a research infrastructure devoted to studying preparatory processes, slow and fast deformation along a fault system located in the upper Tiber Valley (northern Apennines), dominated by a 60 km long low-angle normal fault (Alto Tiberina, ATF) active since the Quaternary. TABOO consists of 50 permanent seismic stations covering an area of 120 × 120 km2. The surface seismic stations are equipped with 3-components seismometers, one third of them hosting accelerometers. We instrumented three shallow (250 m) boreholes with seismometers, creating a 3-dimensional antenna for studying micro-earthquakes sources (detection threshold is ML 0.5) and detecting transient signals. 24 of these sites are equipped with continuous geodetic GPS, forming two transects across the fault system. Geochemical and electromagnetic stations have been also deployed in the study area. In 36 months TABOO recorded 19,422 events with ML ≤ 3.8 corresponding to 23.36e-04 events per day per squared kilometres; one of the highest seismicity rate value observed in Italy. Seismicity distribution images the geometry of the ATF and its antithetic/synthetic structures located in the hanging-wall. TABOO can allow us to understand the seismogenic potential of the ATF and therefore contribute to the seismic hazard assessment of the area. The collected information on the geometry and deformation style of the fault will be used to elaborate ground shaking scenarios adopting diverse slip distributions and rupture directivity models.
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- 2014
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7. Turning the rumor of the May 11, 2011, earthquake prediction in Rome, Italy, into an information day on earthquake hazard
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Concetta Nostro, Alessandro Amato, Giovanna Cultrera, Lucia Margheriti, Giulio Selvaggi, Luca Arcoraci, Emanuele Casarotti, Raffaele Di Stefano, Simona Cerrato, and the 11 May team
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Seismic hazard ,Education and outreach ,Seismic risk reduction ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
A devastating earthquake was predicted to hit Rome on May 11, 2011. This prediction was never officially released, but it grew on the internet and was amplified by the media. It was erroneously ascribed to Raffaele Bendandi, an Italian self-taught natural scientist who studied planetary motions and related them to earthquakes. Indeed, around May 11, 2011, there was a planetary alignment, and this fed the credibility of the earthquake prediction. During the months preceding May 2011, the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) was overwhelmed with requests for information about this prediction, by the inhabitants of Rome and by tourists. Given the echo of this earthquake prediction, on May 11, 2011, the INGV decided to organize an Open Day at its headquarters in Rome, to inform the public about Italian seismicity and earthquake physics. The Open Day was preceded by a press conference two days before, to talk with journalists about this prediction, and to present the Open Day. During this ‘Day’, 13 new videos were also posted on our YouTube/INGVterremoti channel to explain earthquake processes and hazards, and to provide periodic updates on seismicity in Italy from the seismicity monitoring room. On May 11, 2011, the INGV headquarters was peacefully invaded by over 3,000 visitors, from 10:00 am to 9:00 pm: families, students with and without teachers, civil protection groups, and many journalists. This initiative that was built up in a few weeks has had very large feedback, and was a great opportunity to talk with journalists and people about earthquake prediction, and more in general about the seismic risk in Italy.
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- 2012
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8. The INGVterremoti channel on YouTube
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Alessandro Amato, Luca Arcoraci, Emanuele Casarotti, Raffaele Di Stefano, and the INGVterremoti team
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Education ,Earthquakes ,Seismic awareness ,Seismic hazard ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
n February 2010, we launched an experimental scientific video channel on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/ingvterremoti), to improve our communication strategy for earthquake risk and preparedness. The main goals of this initiative were to inform people of the ongoing seismic activity in Italy and around the World, to communicate the results of scientific research in seismology, and to increase the knowledge of seismic hazard of the people. To date, after almost two years from the start, we have published 52 original videos on YouTube, through the collaboration of many researchers at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The videos are organized into eight play lists: (i) earthquakes in Italy; (ii) earthquakes worldwide; (iii) the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy, earthquake; (iv) ongoing seismic activity; (v) tsunami; (vi) earthquake prediction; (vii) seismic hazard; and (viii) May 11 2011 (when a major earthquake was predicted to hit Rome). To date, the total number of views is over 466,000, with two peaks of more than 20,000/day after the Tohoku, Japan, earthquake (March 2011) and before the presumed prediction of a major earthquake to hit Rome on May 11, 2011. The most popular videos (6) have been viewed more than 20,000 times, with a maximum of over 67,000. We think that this initiative has increased people’s knowledge and awareness of seismic risk, although at the moment the outreach is limited only to a specific (but growing) target of citizens. In the future, we will try to improve the technical aspects of our video communication, and we will try to broaden our audience. We have learned that when specific earthquakes occur (or even when there are unfounded predictions about upcoming seismic events) this is when the attention is highest, which represent the best occasions to move forward towards improved risk communication strategies.
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- 2012
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9. Rapid response seismic networks in Europe: lessons learnt from the L'Aquila earthquake emergency
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Angelo Strollo, Monika Sobiesiak, Simone Marzorati, Ezio D'Alema, Marco Massa, Paolo Augliera, Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Salvatore Mazza, Alberto Delladio, Valentino Lauciani, Fabio Criscuoli, Gianpaolo Cecere, Maurizio Pignone, Massimo Di Bona, Francesco Pio Lucente, Pasquale De Gori, Claudio Chiarabba, Alessandro Amato, Stefano Parolai, Marco Mucciarelli, Giuliano Milana, Francesca Pacor, Luigi Improta, Armand Mariscal, Raffaele Di Stefano, Luisa Valoroso, Riccardo Azzara, Lucia Luzi, Milena Moretti, Paola Bordoni, Aladino Govoni, Giovanna Cultrera, Christophe Voisin, Lauro Chiaraluce, Lucia Margheriti, Anne-Marie Duval, Pascal Dominique, Bertrand Delouis, Anne Paul, Stephan Husen, and Giulio Selvaggi
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Rapid response seismic networks ,open data archives ,seismology ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
The largest dataset ever recorded during a normal fault seismic sequence was acquired during the 2009 seismic emergency triggered by the damaging earthquake in L'Aquila (Italy). This was possible through the coordination of different rapid-response seismic networks in Italy, France and Germany. A seismic network of more than 60 stations recorded up to 70,000 earthquakes. Here, we describe the different open-data archives where it is possible to find this unique set of data for studies related to hazard, seismotectonics and earthquake physics. Moreover, we briefly describe some immediate and direct applications of emergency seismic networks. At the same time, we note the absence of communication platforms between the different European networks. Rapid-response networks need to agree on common strategies for network operations. Hopefully, over the next few years, the European Rapid-Response Seismic Network will became a reality.
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- 2011
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10. The Adriatic Thrust Fault of the 2021 Seismic Sequence Estimated from Accurate Earthquake Locations Using sP Depth Phases
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Raffaele Di Stefano, Maria Grazia Ciaccio, Paola Baccheschi, and Dapeng Zhao
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Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology - Abstract
An earthquake sequence occurred in the Central Adriatic region during March–June 2021. This sequence started on 27 March with a mainshock of moment magnitude (Mw) 5.2 occurring at 13:47 coordinated universal time (UTC). No foreshock was observed before this mainshock. The sequence lasted approximately three months, until the end of June 2021. Approximately 200 seismic events were recorded by the regional seismic network during this time, including four M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes. The 27 March 2021 earthquake was one of the strongest instrumentally recorded events in the area bounded approximately by the Ancona–Zadar line to the north and the Gargano–Dubrovnik line to the south. The mainshock originated at a focal depth of 9.9 km. The seismicity spread from the mainshock up-dip and down-dip along a northeast-dipping plane. Here, we investigate the geometry of the fault activated by this seismic sequence by using sP depth phases. We aim to significantly reduce the large uncertainties associated with the hypocentral locations of offshore earthquakes beneath the Adriatic Sea—an area that plays a fundamental role in the geodynamics of the Mediterranean. These refined earthquake locations also allow us to make inferences with regards to the seismotectonic context responsible for the analyzed seismicity, thus identifying a structure (here referred to as the Mid-Adriatic fault) consisting of a northwest–southeast-striking thrust fault with a ∼35° northeast-dipping plane. The use of depth-phase arrival times to constrain off-network event locations is of particular interest in Italy due to both the peculiar shape of the peninsula and the extreme scarcity of seafloor stations, the cost and management of which are very expensive and complex. Here, we present the first attempt to apply this off-network locating technique to the Italian offshore seismicity research with the aim of improving hazard estimations in these hard-to-monitor regions.
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- 2022
11. CARS - Catalog of Relative Seismic Locations of 1981-2018 Italian Seismicity
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Maddalena Michele, Raffaele Di Stefano, Lauro Chiaraluce, Diana Latorre, and Barbara Castello
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The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) monitors the Italian peninsula seismicity by using the data recorded by the Italian National Seismic Network (RSN) together with the ones gathered by other permanent regional networks (PRN). Earthquakes are real-time located by the INGV surveillance system and manually revised by the Italian Seismic Bulletin (BSI) group analysts.Starting from a catalog composed by homogeneous absolute locations (CLASS; Latorre et al., 2023), obtained by using a 3D regional-scale velocity model, we generated a catalog of relative seismic locations (CARS) of about 310,000 events occurred in Italy during 1981-2018.We inverted absolute P- and S- waves arrival times derived from data collected by RSN plus PRN for the period 1981-2008 and only by RSN for 2009-2018 to apply the double-difference relocation algorithm (Waldhauser and Ellsworth, 2000).For the second period, we combined the absolute travel times with relative ones obtained by waveforms cross-correlations analysis performed on pairs of similar events. The time domain cross‐correlation method proposed by Schaff et al., 2004 and Schaff & Waldhauser, 2005 was applied to seismograms of all pairs of events separated by 10 km or less and recorded at common stations. Seismograms were filtered in the 1–15 Hz frequency range using a four pole, zero phase band‐pass Butterworth filter. The correlation measurements were performed on 1.0 s long window for P- and S-waves. We collected a total of ~17 million P- and ~23 million S-wave delay times, retaining all measurements with correlation coefficients greater than 0.7.1D velocity models characterising 18 different (geologically, seismically and tectonically homogeneous) Italian macroareas (after Pastori et al. B2-2019-2021, Wp1-task4) were used in the location procedure.To cope with the memory limits (15,000 events with less than 200 readings) of the HypoDD code so to use it in a steady operational mode, we first subdivided the study region in the 18 macroareas related to the velocity models, then we additional discretize each in 100x100km2 cells, overlapped by the 80% in longitude and latitude. We repeatedly produced hypocentral locations of the same events that we merged by computing a final weighted mean location.We present the double-difference catalog of Italian seismicity, allowing to depict alignments clearer with respect to the starting catalog (CLASS), to be related to seismogenic faults and/or to regional structures along the whole Italian peninsula.
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- 2023
12. Diffusion processes in minor normal faulting seismic sequences monitored by the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (Northern Apennines, Italy)
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Giulio Poggiali, Monica Sugan, Maddalena Michele, Samer Bagh, Raffaele Di Stefano, Alessandro Vuan, Emanuele Tondi, and Lauro Chiaraluce
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The analysis of microseismicity has a fundamental role in understanding earthquakes, giving insights on the long- and short-term driving forces and processes preparing and generating the seismicity occurrence and its evolution in space and time.Recent advances in detection and location algorithms, paired with dense seismic networks, and supported by higher computing capacity, allow dramatic increase in the quality and quantity of low magnitude earthquakes recorded resulting in high resolution earthquakes catalogs in terms of both location attributes and completeness.Such catalogs enable us to analyze small magnitude (M
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- 2023
13. Accurate Earthquake Locations of the Adriatic Thrust Fault of the 2021 Seismic Sequence with sP Depth Phases
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Raffaele Di Stefano, Maria Grazia Ciaccio, Paola Baccheschi, and Dapeng Zhao
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We re-located 70 earthquakes belonging to the seismic sequence started on 2021 March 27th, with a mainshock of Mw 5.2 at 13:47 UTC, in the Central Adriatic region (Italy off-shore) by using the on-purpose designed code by Zhao et al. (2007, 2011), modeling the sP converted phases.The mainshock of the 2021 seismic sequence occurred about 20 km north of the Palagruza island, 80 km from the Gargano promontory and about 40 km from the Croatian island of Lastovo. It was felt in many central-southern Italian regions, from Ancona to Foggia, and in Central Dalmatia. All the epicenters of this seismic sequence lie in the open sea, about 100km to the SE and about 50 km to the NW of the 2003 Jabuka seismic sequence, and the 1988 Palagruza seismic sequence, respectively.Though the seismicity in the central Adriatic Sea has been recorded by improving seismic networks, especially in recent decades, the precise location of the Adriatic offshore earthquakes was hampered mainly by the large distance of the closest stations, and by the large gap in the distribution of seismic stations.The possibility to model the sP depth phases enables us to estimate the epicentral parameters and focal depths of these offshore earthquakes more accurately, thanks to the peculiar ray-path that mimics the presence of a receiver approximately on top of the hypocenter. The refined earthquake locations allow us to make inferences on the structure responsible for the seismicity of the 2021 seismic sequence, a thrust fault NW-SE striking and ~35° NE-dipping, and on its seismotectonic context.The use of depth-phase arrival times to constrain the off-network events' locations is of particular interest to Italy due to both the peculiar shape of the peninsula and the extreme scarcity of seafloor stations, whose cost and management are very expensive and complex.We present the first attempt to apply this off-network location technique to the Italian offshore seismicity with the aim of improving the hazard estimation of these hard-to-monitor regions.
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- 2023
14. Moment vs local magnitude scaling of small-to-moderate earthquakes from seismic moment estimation of 10 years (2009-2018) of Italian seismicity
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Mariano Supino, Lauro Chiaraluce, Raffaele Di Stefano, Barbara Castello, and Maddalena Michele
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We computed moment (Mw) and local magnitude (ML) of about 250,000 earthquakes occurred in Italy from 2009 to 2018 and recorded at seismic stations of the Italian National Network managed by INGV.For moment magnitude computation, we start from raw velocity waveforms and invert the displacement spectra of more than 2,000,000 S-waves manually picked. We use the probabilistic method of Supino et al. [2019] to estimate the a-posteriori joint probability density function of the source parameters: seismic moment M0, corner frequency fc and high-frequency decay γ. Mw is obtained from M0 using the Kanamori [1977] equation.We start from the same waveforms to compute local magnitude using two designed on purpose codes, PyAmp and PyML [Di Stefano et al., 2023], and an attenuation law specific for the Italian region, Di Bona et al. [2016], obtaining ML values characterized by quality and homogeneity.Both magnitude catalogs can be reproduced due to the availability in open databases of all the input and output parameters used for processing.We observe a self-similar scaling between fc and M0 for Mw larger than ~2.0. For smaller magnitudes, S-wave spectra show an almost constant corner frequency (~10 Hz), which does not scale with the earthquake source (seismic moment). We interpret this as the constant cut-off frequency of the anelastic attenuation, which acts as a low-pass filter and produces an apparent corner frequency. The latter is lower than expected, and corresponds to an apparent larger source duration.Because of the conservation of total displacement integral after a low-pass filtering, signals must exhibit a maximum amplitude lower than expected to “compensate” the apparent larger source duration. ML values are therefore expected to be underestimated while moment magnitudes, by definition, are not affected by this as they are proportional to the displacement integral.Coherently, the comparison of our Mw and ML estimates shows the systematic underestimation of ML with respect to Mw for small magnitude events. The deviation from a 1:1 scaling relationship between ML and Mw overlaps the magnitude range where the constant apparent corner frequency arises in the M0-fc scaling (ML
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- 2023
15. Temporal Variations of Seismicity Rates and Gutenberg–Richterb-Values for a Stochastic Declustered Catalog: An Example in Central Italy
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Anna Eliana Pastoressa, Maura Murru, Matteo Taroni, Rodolfo Console, Caterina Montuori, Giuseppe Falcone, and Raffaele Di Stefano
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Geophysics - Abstract
One important aspect of the seismicity is the spatiotemporal clustering; hence, the distinction between independent and triggered events is a critical part of the analysis of seismic catalogs. Stochastic declustering of seismicity allows a probabilistic distinction between these two kinds of events. Such an approach, usually performed with the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, avoids the bias in the estimation of the frequency–magnitude distribution parameters if we consider a subset of the catalog, that is, only the independent or the triggered events. In this article, we present a framework to properly include the probabilities of any event to be independent (or triggered) both in the temporal variation of the seismic rates and in the estimation of the b-value of the Gutenberg–Richter law. This framework is then applied to a high-definition seismic catalog in the central part of Italy covering the period from April 2010 to December 2015. The results of our analysis show that the seismic activity from the beginning of the catalog to March 2013 is characterized by a low degree of clustering and a relatively high b-value, whereas the following period exhibits a higher degree of clustering and a smaller b-value.
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- 2023
16. Seismic Surveillance and Earthquake Monitoring in Italy
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Marcello D'Agostino, Sandro Rao, Gianpaolo Cecere, Giulio Selvaggi, Raffaele Di Stefano, L. Falco, Peter Danecek, Anna Nardi, Salvatore Alparone, Paola Baccheschi, Francesco Zanolin, Marco Cattaneo, Milena Moretti, Aldo Benincasa, Licia Faenza, Sergio Di Prima, Vincenzo Sepe, Christian Bignami, Valentino Lauciani, Placido Montalto, Matteo Quintiliani, Annamaria Vicari, Ciriaco D'Ambrosio, Walter De Cesare, Stefano Pintore, Carmelo Cassisi, Francesco Mariano Mele, Andrea Bono, Maria Concetta Lorenzino, P. Ricciolino, Maurizio Pignone, Gianpaolo Sensale, Mario Castellano, Rosario Peluso, Eugenio Privitera, Alessandro Marchetti, Marina Pastori, Stefano Branca, Michele Prestifilippo, Emiliano Della Bina, Alberto Michelini, Francesca Bianco, Francesca Cirilli, Adriano Azzarone, Luisa Valoroso, Salvatore Stramondo, Ornella Cocina, O. Torrisi, Alfonso Giovanni Mandiello, Massimo Fares, Marco Aliotta, Concetta Nostro, Laura Scognamiglio, Alessandro Di Filippo, Giovanni Scarpato, Salvatore Mazza, Diana Latorre, Lucia Margheriti, Massimo Orazi, Emanuele Casarotti, Ivano Carluccio, Pietro Ficeli, Alessandro Amato, Barbara Castello, Fabrizio Bernardi, and Antonio Piersanti
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Earthquake monitoring ,Geophysics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Seismology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is an Italian research institution with focus on earth sciences. Moreover, the INGV is the operational center for seismic surveillance and earthquake monitoring in Italy and is a part of the civil protection system as a center of expertise on seismic, volcanic, and tsunami risks.INGV operates the Italian National Seismic Network and other networks at national scale and is a primary node of the European Integrated Data Archive for archiving and distributing strong-motion and weak-motion seismic recordings. In the control room in Rome, INGV staff performs seismic surveillance and tsunami warning services; in Catania and Naples, the control rooms are devoted to volcanic surveillance. Volcano monitoring includes locating earthquakes in the regions around the Sicilian (Etna, Eolian Islands, and Pantelleria) and the Campanian (Vesuvius, Campi Fregrei, and Ischia) active volcanoes. The tsunami warning is based on earthquake location and magnitude (M) evaluation for moderate to large events in the Mediterranean region and also around the world. The technologists of the institute tuned the data acquisition system to accomplish, in near real time, automatic earthquake detection, hypocenter and magnitude determination, and evaluation of several seismological products (e.g., moment tensors and ShakeMaps). Database archiving of all parametric results is closely linked to the existing procedures of the INGV seismic surveillance environment and surveillance procedures. Earthquake information is routinely revised by the analysts of the Italian seismic bulletin. INGV provides earthquake information to the Department of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione Civile) to the scientific community and to the public through the web and social media. We aim at illustrating different aspects of earthquake monitoring at INGV: (1) network operations; (2) organizational structure and the hardware and software used; and (3) communication, including recent developments and planned improvements.
- Published
- 2021
17. The Near Fault Observatory community in Europe: a new resource for faulting and hazard studies
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Lauro Chiaraluce, Gaetano Festa, Pascal Bernard, Antonio Caracausi, Ivano Carluccio, John Clinton, Raffaele Di Stefano, Luca Elia, Christos Evangelidis, Semih Ergintav, Ovidiu Jianu, George Kaviris, Alexandru Marmureanu, Stanka Sebela, Efthimios Sokos, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institute of Geodynamics [Athens], National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Department of Geophysics & Geothermics - NKUA, NKUA, University of Patras, CRLNET, and European Project: 262229,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,EPOS(2010)
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High resolution data products ,Research infrastructures ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Geophysics ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Near Fault Observatories ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Active faults ,EPOS ,Seismic hazard - Abstract
The Near Fault Observatories (NFOs) community is one of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS, http://www.epos-eu.org) Thematic Communities, today consisting of six research infrastructures that operate in regions characterised by high seismic hazard originating from different tectonic regimes. Earthquakes respond to complex natural systems whose mechanical properties evolve over time. Thus, in order to understand the multi-scale, physical/chemical processes responsible for the faulting that earthquakes occur on, it is required to consider phenomena that intersect different research fields, i.e., to put in place multidisciplinary monitoring. Hence, NFOs are grounded on modern and multidisciplinary infrastructures, collecting near fault high resolution raw data that allows generation of innovative scientific products. The NFOs usually complement regional backbone networks with a higher density distribution of seismic, geodetic, geochemical and other geophysical sensors, at surface and sometimes below grade. These dense and modern networks of multi-parametric sensors are sited at and around active faults, where moderate to large earthquakes have occurred in the past and are expected in the future. They continuously monitor the underlying Earth instability processes over a broad time interval. Data collected at each NFO results in an exceptionally high degree of knowledge of the geometry and parameters characterizing the local geological faults and their deformation pattern. The novel data produced by the NFO community is aggregated in EPOS and is made available to a diverse set of stake-holders through the NFO Federated Specific Data Gateway (FRIDGE). In the broader domain of the Solid Earth sciences, NFOs meet the growing expectations of the learning and communication sectors by hosting a large variety of scientific information about earthquakes as a natural phenomenon and a societal issue. It represents the EPOS concept and objective of aggregating and harmonising the European research infrastructures capabilities to facilitate broader scientific opportunity. The NFOs are at the cutting edge of network monitoring. They conduct multidisciplinary experiments for testing multi-sensor stations, as well as realise robust and ultra-low latency, transmis-sion systems that can routinely accommodate temporary monitoring densification. The effort to continuously upgrade the technological efficiency of monitoring systems positions the NFO at the centre of marketing opportunities for the European enterprises devoted to new sensor technology. The NFOs constitute ideal test beds for generating expertise on data integration, creating tools for the next generation of multidisciplinary research, routine data analysis and data visualization. In particular focus is often on near-real time tools and triggering alarms at different levels are tested and implemented, strengthening the cooperation with the Agencies for risk management. NFOs have developed innovative operational actions such as the Testing Centre for Earthquake Early Warning and Source Characterisation (CREW) and detailed fast ground shaking and damage characterization. Complementing the recent growth of modern laboratory and computational models, the NFOs can provide interdisciplinary observations of comparable high resolution to describe the behaviour of fault slip over a vast range of spatial and temporal scales and aiding to provide more accurate earthquake hazard characterizations., Annals of Geophysics, 65 (3), ISSN:1593-5213
- Published
- 2022
18. An updated view of the Italian seismicity from probabilistic location in 3D velocity models: The 1981–2018 Italian catalog of absolute earthquake locations (CLASS)
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Diana Latorre, Raffaele Di Stefano, Barbara Castello, Maddalena Michele, and Lauro Chiaraluce
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Geophysics ,Earth-Surface Processes - Published
- 2023
19. Fault Planes, Fault Zone Structure and Detachment Fragmentation Resolved With High‐Precision Aftershock Locations of the 2016–2017 Central Italy Sequence
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David P. Schaff, M. Michele, Raffaele Di Stefano, Felix Waldhauser, and Lauro Chiaraluce
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Fragmentation (computing) ,Fault (geology) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Sequence (geology) ,Geophysics ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Seismology ,Aftershock ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Three devastating earthquakes ofMW≥5.9 activated a complex system of high-angle normal, antithetic, and sub-horizontal detachment faults during the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence. Waveform cross-correlation based double-difference location of nearly 400,000 aftershocks illuminate complex, fine-scale structures of interacting fault zones. The Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove (VB) normal fault exhibits wide and complex damage zones, including a system of bookshelf faults that intersects the detachment zone. In the Laga domain, a comparatively narrow, shallow dipping segment of the deep Mt. Gorzano fault progressively ruptures through the detachment zone in four subsequentMW∼ 5.4 events. Reconstructed fault planes show that the detachment zone is fragmented in four sub-horizontal, partly overlaying shear planes that correlated with the extent of the mainshock ruptures. We find a new, deep reaching seismic barrier that coincides with a bend in the VB fault and may play a role in controlling rupture evolution.
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- 2021
20. Intermittent Slip along the Alto Tiberina Low-angle Normal Fault in Central Italy
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Alessandro Vuan, Piero Brondi, Monica Sugan, Lauro Chiaraluce, Raffaele Di Stefano, and Maddalena Michele
- Published
- 2020
21. Change-point analysis of Vp/Vs ratio time-series using a trans-dimensional McMC algorithm: applied to the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory seismic network (Northern Apennines, Italy)
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Raffaele Di Stefano, Giulio Poggiali, Lauro Chiaraluce, Nicola Piana Agostinetti, Poggiali, G, Chiaraluce, L, Di Stefano, R, and Piana Agostinetti, N
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Series (mathematics) ,Statistical seismology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geodesy ,01 natural sciences ,Near fault ,Probability distribution ,Geophysics ,Seismicity and tectonic ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Observatory ,Change-Point Analysis ,Time-series analysis ,Time series ,Geology ,Mcmc algorithm ,Statistical method ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Time-series of VP/VS ratio have been used to track local changes in elastic properties of rock volumes. Identifying such variations can provide information on the geophysical processes taking place inside a rock volume during the seismic cycle. A value of VP/VS ratio can be computed from traveltime of P and S waves generated from a single local event and it is representative of the value of the VP/VS ratio for the rocks traversed by the seismic ray, between the source and the receiver. It is straightforward, during a seismic sequence, to generate time-series of VP/VS ratio for events located close together and a single station. Such time-series should be able to monitor temporal variations of elastic parameters in the rock volume. Due to the very small nature of the expected changes in P- and S-wave velocity, the evaluation of VP/VS ratio time-series has been problematic in the past, and subjective choices about, for example the time-averaging scheme applied or event selection for constructing the time-series, have been proven to strongly affect the outcomes of the analysis. In this contribution, we present the application of a new methodology for a statistical evaluation of changes in VP/VS ratio time-series. The new methodology belongs to the wide class of 'change-point analysis' algorithms and is developed in the framework of Bayesian inference. The posterior probability distribution (PPD) of the change-point locations is obtained using a trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo (trans-D McMC) algorithm, where the existence and number of change-points is directly dictated by the data themselves. We apply the new algorithm to the seismic catalogue produced by the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory seismic network (Northern Apennines, Italy). Here the high rate of background seismic release and the dense seismic network allow for a robust statistical analysis. The occurrence of change-points in VP/VS time-series identified with the proposed procedure is represented in space and time. The space-time distributions of change-points in the study area shows a clear peak of change-points following the occurrence of local main events, clustered along the main fault system activated. The robustness of the proposed approach makes it appropriate as an automatic, real-time tool for monitoring rock property changes related to seismic activity.
- Published
- 2019
22. Mixed-Mode Slip Behavior of the Altotiberina Low-Angle Normal Fault System (Northern Apennines, Italy) through High-Resolution Earthquake Locations and Repeating Events
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Luisa Valoroso, Lauro Chiaraluce, Raffaele Di Stefano, and Giancarlo Monachesi
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. SISMIKO: emergency network deployment and data sharing for the 2016 central Italy seismic sequence
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David Hawthorn, Giancarlo Monachesi, G. B. Cimini, Raffaele Bonadio, Valentino Lauciani, Augusto Bucci, Antonino D'Alessandro, Andrea Bono, R. Moschillo, F. Criscuoli, Sandro Rao, Rocco Cogliano, Edoardo Giandomenico, Chiara Ladina, Stefano Pintore, Giovanni De Luca, Stefano Silvestri, F. Minichiello, Gilberto Saccorotti, Luciano Zuccarello, Caterina Montuori, V. Cardinale, A. Serratore, Aladino Govoni, L. Falco, L. Abruzzese, Gianpaolo Cecere, Salvatore Mazza, Claudio Chiarabba, Alberto Frepoli, G. Colasanti, Pasquale De Gori, Paola Baccheschi, Raffaele Di Stefano, Luisa Valoroso, Anthony Lindsay, Mariagrazia De Caro, M. Capello, Marco Cattaneo, Carlo Giunchi, Milena Moretti, Gaetano De Luca, Margarita Segou, Simone Mancini, Pierre Arroucau, Marco Massa, F. Migliari, Simone Marzorati, Marco Colasanti, Maria Di Nezza, M. Silvestri, Lauro Chiaraluce, Massimiliano Vallocchia, Ciriaco D'Ambrosio, Ulderico Piccolini, Alfonso Giovanni Mandiello, M. Frapiccini, Brian Baptie, Nicola Mauro Pagliuca, Ezio D'Alema, Peter Danecek, Lucia Margheriti, Davide Piccinini, Antonino Memmolo, M. Demartin, Alberto Michelini, Marina Pastori, Lucian Giovani, Mario Anselmi, Mauro Buttinelli, Shane Murphy, Massimo Fares, A. Castagnozzi, Silvia Pondrelli, Giulio Poggiali, A. Delladio, and Danilo Galluzzo
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Hypocenter ,Surveys, measurements and monitoring ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,Surveys ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Aftershock ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Quake (natural phenomenon) ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,lcsh:QC801-809 ,Tectonics ,Instruments and techniques ,Open data archives ,SISMIKO ,Rapid response seismic networks ,lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Geophysics ,Epicenter ,measurements and monitoring ,Geological survey ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,Longitude ,Seismology ,Geology - Abstract
At 01:36 UTC (03:36 local time) on August 24th 2016, an earthquake Mw 6.0 struck an extensive sector of the central Apennines (coordinates: latitude 42.70° N, longitude 13.23° E, 8.0 km depth). The earthquake caused about 300 casualties and severe damage to the historical buildings and economic activity in an area located near the borders of the Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzo and Marche regions. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) located in few minutes the hypocenter near Accumoli, a small town in the province of Rieti. In the hours after the quake, dozens of events were recorded by the National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN) of the INGV, many of which had a ML > 3.0. The density and coverage of the RSN in the epicentral area meant the epicenter and magnitude of the main event and subsequent shocks that followed it in the early hours of the seismic sequence were well constrained. However, in order to better constrain the localizations of the aftershock hypocenters, especially the depths, a denser seismic monitoring network was needed. Just after the mainshock, SISMIKO, the coordinating body of the emergency seismic network at INGV, was activated in order to install a temporary seismic network integrated with the existing permanent network in the epicentral area. From August the 24th to the 30th, SISMIKO deployed eighteen seismic stations, generally six components (equipped with both velocimeter and accelerometer), with thirteen of the seismic station transmitting in real-time to the INGV seismic monitoring room in Rome. The design and geometry of the temporary network was decided in consolation with other groups who were deploying seismic stations in the region, namely EMERSITO (a group studying site-effects), and the emergency Italian strong motion network (RAN) managed by the National Civil Protection Department (DPC). Further 25 BB temporary seismic stations were deployed by colleagues of the British Geological Survey (BGS) and the School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh in collaboration with INGV. All data acquired from SISMIKO stations, are quickly available at the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA). The data acquired by the SISMIKO stations were included in the preliminary analysis that was performed by the Bollettino Sismico Italiano (BSI), the Centro Nazionale Terremoti (CNT) staff working in Ancona, and the INGV-MI, described below.
- Published
- 2016
24. The Amatrice 2016 seismic sequence: a preliminary look at the mainshock and aftershocks distribution
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Diana Latorre, Lauro Chiaraluce, Simone Marzorati, Chiara Ladina, Giancarlo Monachesi, Pasquale De Gori, Marco Cattaneo, Claudio Chiarabba, Valentino Lauciani, Raffaele Di Stefano, Luisa Valoroso, M. Michele, and Massimo Fares
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Seismic gap ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,lcsh:QC801-809 ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Fault (geology) ,Structural basin ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Sequence (geology) ,lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Geophysics ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,Normal fault ,Seismology ,Aftershock ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We relocated the aftershocks of the MW 6.0 Amatrice 2016 mainshock by inverting with a non-linear probabilitstic method P- and S-arrival time readings produced and released in near realtime by the analyst seismologists of IGNV on duty in the seismic monitoring room. Earthquakes distribution shows the activation of a normal fault system with a main SW-dipping fault extending from Amatrice to NW of Accumoli village for a total length of 40 km. On the northern portion of the main fault hanging-wall volume, the structure become more complex activating an antithetic fault below the Norcia basin. It is worth nothing that below 8-9 km of depth, the whole fault system has an almost continuous sub-horizontal layer interested by an intense seismic activity, about 2 km thick.
- Published
- 2016
25. Mixed-Mode Slip Behavior of the Altotiberina Low-Angle Normal Fault System (Northern Apennines, Italy) through High-Resolution Earthquake Locations and Repeating Events
- Author
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Giancarlo Monachesi, Luisa Valoroso, Lauro Chiaraluce, and Raffaele Di Stefano
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,High resolution ,Slip (materials science) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Mixed mode ,01 natural sciences ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Normal fault ,Seismology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2017
26. THE ALTO TIBERINA NEAR FAULT OBSERVATORY (NORTHERN APENNINES, ITALY)
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Giancarlo Monachesi, Lauro Chiaraluce, Adriano Nardi, Salvatore Stramondo, Davide Piccinini, Viviana Castelli, Francesco Mirabella, Diana Latorre, Cristiano Collettini, Marco Cattaneo, Antonio Piersanti, Raffaele Di Stefano, Simona Carannante, Simone Marzorati, Alessandro Amato, Massimo Cocco, Ezio D'Alema, and Luisa Valoroso
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Seismometer ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,lcsh:QC801-809 ,Borehole ,Geodetic datum ,northern apennines ,Slip (materials science) ,Fault (geology) ,Induced seismicity ,Near fault observatory ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,earthquake ,low angle normal faults ,near fault observatory ,earthquakes ,lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Geophysics ,Low angle normal faults ,Observatory ,Global Positioning System ,Earthquakes ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,business ,Seismology ,Geology - Abstract
The availability of multidisciplinary and high-resolution data is a fundamental requirement to understand the physics of earthquakes and faulting. We present the Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (TABOO), a research infrastructure devoted to studying preparatory processes, slow and fast deformation along a fault system located in the upper Tiber Valley (northern Apennines), dominated by a 60 km long low-angle normal fault (Alto Tiberina, ATF) active since the Quaternary. TABOO consists of 50 permanent seismic stations covering an area of 120 × 120 km2. The surface seismic stations are equipped with 3-components seismometers, one third of them hosting accelerometers. We instrumented three shallow (250 m) boreholes with seismometers, creating a 3-dimensional antenna for studying micro-earthquakes sources (detection threshold is ML 0.5) and detecting transient signals. 24 of these sites are equipped with continuous geodetic GPS, forming two transects across the fault system. Geochemical and electromagnetic stations have been also deployed in the study area. In 36 months TABOO recorded 19,422 events with ML ≤ 3.8 corresponding to 23.36e-04 events per day per squared kilometres; one of the highest seismicity rate value observed in Italy. Seismicity distribution images the geometry of the ATF and its antithetic/synthetic structures located in the hanging-wall. TABOO can allow us to understand the seismogenic potential of the ATF and therefore contribute to the seismic hazard assessment of the area. The collected information on the geometry and deformation style of the fault will be used to elaborate ground shaking scenarios adopting diverse slip distributions and rupture directivity models.
- Published
- 2014
27. The INGVterremoti channel on YouTube
- Author
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Emanuele Casarotti, Concetta Nostro, Alessandro Amato, Giovanna Cultrera, and Raffaele Di Stefano
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Seismic awareness ,History ,business.industry ,Earthquake prediction ,lcsh:QC801-809 ,Public relations ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,Education ,Seismic hazard ,Outreach ,lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Geophysics ,Preparedness ,Earthquakes ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,Earthquake risk ,2008 California earthquake study ,Seismic risk ,business ,Seismology ,Communication channel - Abstract
n February 2010, we launched an experimental scientific video channel on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/ingvterremoti), to improve our communication strategy for earthquake risk and preparedness. The main goals of this initiative were to inform people of the ongoing seismic activity in Italy and around the World, to communicate the results of scientific research in seismology, and to increase the knowledge of seismic hazard of the people. To date, after almost two years from the start, we have published 52 original videos on YouTube, through the collaboration of many researchers at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The videos are organized into eight play lists: (i) earthquakes in Italy; (ii) earthquakes worldwide; (iii) the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy, earthquake; (iv) ongoing seismic activity; (v) tsunami; (vi) earthquake prediction; (vii) seismic hazard; and (viii) May 11 2011 (when a major earthquake was predicted to hit Rome). To date, the total number of views is over 466,000, with two peaks of more than 20,000/day after the Tohoku, Japan, earthquake (March 2011) and before the presumed prediction of a major earthquake to hit Rome on May 11, 2011. The most popular videos (6) have been viewed more than 20,000 times, with a maximum of over 67,000. We think that this initiative has increased people’s knowledge and awareness of seismic risk, although at the moment the outreach is limited only to a specific (but growing) target of citizens. In the future, we will try to improve the technical aspects of our video communication, and we will try to broaden our audience. We have learned that when specific earthquakes occur (or even when there are unfounded predictions about upcoming seismic events) this is when the attention is highest, which represent the best occasions to move forward towards improved risk communication strategies.
- Published
- 2012
28. Rapid response seismic networks in Europe: lessons learnt from the L'Aquila earthquake emergency
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Paolo Augliera, Giovanna Cultrera, Maurizio Pignone, Claudio Chiarabba, Raffaele Di Stefano, Valentino Lauciani, Giulio Selvaggi, A. Delladio, Giuseppe Di Giulio, M. Sobiesiak, Fabrizio Cara, Milena Moretti, Simone Marzorati, Lucia Margheriti, Stefano Parolai, Luisa Valoroso, Anne Paul, Gianpaolo Cecere, Giuliano Milana, Francesca Pacor, Paola Bordoni, Ezio D'Alema, F. Criscuoli, Luigi Improta, Pasquale De Gori, Pascal Dominique, Aladino Govoni, Bertrand Delouis, Alessandro Amato, Anne-Marie Duval, Massimo Di Bona, Lauro Chiaraluce, Lucia Luzi, Angelo Strollo, Marco Mucciarelli, Francesco Pio Lucente, Riccardo Mario Azzara, Marco Massa, Armand Mariscal, Salvatore Mazza, Stephan Husen, Christophe Voisin, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Cycle sismique et déformations transitoires, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Milano (INGV), Risques, Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Dipartimento di Strutture, Geotecnica, Geologia Applicata all'Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Institut für Geowissenschaften [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), ERA 6 Risque sismique (ERA 6 Risque sismique - Equipe recherche associée au LCPC), Avant création Cerema, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ondes et Structures (Isterre), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Funding provided by the NERA project and by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA)
- Subjects
L aquila ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,550 - Earth sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,Surveys ,seismology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Network operations center ,Earthquake scenario ,Urban seismic risk ,Rapid response seismic network ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,Measurements and monitoring ,Tectonics ,Instruments and techniques ,Open data archives ,Rapid response ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,lcsh:QC801-809 ,Seismotectonics ,Rapid response seismic networks ,Hazard ,lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Geophysics ,measurements and monitoring ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,Seismology - Abstract
The largest dataset ever recorded during a normal fault seismic sequence was acquired during the 2009 seismic emergency triggered by the damaging earthquake in L'Aquila (Italy). This was possible through the coordination of different rapid-response seismic networks in Italy, France and Germany. A seismic network of more than 60 stations recorded up to 70,000 earthquakes. Here, we describe the different open-data archives where it is possible to find this unique set of data for studies related to hazard, seismotectonics and earthquake physics. Moreover, we briefly describe some immediate and direct applications of emergency seismic networks. At the same time, we note the absence of communication platforms between the different European networks. Rapid-response networks need to agree on common strategies for network operations. Hopefully, over the next few years, the European Rapid-Response Seismic Network will became a reality., Annals of Geophysics, 54 (4), ISSN:1593-5213
- Published
- 2011
29. Seismicity and deep structure of the northern-central Apennines
- Author
-
Claudio Chiarabba and Raffaele Di Stefano
- Subjects
Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Geology ,Induced seismicity ,Seismology - Published
- 2010
30. Active source tomography at Mt. Vesuvius: Constraints for the magmatic system
- Author
-
Claudio Chiarabba and Raffaele Di Stefano
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Soil Science ,Magma chamber ,Aquatic Science ,Classification of discontinuities ,Oceanography ,Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering) ,Impact crater ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,P wave ,Paleontology ,Forestry ,Crust ,Geophysics ,Volcano ,Space and Planetary Science ,Tomography ,Geology ,Seismology - Abstract
[1] Recently, Mt. Vesuvius has been the subject of renewed seismological studies designed to allow the definition of the subsurface structure, focusing on the location and geometry of a presumed shallow magma chamber. The high volcanic risk associated with the activity of Mt. Vesuvius motivates detailed studies to trace a possible magmatic supply at shallow depth that could feed future eruptions. In 1994 and 1996 two active seismic surveys were carried out by an international team of scientists. Body waves from 17 shots executed around the volcano were recorded by dense arrays of seismic stations located across the volcano and extending to the surrounding Apenninic belt. These experiments encountered logistic difficulties due to the highly populated area; nevertheless, a good-quality data set of waveforms was collected. In this work we present the three-dimensional P wave velocity structure of the upper crust beneath Mt. Vesuvius, obtained through tomographic inversion of data collected during the TomoVes active seismic surveys. Due to the geometry of the problem, we used a tomographic technique that allows ray tracing in a complex model with both sharp velocity discontinuities and velocity gradients. The shot and station distribution and the presence of a very shallow velocity discontinuity, producing head wave first arrivals, limited the analysis to the upper 3 km of the crust. The images we obtained show a well-resolved, main axial high-Vp body interpreted as a magmatic intrusion remnant of recent eruptions from the central crater. Lateral branches depart from the central anomaly, possibly indicating the path followed by the magma during lateral eruptions that occurred in the past.
- Published
- 2002
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